Difference, Method of, used by savages, | Druids, 237
Diffusion of myths, 260 Dining-table, etiquette of, 92 Dinkas, do not kill their cows, 116; their natural affection, 200 Διόνυσος ἔνδενδρος, 200 Dionysus, syncretised with vegetation- spirit, 236; in mythology, 255 ff.; and the ivy, 209; supernatural powers of his worshippers, 274, 283; in private mysteries, 342; identified with Oriental gods in the private mysteries, 352 ff.
Dionysus Asymnetes, his λápvač taboo,
Dioscuri, primitive altar of, 132 Disease, savage theory of, 44; remedies for, 44, 45; sent by spirits, 110; and as punishment by gods, 111; cured by spirits of streams and wells, 232; an occasion for renewing the bond between gods and man, 237 Disutility, 243
Divination, water used for, 229, 289; how gods of, arise, 242-3 Divine right, 285 Djinn, 224 Dog-clan, 125
Dogs, reluctance to feed on, 118; associated with Lares, 187; with Hecate, ib.; as totem animal, devours corpses, 203-4; as totem, 209; ancestor of the Kalang, 253 Doll of sorrow, 49; of dough, 215-6 Dolphin, friendly, 253
Domesticated auimals, originally to- tems, 156; property of the tribe, 157; sacrificed at first rarely, then more often, 157 Domesticated plants, 210 ff. Domestication of plants and animals, the starting-point of civilisation, 113; due not to "amusement" but to totemism, 114, 117; which taught the savage the lesson of abstinence, 115; reluctance to kill or domesticated animals survives, 117, 118; domestication the uninten- tional effect of totemism, 118, 119; geographical distribution of domesticable animals, 120; domesti- cation fatal to totemism, ib. Dough, eaten sacramentally, 215-9 Drama, sacred, in the Eleusinia, 372-3 Dravidians, tree and plant totems, 207 Dreams, how they affect the savage's conception of personality, 43; as a means of choosing a guardian spirit,
Dryads, originally tree totems, 208; not absorbed by the greater gods, 238 Dusans (the) of Borneo, use the Method of Difference, 29 Dwarf-houses, 50
Dyaks, new-born children prey of evil spirits, 76; mourning taboo, 77; next world, 310 Dyaus, 239
EAR of corn, preserved from harvest to spring, 364. See Corn, Sheaf Ear-rings, their origin, 172 Earth, agriculturist's dependence on,
Earthly Paradise, 304
Easter, a festival in the primitive agricultural calendar, 228; rites of the green corn (or maize) celebrated,
Eating an animal to acquire its qualities, 31; eating earth in honour of the god, 64; eating fetish, 64; eating with and of the god, 149, 151; with the god, 157, 158; joint eating a bond of fellowship with men and gods, 159, 160; eating con- stitutes a sacred bond, 330, 369 Eclipses, myths about, 261 Eden, 264
Edgar, King, attacks stone-worship, 143 Egyptians (ancient), 30; blood not to be shed, 74; totemism, 121 ff.; cannibalism, 202; kings divine, 275; next world, 302, 309-12; metempsychosis, 315-7, 319, 320, 322-3. See Aalu, Apepi, Apis, Batta, Book of the Dead, Calf-god, Chepera, Ka, Memphis, Mendes, Meroe, Nut, Osiris, Ra, Sakkarah, Thebes
Eiresione, youths dressed as women, 241; carried in procession, 255 Eleusinia, λιθοβολία, 2922. See Mysteries
Eleusis, its synoikismos with the Athenian state, 364 Eleutheræ, 2561
Ellice Island, altar and pillar, 134 Elohim, 385
Elysian plains, 313 Elysium, 321, 324 Embalming, 49 'Huépaι ȧπoppades, 67 Emotion, in religion, 409, 411 Empedocles, on myths, 267, 320-1 Encounter Bay, 306
Ethiopians, war paint, 349; (the righteous), 313
Etiquette, 86, 92 Εὐδαίμων, 187 Euripides, 321 Europa, 251
Euryphylus, violated taboo, 60 Everlasting punishment, 375 Evoe Saboe, 340
Evolution, does it apply to religion? 5; E. universal, progress exceptional, 5, 38; applied to religion (or art) does not involve the inference that religion (or art) is mere barbarism, 9, 10; and progress not identical, 88; of taboo, 88, 89; in religion, 382, 386-7; not synonymous with progress, 394-5
Ewe-speaking peoples, believe that the soul occasionally returns to the body, 45; tempt the soul of the deceased to return, 46; funeral lamentations, 47; ghosts harm strangers only, 53; sacred python taboo, 60; sacred python communi- cates taboo, 63; taboo-days, 65; royal blood may not be shed, 73; mourners taboo, 77; lightning-god, 77; mourners, 78, 79; sacrificial meal, 158; sacrifices to the dead, 195 Experience, sole test of truth in religion as well as science, 10; did not teach man what effects he could and what he could not produce, 33; not the base of taboo, 85, 87 External world. See World
Face, painting of, 350-1 Faculty theory, 401 Fairies, taboo to see, 60 Fairy-tales, reflect primitive man's ignorance of natural laws, 16; their origin, 253-4
Faith, the foundation of science as well as of religion, 10, 17; inter- woven with every act of reason, 406; in religion, 407; in science, ib. Fallacies. See Error
Family, the, a later institution than the clan, 180, 188; does not come into existence until after nomad times, 195
Family affections, strong amongst savages, 46 ff.; continued in death, 53; and suggest friendly relations with supernatural spirits, 54, 55 Family gods, 164; how obtained, ib.; from the gods of the community, 180; and vice versâ, 181; or from guardian spirits, ib.; amongst Semites, 186; in Rome, ib.; in Greece, 187, 188
Fantis attribute their victory over the Ashantis to a hitherto unknown god, 21; on ghosts, 49; their con- federation, 239
Far-off Land, 297 ff.; origin of belief in, 298-9
Fasting, of mourners, 57, 77; of mothers after child-birth, 65; to appease guardian-spirit, 183; in Eleusinia, 365, 368
Fat substitute for blood, 285 Fatherhood, of God, 108, 109, 139 Fawn-skin, in mysteries, 338, 351 Fear not the only occasion on which the belief in the supernatural mani- fests itself, 20 ff.; alleged to be the "natural "" sentiment towards the dead, 46; of deceased not source of mourning-taboo, 58; nor of taboo generally, 80, 81; of spirits, 105; counteracted by alliance with a god, 105, 106; not the only feeling felt to- wards spirits, 106; not the origin of religion, 106, 107, 109; a necessary element in education, 110; of super- natural powers, 166; of punishment indispensable in education, 190; not the source of the rites of the dead, 192; not the reason why implements are buried with the deceased, 205; not the core of worship, 225; of the supernatural felt by the savage, 233
Fetish and idol, 25; eating f., 64 Fetishism, the word feitiço wrongly applied by the Portuguese to tutelary deities, 166, 167; extended by De Brosses to anything worshipped, 167; by Bosman to things known to be inanimate yet worshipped, 167, 168; now useless for scientific purposes, 169; idol not an elabor- ated fetish, ib.; a degeneration of religion, 247; the outcome of poly- theism, 389
Fig-trees, sacred, 208
Fiji, affection for dead, 49; the sick taboo, 69; chiefs taboo, ib.; mourn- ing, 80; mutilation in honour of the dead, 191; priest "possessed," 274; western world, 306
Filial relation of clansmen to clan-god, 108, 109
Fingers cut off as offerings, 170; cut
off in honour of the dead, 191 Fire, the first, 15; purification by, 365, 368; a genus capable of totem- istic worship, 229, 230; purificatory powers of, 230; offerings cast into, 230-1; fires as offerings, 231-2; passing through, 380; not to be kindled on taboo days, 65 First-born, sacrifice of, 295-6 Fittest, survival of, 38; to survive not necessarily the highest, 394-5 Flamen Dialis, 271
Flint implements, their purpose as certained by Comparative Method, 2, 3; the first ever made, 15 Flood-myths, 262 Florida, 311
Floris Islands, cannibalism, 202 Folk-lore, 268, 369
Food, not inherently taboo, 69; may be "infected by mourners and other tabooed persons, 69, 70; totem taboo as, 102; survival of the taboo, 118; remnants of, used to injure the eater, 151; dangerous to others, 154; required by the dead, 194 Forculus, 246 Formalism, 89
Fortunate Isles, 312-3
Fowls, not eaten in England in Caesar's time, 117; nor by the Battas,
Francis Island, cannibalism, 202 Free will, 402
Friends clansmen, 54
Fumigation of strangers, 71 Functional deities, 246-7
Funeral feasts, 45-7; feasts not originally acts of worship, 56
GABOON negroes, will not part with their hair, 45
Garments, removed lest they be tabooed, 64, 67, 92; tabooed by mourning, 66 Gautama. See Gotama Gazelle as totem, 128 Genesis, see Monotheism, 5; does it say that monotheism was revealed? 7 Genius, no law of its distribution, 94, 396; guardian spirit, 186; associated with animals, ib.; of Ti. Gracchus, ib.; man suffers as animal genius suffers, ib.; familiar spirit, a survival of animal genius, 187 Genius tutelaris, 208 Ghab-ghab, 133
Ghonds, tree-burial, 210 Ghosts, feared only if strangers, 53, 54; not always credited with supernatural powers, 55; send sickness, 190; do not acquire supernatural powers until a relatively late time, 196; not the original gods, 197-8; linger in neigh- bourhood of survivors, 298; follow their favourite occupations in ghost- land, 303
Ghost-land, belief in, philosophical, 302 Giant who had no heart in his body, 17 Gift-theory of sacrifice, 204-5, 224-5, 330-1, 333
Girls. See Women Glaucothea, 342 Goats, 351
GOD, name of, taboo, 61; the divine essence, 311; existence of, denied by Buddha, 319; the Unknown, 332
Gods, defined, 104; a god fights for his clan, 108; the god of the com- munity, 160; gods distinguished from other supernatural powers, 166; have a definite circle of worshippers, 169; strange gods, 173 ff.; worship ceases when clan dissolves, 181; feast with their worshippers, 194; killing of the, 216, 255, 291-6; gods are friendly powers, 225; themselves the victims offered to themselves, 231; how their number was increased, 234, 239; originally had no proper names, 236; how affected by polytheism, 242, 249;
Gônda, probably same as Padæi, 202 Gotama, 318 ff.
Gourd, serves as medicine-bag, 184 Grave-posts, carved in totem form, 103; made into human form, 196 Graveyards haunted, 302 Greece, Apaturia, 51; ancestor-worship in, 56; mourners tabooed, 57; water used for purification, 80; purifica- tion, 80; totemism in, 125; blood dashed on altar, 132; hair-offering, 171, blood-offering, ib.; unattached spirits become gods, 176; sacred species of plants, 208; images on trees, 209; priesthood in, 270. See Achilles, Acropolis, Actors, Es- chines, Eschylus, 'Aya@ds dalμwv, Agave, ̓Αγείρειν, Αγορά, Agyrta, Anaxagoras, 'AvTTÓTodes, Apaturia, Aphrodite, Apollo, 'Aπоoрádes, Arcadia, 'Apxepaviors, 'Apxiliaσlтns, Aristophanes, Arion, Artemis, Athênê, Athens, Bacchæ, Bacchus, Βαλλήτης, Baptæ, Βασιλεύς, Βωμός, Bóopos, Bovpovia, Ceos, Charonea, Χαλαζοφύλακες, Χαμαιεῦναι, Chryses, Citians, Crete, Cylon, Cynada, Cyprus, Aaluwv, Deiras, Delphi, Demeter, Demosthenes, Diasia, Dionysus, Alos Kotov, Dioscuri, Dryads, Eiresione, Eleusinia, Eleusis, Eleutheræ, Elis, Elysian Plains, Elysium, Empedocles, Ephesians, Epimelêtæ, Epimenides, Episcopi, Erani, Erinyes, 'Eoxápa, Εὐδαίμων, Europa, Euryphylus, Evoe Saboe, Glaucothea, l'oval, Hades, Hecate, Helios, Hera, Her- acles, Hermes, Hesiod, Hesperides, Hestiaseis, Hierophant, Hymn, Hyes, Iacchus, Iepá, 'Ieporotot, Ioxidæ, Isocrates, Κλάδος, Κλῆρος, Kore, Kotytis, Κρατηρίζων, Κυκεών, Aápvas, Laureion, Leda, Leucas, Leukippides, Autoßolia, Locrians, Lupercalia, Mávris, Meilichioi, Mên,
Menelaus, Múnois, Mycena, Myr- midons, Mysteries, Naids, Naó popol, Νεβρίζων, Νόμος, Odysseus, Όλβιος, Olympia, Olympus, Onomacritus, Orgeones, Orion, Pallas, IIávoтερμа, Pentheus, Persephone, Petelia, Pharæ, Φάρμακος, Φηγαιείς, Phocians, Phoebus, Pindar, Pisistratus, Plato, Plutarch, Πολέμαρχος, Potidæa, Prometheus, Proteus, npio μara, Pyanepsion, Pythagoreanism, Reiti, Sabazios, Salamis, Selli, Semele, Seriphos, Sicily, Sicyon, Solon, Spartans, Syria, Telliês, Téuevos, Thebes, Θεοί, Θεοφόροι, Θέος, Thes. mophoria, Thessalians, Thiasi, Thu- rii, Tpaya, Tronis, Troy, Xanthos, Ebava, Zagreus, Zeus
Ground, tabooed where taboo persons step, 62, cf. 73-6. See Soil Guardian spirits, derived from the community's gods, 180, 181; but not always, 182; but always like them, 182; fasting a preliminary to choosing them, ib.; the in- dividual totem, 182; the medicine- bag, 183, or a skin, ib., or a wooden idol, 184; in case of plant totems, a calabash or gourd serves, 184; sacrifice offered, 183, 184; in Old World, 185-8; as genius, 186; as familiar spirit, 187; as daiμoves, ib.; connected with ancestor - wor- ship, 187
Guatemaltecs, guardian spirits, 186 Guaycorous, name of dead taboo, 61 Guiana, mourning, 80; feuds with
tapirs, 100, 101; dread of super- natural spirits, 105; priests, 288, 290
Guilt, cause of calamity, 160; sense of, relatively late, 199 Guinea negroes, talk with their dead, 48; preserve their bodies, 49 Gulcheman, 299, 306 Gulchinam, 306 Gungung Danka, 299
HADES, underground, 299; of Homer not a "fault," 3031; entrance in the west, 307; (the god), 324, 327; in Eleusis, 368 ff.
Haidah Indians, cure for sickness, 45; divine kings, 290
Hair, clippings of, buried, 29; seat of life and strength, 45; to be removed before or after entering on a taboo state, 78, 79; instead of blood-offer- ing, 170, 171; of Thlinkeet shamán not cut, 288
Hair-offerings, to the dead, at first to| prevent transmission of taboo, then interpreted as offerings in honour of deceased, 193-4, 220 Hand-cakes, 219
Hands, defiled by things sacred, 66; by taboo persons, 70; by wives,
Happiness, future, 375; on what con- ditional, 376 Harith, 128
Harvest-customs, 212 Hasan of Bassorah, 259
Hawai, ghosts detained in, 48; sacri- ficial meal, 147, 149 Hay, the plant called, 72 Heart-life, spirit, 213 Heaven, 308
Heavenly bodies, not worshipped on Gold Coast, 191; light of, renewed by Sympathetic Magic, 32; myths about, 32
Hebrews, primitive altar, 133, 134; sacrificial meal, 150, 159; blood- offerings and tatooing in honour of the dead forbidden, 193; forbidden to mix blood with leavened bread, 219, 220; their cosmogony, 264-5; their poverty in myths, 266; next world, 299; have a "jealous" god, 315; more spiritual view of sacrifice, 329
Hecate, associated with dog in Greece, 187; in the H. to Demeter, 370 Helios, 370
Hell, 298, 308, 310, 317
Hestiator, 159
Hierophant, 380
Hinde, Captain, 201-2
Hispaniola, unattached spirits become gods, 176 Hobbes, 152
Hole left in tomb to facilitate exit of soul, 50
Holiness, infection of, 62, 65 Holy days, 65-7; holy places, taboo yet entered, 154; holy things, taboo, 59; holy water, 40 Homeric Hades not a "fault," 3031; Hymn to Demeter, date of, 363; the mythology of, 363 ff.; analysis of, 377-81 Honduras, sickness due to sin, 111
Horses, reluctance to feed on, 118; sacrificed to sun and sea, 230; offered to sun, 235
Hos, invite the dead to return, 48 Host, 219
Hottentots, renew the light of the moon, 32; shedder of (animal) blood taboo, 74; mode of execution, 292 House-father, 196
Hudson's Island, all slaughter is sacri- fice, 159
Huitzilopochtli, 217
Human sacrifice, 156, 161; appears in the rites for the dead earlier than in the ritual of the gods, 199; relatively a late intrusion in the latter, 200; in the former, due not to fear of ghost, but desire to provide him with service, 200
Humboldt Bay, Papuans of, eat not with strangers, 71
Humility, essential to progress, 406 Hunting stage, 156
Hurd Islands, altar-pillar, 134 Hurons, 299 Hyes Attes, 340
Hymn to Demeter, Analysis of, 377-81 Hyperboreans, 313 Hypothesis, in savage logic, 32; yields myths, 32
IACCHUS, identified with Dionysus, 352 ff.; introduced into the Eleusinia, 371 ff.
Icelanders, funeral feasts, 51 Iddah, 284
Idol, supposed to be an elaborated fetish, 24; smeared with blood, 135; not an elaborated fetish, 169; made of skin, 285
Idolatry, unknown in Fiji and amongst savages generally, 138
Ἱερὰ πάτρια, πατρῷα, 187 Ἱεροποιοί, 3362
Illness. See Sickness, Disease Image, of the god, 286, 293 Immersion, 229
Imperatives, categorical and hypo- thetical, 84, 85
Impurity. See Uncleanness Inattention, Systematic, the cause of religious degeneration, 8 Incas, suppress stone worship, 142; revered like gods, 275. See Peru Incidents, do not make a tale, 253 Incredulity of the savage, 36 India, blood not to be shed, 74; tree- totemism, 210; next world, 309, 310; divine kings, 275. See Bhogaldai
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