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one that the housekeeper can well investigate. It is, however, one she must continually bear in mind. Matter and energy can never be created or destroyed; both may be transformed, and may therefore appear in many different ways. The voltaic cell is a simple device for transforming chemical energy into electrical force. The chemical affinity of two substances causes them to unite under the right conditions. This union results in the liberation of energy, which may appear as heat, light, or electricity. When coal and oxygen unite, we get both heat and light as a result. Chemical union usually produces heat. The energy of our bodies we get solely from the food we absorb. We should eat such foods as best give us the needed energy, and we should learn to expend this energy wisely, as we have but a limited. amount of it. One student wisely comments upon this, as follows:

"In the economic plan of housekeeping, it would be well if each one would endeavor to realize that she is a part of the machinery of the household, and that to be continually on the move is as disastrous to the equilibrium of the home as it is to rust, as it were, for want of use. A given amount of rest each day is a true part of economy. Then, too, in the daily regime, there are ways and ways of doing things. Always choose the easiest, if it conflicts not with the quality of the work done. For example, do not stand while paring potatoes, apples, etc. It is just

as easy to do this work sitting, and you can then get some rest at the same time. Don't worry—to worry is a very extravagant thing, for it uses up valuable force, and does no good at all."

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chemistry of Cooking and Cleaning, Richards and Elliott, ($1.00, postage 8c.)

Chemistry of Daily Life, Lassar-Cohn.

IOC.)

($1.50, postage

Chemistry of Plant and Animal Life, Snyder. ($1.25, postage Ioc.)

Chemistry of Cooking, Williams. ($1.50, postage 12c.) Chemistry of Common Life, Johnston. ($2.00, postage

16c.)

Chemistry of Life and Health. C. W. Kimmins. ($1.00, postage Ioc.)

First Lessons in Food and Diet, Ellen H. Richards. (30c., postage 4c.)

Laboratory Notes in Household Chemistry, H. T. Vulte and G. A. Goodell.

Laundry Work, Juniata L. Sheppard. (50c., postage 6c.) Story of a Lump of Coal, Martin. (35c., postage 4c.) Sanitary and Applied Chemistry, Bailey. ($1.40, postage

I2C.)

Elements of Chemistry, R. P. Williams. ($1.10, postage IOC.)

An Introduction to General Chemistry, Smith. ($1.25, postage 12c.)

Essentials of Chemical Physiology, Halliburton. ($1.50, postage 14c.)

First Course in Physics, Millikan and Gale. ($1.25, postage 14c.)

Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Ira Remsen. ($1.20, postage 12c.)

Organic Industrial Chemistry, S. P. Sadtler. ($5.00 postage 28c.)

U. S. GOVERNMENT BULLETINS

Industrial Alcohol: Sources and Manufacture. Farmers' Bulletin No. 268 (free).

Industrial Alcohol: Uses and Statistics. Farmers' Bulletin No. 269 (free).

Modern Conveniences for the Farm Home. Farmers' Bulletin No. 270 (free).

Composition of American Food Material. Bulletin No. 28. Office of Experiment Station. (Price 5c.)

Some Forms of Food Adulteration and Simple Methods for their Detection. Bulletin No. 100, Bureau of Chemistry. (Price 10c.)

Arsenic in Wall Paper and Fabrics Bureau of Chemistry. (Price 5c)

Bulletin No. 86,

Chemical Composition of Apples and Cider. Bulletin No. 88, Bureau of Chemistry. (Price 5c.)

Note. For the free bulletins, send to the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; to obtain the for sale bulletins, send coin or money order to the Superintendent of Documents Washington, D. C.

SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAM ARRANGED FOR CLASS

STUDY ON

CHEMISTRY OF THE HOUSEHOLD

BY MAURICE LEBOSQUET, S. B.

Director, American School of Home Economics

As in the study of chemistry and physics so much emphasis is placed on laboratory work, the following supplementary program is made up chiefly of simple experiments, such as may be performed with little or no apparatus. When heat is required, it may be supplied by a small gas stove, a one burner oil stove, or an alcohol lamp. The lamp of a chafing dish might be used. A thermometer will be loaned by the School for 6 cents postage, or one may be purchased for 50 cents.

Water

MEETING I
(Study pages 1-29)

To show that ordinary water has gases dissolved in it. See experiment on page 2. The gas dissolved in water is not exactly of the same composition as air. It usually contains more oxygen and more carbon dioxide than ordinary atmospheric air, varying somewhat with the sources of the water. This dissolved gas enables fish and other marine animals to live. A fish cannot live in water that has lost its dissolved air by being boiled. It is drowned just as human beings are, because of lack of oxygen.

Water of Crystallization

Make crystals as described on page 5. A certain definite amount of water is present in the crystals which varies with each substance. Clear crystals are pure or nearly so. "mother liquor" remaining after the crystals are formed

The

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