tor or induce them by other means to leave his service, as it is recognized as a sure way to invite reprisal and a general demoralization of employment relations in our industry. We recognize the right of every man to use all reasonable efforts to better his condition, but also recognize that employers do one another and the employee a great wrong when they become bidders for his services.

22. Recognizing that to enable the officers of our Association most effectively to advance the interests of the industry, we must give them our unqualified confidence and trust, so long as we shall find it not misapplied, and believing that they will apply it to the interests of the industry as a whole and not for individual gain, to this end we shall promptly and fully make answer honestly to all matters of inquiry in so far as shall be in our power, and in any event we shall make answer, giving reason for our failure to furnish the information requested.

23. Since our Association is conducted for the advancement of the interests of all of its members, we shall view all questions acted upon as in the interest of all, and to the best of our ability endeavor to regulate our acts according to them.

24. When rumors or statements reach us which tend to reflect upon the honest intentions, acts or purposes of another member we shall question their correctness and feel free to frankly communicate with said member for the purpose of ascertaining the facts.

25. We shall strive for quality and service in our own establishments and use these, rather than lower prices, as selling arguments.

26. Intensive competition for business established by a competitor should be discouraged, as it has a tendency to tear down what another has built up, but competition in developing new business is to be commended and should be encouraged.

27. We shall be cautious in the purchase of equipment to increase our productive capacity and give due consideration to whether the demand for our product has been permanently increased, so as to justfy such additional equipment. We realize the evil of surplus production capacity and believe it far better to arrange with competitors to take care of each other's temporary surplus orders than to purchase additional equipment to meet a temporary need.

28. Good feeling among the manufacturers engaged in this industry is for the best interest of all concerned, therefore no producer shall judge the action or course taken by another without full knowledge of all conditions in relation to the matter in question.

Art. 4-Relations with the General Public and the Government 1. It is an improper practice to engage in any movement which is obviously contrary to law or public welfare.

2. We shall take a lively interest in all that relates to the civic welfare of our community, and shall join and support the local, civic and commercial associations. We particularly shall participate in those movements for public betterment in which our special training and experience qualify us to act.

3. We shall inform ourselves on the provisions and decisions of the income tax law, so that our annual reports will comply with the law, and be found correct in all particulars by Government inspectors.

4. We shall inform ourselves concerning the local, state and national laws regulating the compressed gas industry, and shall always co-operate with the proper authorities in the enforcement of such existing laws.

5. We shall interest ourselves in all proposed legislation affecting this industry, study its provisions, justice and fairness, and take measures, in co-operation with others, to see that the best interests and welfare of the industry are safeguarded.

6. We shall take part in any effort to secure the enactment, repeal or amendment of any local, state or federal law affecting this industry and shall give immediate notice of such action to the Secretary of the Gas Products Association.

7. Finally, we agree to maintain the highest standards. of ethical and moral practices throughout the conduct of our businesses, so as to give the public the best service and to reflect credit upon our Association and industry.

Art. 5-Relations with Customers

The

1. We shall create confidence with customers and prospective customers by deserving it. The object of rules of conduct under this section is to make satisfied customers. customer shall be informed as to the advantages of gas purity, best methods for its economical use in cutting and welding, measures to prevent accidents and all other facts which will enable him to become a more intelligent consumer.

2. We shall take advantage of no man's ignorance and shall see that employees are truthful and straightforward, and that they do not misrepresent or overcharge the confiding. We shall treat the keen and confiding buyers alike.

3. The salesman shall be trained to be more than an order-taker. He shall offer the customer suitable suggestions as to economical and efficient methods of using gas and cutting

and welding apparatus, learn his requirements, and then give the customer the benefit of his experience and advice, so that he may buy wisely.

4. There shall be one price for all for like quality, quantity and term of contract.

5. Equal service shall be given to customers, whether they are large or small purchasers.

6. The custom of giving out-of-the-ordinary service is not good practice. A fair remuneration shall be charged for such transactions.

7. In the matter of complaints, errors shall be frankly admitted, adjustments made cheerfully and the customer given the benefit of any doubt.

8. Broken promises destroy confidence. We shall be accurate in our printed or oral word, whether they be in letter, advertising, part of a sales talk or in general conversation with customers or others. Accuracy is not only the absence of actual mis-statement, but also the presence of any facts which will prevent the hearer or reader taking a wrong inference or making an

incorrect deduction.

9. Any wilful misrepresentation as to market conditions or supply to justify prices charged is unethical.

10. Advertisements which are false, or have a tendency to mislead or which do not convey the whole truth, or which do not conform to business integrity are unethical. Neither should advertising be in an undignified or sensational manner.

11. The giving of prizes, premiums, souvenirs or any other gifts as a free inducement to trade is unwise. It lowers the standard of the business. Sales shall be made on a basis of quality and intrinsic value.

Art. 6-Making and Execution of Contracts

The rules of conduct under this section have as their object the regulation of contracts between all of the parties mentioned in the code; to wit, the employer and employee, buyer and seller, and others.

1. Contracts shall be made so that all of the parties to the contract are mutually benefited.

2. A contract shall be simple in offer and acceptance, sufficiently formal to be valid, with the consideration concisely expressed and with an object unquestionably legal. It shall avoid obscure language, useless verbiage and the inclusion of so-called "joker" clauses.

3. We shall never sign a contract without reading it.

4. We shall refuse to sign a contract the provisions of which are not mutually beneficial.

5. The terms of the contract shall be carried out according to the spirit as well as the letter of the agreement.

6. The word of mouth contract is as valid as the written contract and must be faithfully carried out.

7. We shall always uphold the honor and integrity of our industry by faithful performance of all the provisions of the contract, both written and verbal, which we make or which are made by authorized agents in our employ.

8. Specifications accompanying a contract shall not only state the quantities, qualities and a complete description of articles specified, but also clearly define the trade terms used or trade names and customs understood to be part of the specifications.

9. It is unethical to cover possible oversights and errors in either contracts or specifications by indefinite clauses or clauses which are capable of two interpretations.

Art. 7-Observance of This Code of Ethics

The active and associate members shall at all times seek to elevate the standards of this industry by practicing the ethical standards set forth in this code, and be enthusiastic in inspiring others in the business to do likewise.

Each individual who conducts his own business so that his honor will never be besmirched by his own acts or omissions will aid in maintaining the honor of the entire industry.

The adoption of this code by the Gas Products Association places an obligation on all its members to sincere and faithful performance of the rules of conduct so set down.

GRAIN

GRAIN DEALERS NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

Adopted 1902; amended Oct. 3, 1923; samples given:

TRADE RULES

Rule 5. Time of Shipment or Delivery: In making contracts, a specific time in which shipment or delivery is to be made shall be mentioned. Any given number of days shall mean calendar days excluding date of sale in which to load and ship grain to apply on a sale for shipment, or to deliver at the agreed destination, grain sold for delivery.

The word ship when used in the rules shall mean that shipping instructions shall have been filed with the Railroad Company by the shipper.

Grain to apply on a sale for shipment must be actually loaded, and billing instructions must be furnished the Railroad Company in accordance with the custom then in vogue at the shipping point.

When the words, immediate, quick and prompt are used, the following meanings shall be implied: "Immediate," Three Days; "Quick," Five Days; "Prompt," Ten Days.

Where no specifications as to time of shipment are named in the contract, Prompt shipment shall be implied....

Rule 7. Incomplete Shipments: When the seller finds that he will not be able to complete a contract within the agreed limit, it shall be his duty at once to advise the buyer by mail, telephone or telegraph, whereupon it shall be the duty of the buyer at once to elect either to buy in or to cancel the deficit, or, with the consent of the shipper, to extend the contract to cover the said deficit.

If the seller fail to notify the buyer of his inability to complete his contract, as above provided, the liability of the seller shall continue, until the buyer, by the exercise of due diligence, can determine whether the seller has defaulted, when the buyer shall immediately (a) agree with the seller upon an extension of the contract to cover the deficit (b) cancel the contract outright, or (c) buy in the deficit for the sellers' account.

Rule 8. Incomplete Delivery: When the seller fails to complete a contract for delivery, within the agreed time, it shall be the duty of the buyer immediately to extend, buy-in, or cancel the deficit, said deficit to be determined by the quantity already