gality: that is, waste neither time nor money, but make the best use of both. Without industry and frugality, nothing will do, and with them, every thing. He that gets all he can honestly, and saves all he gets, will certainly become rich-if that Being, who governs the world, to whom all should look for a blessing on their honest endeavors, doth not, in his wise providence, otherwise determine.

3 LOW PITCH is that which is heard when the voice falls below the common speaking key. It is used in expressing reverence, awe, sublimity, and tender emotions; as,

1. 'Tis midnight's holy hour, and silence now

2.

Is brooding, like a gentle spirit, o'er

The still and pulseless world. Hark! on the winds
The bells' deep tones are swelling;-'tis the knell
Of the departed year. No funeral train

Is sweeping past, yet, on the stream and wood,
With melancholy light, the moonbeams rest,
Like a pale, spotless shroud; the air is stirr'd
As by a mourner's sigh; and on yon cloud,
That floats so still and placidly through heaven,
The spirits of the seasons seem to stand.

Softly woo away her breath,
Gentle Death!

Let her leave thee with no strife,
Tender, mournful, murmuring Life!
She hath seen her happy day:

She hath had her bud and blossom:
Now she pales and sinks away,
Earth, into thy gentle bosom!

EXERCISE ON PITCH.

Select a sentence, and deliver it on as low a key as possible; then repeat it, gradually elevating the pitch, until the top of the voice shall have been reached; when the exercise may be reversed. So valuable is this exercise, that it should be repeated as often as possible.

FORCE.

FORCE is the volume or loudness of voice, used on the same key or pitch, when reading or speaking.

Though the degrees of force are numerous, varying from a soft whisper to a shout, yet they may be considered as three: LOUD, MODERATE, and GENTLE.

1. LOUD FORCE is used in strong, but suppressed pas sions, and in emotions of sorrow, grief, respect, veneration, dignity, apathy, and contrition; as,

1.

2.

3.

How like a fawning publican he looks!
I hate him, for that he is a Christian.

If I but catch him once upon the hip,

I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him.
Slowly and sadly we laid him down,

From the field of his fame fresh and gōry;
We carved not a line, and we raised not a stone,
But we left him alone in his glory!

O thou that with surpassing glory crown'd
Look'st from thy sole dominion, like the God
Of this new world; at whose sight all the stars
Hide their diminish'd heads; to thee I call,
But with no friendly voice, and add thy name,
O Sun, to tell thee how I hate thy beams,
That bring to my remembrance from what state
I fell, how glorious once above thy sphere;
Till pride and worse ambition threw me down,
Warring in heaven against heaven's matchless King.

2. MODERATE FORCE, or a medium degree of loudness, is used in ordinary assertion, narration, and description; as,

1. Remember this saying, "The good paymaster is lord of another man's purse." He that is known to pay punctually, and exactly at the time he promises, may, at any time, and on any occasion, raise all the money his friends can spare. This is sometimes of great use. After in'dustry and frugality, nothing

contributes more to the raising of a young man in the world, than punctuality and justice in all his dealings; therefore, never keep borrowed money an hour beyond the time you promised, lěst a disappointment shut up your friend's purse forever.

2. If the Bible should perish out of our language, it could almost be gathered up again, in substance, from out of our hymns-that take flight from the very period of creation, and fold their wings only when they touch the crystal battlements. When the birds begin to look from the north southward, in autumnal weather, a few, springing from the reeds and shrubs of Labrador, begin the aërial car'avan, and, as they wind southward, out of every tree and every copse, from orchard and garden, come forth new singers, increasing in numbers at every furlong, until at length, coming down from their high pathways in innumerable flocks, they cover provinces and fill forests, and are heard triumphing through unfrosted orchards, amidst the vines, the olives, and the oranges, with such wondrous bursts of song, that, as one lies between sleep and waking, he might think the Advent renewed, and God's angels to be in the air. And so it has pleased us often, in thought, to liken the rise, and spread, and flight, and multitude of hymns that have come down from the beginnings of time into God's pleasant gardens and vineyards, in our days, increasing as they flew. Only, there is no bird that can sing like a hymn. There are no meanings in all the mingled sounds of all the singers of the grove, or hedge, or lawn, like the voices of hymns that utter all the mysteries of Christ's love in the human soul.

3. GENTLE FORCE, or a slight degree of loudness, is used to express caution, fear, secrecy, and tender emotions; as,

1.

2.

Heard ye the whisper of the breeze,

As softly it murmur'd by,

Amid the shadowy forest trees?

It tells, with meaning sigh,

Of the bowers of bliss on that viewless shore,
Where the weary spirit shall sin no more.
They are sleeping! Who are sleeping!
Pause a moment-softly tread;

Anxious friends are fondly keeping
Vigils by the sleeper's bed!
Other hopes have all for aken :
One remains that sl mber deep:
Speak not, lest the slumberer waken
From that sweet, that saving sleep.

EXERCISE ON FORCE.

Select a sentence, and deliver it on a given key, with voice just sufficient to be heard: then gradually increase the quantity, until the whole power of the voice is brought into play. Reverse the process, without change of key, ending with a whisper. This exercise is so valuable that it can not be too frequently repeated.

QUALITY.

QUALITY has reference to the kinds of tone used in reading and speaking. They are the PURE TONE, the OROTUND, the ASPIRATED, the GUTTURAL, and the TREM

BLING.

1. THE PURE TONE is a clear, smooth, round, flowing sound, accompanied with moderate pitch; and is used to express peace, cheerfulness, joy, and love; as,

1.

2.

Methinks I love all common things;

The common air, the common flower;

The dear, kind, common thought, that springs
From hearts that have no other dower,

No other wealth, no other power,

Save love; and will not that repay
For all else fortune tears away?
It is the hour, when from the boughs
The nightingale's high note is heard;
It is the hour when lovers' vows

Seem sweet in every whisper'd word;
And gentle winds, and waters near,
Make music to the lonely ear.
Each flower the dews have lightly wet.

And in the sky the stars are met,
And on the wave is deeper blue,

And on the leaf a browner hue,

And in the heaven that clear obscure,
So softly dark, and darkly pure,

Which follows the decline of day,

As twilight melts beneath the moon away.

2. THE OROTUND is the pure tone deepened, enlarged, and intensified. It is used in all energetic and vehement forms of expression, and in giving utterance to grand and sublime emotions; as,

1.

Strike-till the last arm'd foe expires;
STRIKE-for your altars and your fires;

STRIKE for the green graves of your sires;
GOD-and your native land!

2. The sky is changed! and such a change! O Night,
And Storm, and Darkness, ye are wondrous strong,
Yet lovely in your strength, as is the light
Of a dark eye in woman! Far along,
From peak to peak, the rattling crags among,
Leaps the live thunder!-not from one lone cloud,
But every mountain now hath found a tongue;
And Jura answers, through her misty shroud,
Back to the joyous Alps, who call to her aloud!
Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more;
Or close the wall up with our English dead.
Oh, when the blast of war blows in our ears,
Then imitate the action of the tiger:
Stiffen the sinews--summon up the blood-
Disguise fair nature with hard-favor'd rage;
Then lend the eye a terrible aspect;

8

Ay, set the teeth and stretch the nostrils wide,
Hold hard the breath, and bend up every spirit
To its full height!-On, on, you noble English,
Whose blood is set from fathers of war-proof!
Cry, Heaven for Harry, England, and St. George!

3. THE ASPIRATED TONE is an expulsion of the breath