marble contractor; provided that to bank fixture and plumbing concerns, f. o. b. quotations not exceeding $4,000.00 may be made on jobs in which the building and location thereof are fully disclosed. 20. Job Reduced to less than $2,000.00: Where any job reported as over Two Thousand Dollars ($2,000.00) is subsequently revised to less than that figure, the facts must be reported to the Secretary, to complete the record. 21. F. O. B. Quotations: Copies of all f. o. b. quotations over $1,000.00 in amount shall be sent to the Secretary, where other members are bidding on the job set-in-place, copies of f. o. b. quotations shall be distributed with the bids. b. No member of this Association shall submit an f. o. quotation on any job on which a closing date has been established, between the time of the closing date and the time when the marble contract is definitely awarded. Members of this Association are prohibited to take advantage of f. o. b. quotations in such a manner as to gain for themselves an unfair advantage over other bidders. 22. Detailed Estimates where Required as Evidence: In cases where violations of these Rules for Bidding are charged against a member or members, the Grievance Committee, to be so constituted in this case as to contain no members interested in the case in question, may call upon the Secretary for the schedule of bids in the case, and upon the accused and accusing members for their detailed estimates on which their bids are based, in case this information is necessary to reach a finding as to the facts. This constitutes the sole exception to the rule that bids shall be distributed only to the bidders and in no other case shall this Association or any of its officers require any member to produce his detailed estimates, or reveal the basis of his bids or his unit prices. 23. Power to Modify Rules: Where on account of the occurrence of some unusual or unforeseen event or happening, or because of the lapse of time or change in market conditions, the strict application of any of these rules would work substantial injustice to any person, whether a bidder on marble work or a prospective purchaser, the Board of Directors may so modify them in each case as to avoid the injustice. MEDICINE THE OATH OF HIPPOCRATES Early 4th century B. C. Translated by Francis Adams, I swear by Apollo the physician, and Aesculapius, and Health, and All-heal [Hygeia and Panacea, daughters of Aesculapius,] and all the gods and goddesses, that, according to my ability and judgment, I will keep this Oath and this stipulation— to reckon him who taught me this Art equally dear to me as my parents, to share my substance with him, and relieve his necessities if required; to look upon his offspring in the same footing as my own brothers, and to teach them this art, if they shall wish to learn it, without fee or stipulation; and that by precept, lecture, and every other mode of instruction, I will implant a knowledge of the Art to my own sons, and those of my teachers, and to disciples bound by a stipulation and oath according to the law of medicine, but to none others. I will follow that system of regimen which, according to my ability and judgment, I consider for the benefit of my patients, and abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous. I will give no deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor suggest any such counsel; and in like manner I will not give to a woman a pessary to produce abortion. With purity and with holiness I will pass my life and practice my Art. I will not cut persons laboring under the stone, but will leave this to be done by men who are practitioners of this work. Into whatever houses I enter, I will go into them for the benefit of the sick, and will abstain from every voluntary act of mischief and corruption; and, further, from the seduction of females or males, of freemen and slaves. Whatever, in connection with my professional practice or not in connection with it, I see or hear, in the life of men, which ought not to be spoken of abroad, I will not divulge, as reckoning that all such should be kept secret. While I continue to keep this Oath unviolated, may it be granted to me to enjoy life and the practice of the Art, respected by all men, in all times! But should I trespass and violate this Oath, may the reverse be my lot! AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS Chapter I The Duties of Physicians to Their Patients THE PHYSICIAN'S RESPONSIBILITY SECTION 1-A profession has for its prime object the service it can render to humanity; reward or financial gain should be a subordinate consideration. The practice of medicine is a profession. In choosing this profession an individual assumes. an obligation to conduct himself in accord with its ideals. PATIENCE, DELICACY AND SECRECY SEC. 2. Patience and delicacy should characterize all the acts or a physician. The confidences concerning individual or domestic life entrusted by a patient to a physician and the de-, fects of disposition or flaws of character observed in patients during medical attendance should be held as a trust and should never be revealed except when imperatively required by the laws of the state. There are occasions, however, when a physician must determine whether or not his duty to society requires him to take definite action to protect a healthy individual from becoming infected, because the physician has knowledge, obtained through the confidences entrusted to him as a physician, of a communicable disease to which the healthy individual is about to be exposed. In such a case, the physician should act as he would desire another to act toward one of his own family under like circumstances. Before he determines his course, the physician should know the civil law of his commonwealth concerning privileged communications. PROGNOSIS SEC. 3.-A physician should give timely notice of dangerous manifestations of the disease to the friends of the patient. He should neither exaggerate nor minimize the gravity of the patient's condition. He should assure himself that the patient or his friends have such knowledge of the patient's condition as will serve the best interests of the patient and the family. PATIENTS MUST NOT BE NEGLECTED SEC. 4.-A physician is free to choose whom he will He should, however, always respond to any request for his assistance in an emergency or whenever temperate public serve. opinion expects the service. Once having undertaken a case, a physician should not abandon or neglect the patient because the disease is deemed incurable; nor should he withdraw from the case for any reason until a sufficient notice of a desire to be released has been given the patient or his friends to make it possible for them to secure another medical attendant. Chapter II The Duties of Physicians to Each Other and to the Profession at Large Article I.-Duties to the Profession UPHOLD HONOR OF PROFESSION SECTION 1.-The obligation assumed on entering the profession requires the physician to comport himself as a gentleman and demands that he use every honorable means to uphold the dignity and honor of his vocation, to exalt its standards and to extend its sphere of usefulness. A physician should not base his practice on an exclusive dogma or sectarian system, for "sects are implacable despots; to accept their thraldom is to take away all liberty from one's action and thought." (Nicon, father of Galen.) MEDICAL SOCIETIES SEC. 2. In order that the dignity and honor of the medical profession may be upheld, its standards exalted, its sphere of usefulness extended, and the advancement of medical science promoted, a physician should associate himself with medical societies and contribute his time, energy and means in order that these societies may represent the ideals of the profession. DEPORTMENT SEC. 3.-A physician should be "an upright man, instructed in the art of healing." Consequently, he must keep himself pure in character and conform to a high standard of morals, and must be diligent and conscientious in his studies. "He should also be modest, sober, patient, prompt to do his whole duty without anxiety; pious without going so far as superstition, conducting himself with propriety in his profession and in all the actions of his life." (Hippocrates.) ADVERTISING SEC. 4. Solicitation of patients by physicians as individuals, or collectively in groups by whatsoever name these be called, or by institutions or organizations, whether by circulars or advertisements, or by personal communications, is unprofessional. This does not prohibit ethical institutions from a legitimate advertisement of location, physical surroundings and special classif any of patients accommodated. It is equally unprofessional to procure patients by indirection through solicitors or agents of any kind, or by indirect advertisement, or by furnishing or inspiring newspaper or magazine comments concerning cases in which the physician has been or is concerned. All other like self-laudations defy the traditions and lower the tone of any profession and so are intolerable. The most worthy and effective advertisement possible, even for a young physician, and especially with his brother physicians, is the establishment of a well-merited reputation for professional ability and fidelity. This cannot be forced, but must be the outcome of character and conduct. The publication or circulation of ordinary simple business cards, being a matter of personal taste or local custom, and sometimes of convenience, is not per se improper. As implied, it is unprofessional to disregard local customs and offend recognized ideals in publishing or circulating such cards. It is unprofessional to promise radical cures; to boast of cures and secret methods of treatment or remedies; to exhibit certificates of skill or of success in the treatment of diseases; or to employ any methods to gain the attention of the public for the purpose of obtaining patients. PATENTS AND PERQUISITES SEC. 5.—It is unprofessional to receive remuneration from patents for surgical instruments or medicines; to accept rebates on prescriptions or surgical appliances, or perquisites from attendants who aid in the care of patients. MEDICAL LAWS-SECRET REMEDIES SEC. 6. It is unprofessional for a physician to assist unqualified persons to evade legal restrictions governing the practice of medicine; it is equally unethical to prescribe or dispense secret medicines or other secret remedial agents, or manufacture or promote their use in any way. SAFEGUARDING THE PROFESSION SEC. 7.-Physicians should expose without fear or favor, before the proper medical or legal tribunals, corrupt or dishonest conduct of members of the profession. Every physician should aid in safeguarding the profession against the admission to its ranks of those who are unfit or unqualified because deficient either in moral character or education. |