THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY is published by The_Classical Association of the Atlantic States, weekly, on Satur days, from October 1 to May 31 inclusive, except in weeks in which there is a legal or school holiday, at Barnard College, Broadway and 120th St., New York City. All persons within the territory of the Association who are interested in the language, the literature, the life and the art of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, whether actually engaged in teaching the Classics or not, are eligible to membership in the Association. Application for membership may be made to the Secretary-Treasurer, Charles Knapp, Barnard College, New York. The annual dues (which cover also the subscription to THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY), are two dollars. Within the territory covered by the Association (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia) subscription is possible to individuals only through membership in The Classical Association of the Atlantic States. To institutions in this territory the subscription price is one dollar per year. Outside the territory of the Association the subscription price of THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY is one dollar per year. Managing Editor CHARLES KNAPP, Barnard College, Columbia University Associate Editors CHARLES E. BENNETT, Cornell University WALTER DENNISON, Swarthmore College WALTON B. MCDANIEL, University of Pennsylvania B. L. ULLMAN, University of Pittsburgh H. H. YEAMES, Hobart College Business Manager CHARLES KNAPP, Barnard College, New York City Communications, articles, reviews, books for review, queries, etc., inquiries concerning subscriptions and advertising, back numbers or extra numbers, notices of change of address, etc., should be sent to Charles Knapp, Barnard College, New York City. Single copies 10 cents. Extra numbers, 10 cents each; $1.00 per dozen. Printed by Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J. Coming Articles in THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY The Direct Method By J. F. K. Schmidt Latin in the Seventh and the Eighth Grades in California and the Methods By Frank S. Bunnell The High School Greek Teacher: His Obligation and His Opportunity By Jane G. Carter Another Experiment with the Direct Method in Greek VOL. VII University Stanford FEB 13 11 Library SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1914 No. 15 CORNELL STUDIES in CLASSICAL PHILOLOGY Edited by Charles Edwin Bennett, John Robert Sitlington Sterrett and George Prentice Bristol I. The CUM Constructions: their history and functions, by William Gard- (Out of Print.) X. The Athenian Archons of the Third and Second Centuries Before XIII. The Subjunctive Substantive Clauses in Plautus, not including Indi- III. The Cult of Asklepios, by Alice Walton, 1894. (Out of Print.) (Price 80 cts.) (Price 50 cts.) (Price 50 cts.) V. Index Antiphonteus: composuit Frank Lovis van Cleef, 1895. (Price 50 cts.) (Price 75 cts.) (Price $1.00.) (Price $1.00.) (Price 80 cts.) (Price 60 cts.) XV. The Case-Construction after the Comparative in Latin, by K. P. R. (Price 60 cts.) XVI. The Epigraphical Evidence for the Reigns of Vespasian and Titus, by (Price 80 cts.) XVII. Erichthonius and the three Daughters of Cecrops, by Benjamin (Price 60 cts.) XVIII. Index to the Fragments of the Greek Elegiac and Iambic Poets, as Contained in the Hiller-Crusius Edition of Bergk's Anthologia Lyrica, by Mary Corwin Lane, 1908. XIX. The Poetic Plural of Greek Tragedy, by Horace L. Jones, 1910. (Price 80 cts.) (Price 80 cts.) LONGMANS, GREEN & CO., 443 Fourth Avenue, NEW YORK PEARSON'S Essentials of Latin for Beginners By HENRY C. PEARSON, Principal, Horace Mann Elementary Price, $1.00 PERFECTLY simple and clear, yet exact and scholarly. Makes first year Latin study more profitable and more pleasant, because better conceived, better organized, and better directed. PEARSON'S Essentials of Latin for Beginners has been revised and improved in accordance with the suggestions of many experienced teachers who have used it. All the changes made have been carefully scrutinized by Dr. Charles Knapp, of Columbia University, the Managing Editor of THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY. American Book Company NEW YORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO BOSTON BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION A well graded elementary course in Greek Composition, based mainly upon Xenophon's "Anabasis", Book I. The Greek sentences in each lesson are arranged in easy progression with parallel Latin sentences as a help in the comparison of Greek and Latin idiom. References to the most important principles of syntax illustrated in the basal text furnish a systematic and progressive review of essential principles. GINN AND COMPANY 70 Fifth Avenue NEW YORK THE CLASSICALWEEKLY Entered as second-class matter November 18, 1907, at the Post Office, New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 1, 1879 Attention should have been called long ago, in these columns, to the Epitome Thesauri Latini, which Fr. Vollmer has undertaken to produce, with the aid of E. Bickel, A. Klotz, J. B. Hofmann, and J. Rubenbauer. Of the great Thesaurus itself, whose preparation was begun as long ago as 1894, four volumes have been completed, which cover the ground from A to Cyulus. Parts of Volume 5, carrying the work to demergo, have also been issued. Back of the preparation of the Epitome lie two sets of considerations. On the one hand, the Thesaurus is very expensive; further, its very exhaustiveness makes the use of it difficult and timeconsuming. On the other hand, says Professor Vollmer, in a prospectus of the Epitome, the current Latin-German and Latin-English dictionaries "arc unequal to the scientific demands which are made on a Latin dictionary to-day". The Epitome, then, is designed to give an easy, rapid, and reliable survey of the history of each word and its use as revealed and demonstrated in full by the material of the Thesaurus. It will present the whole Latin vocabulary in four "handy volumes", in about one-seventh of the space occupied by the Thesaurus. All the words listed in the Thesaurus, except corrupt or useless forms, will appear in the Epitome; indeed, in the earlier parts the Epitome will contain words not known when the first volumes of the Thesaurus were printed. Special stress is to be laid on historical lexicography. The Epitome will therefore register "the earliest evidence, not only for every word, but, wherever possible, for every development of meaning and every significant phrase". It is just here, says Dr. Vollmer, that "the older dictionaries, including Forcellini and Georges, were the most strikingly deficient". In general the plan and disposition of the articles in the Epitome are to correspond to those followed in the Thesaurus. Such changes as are made will be introduced to simplify and make clearer the arrangement in the Thesaurus; the latter work at times suffers from an embarrassment of riches. To make the abridgement possible, stress will be laid on classical Latin, that is, the period from Livius Andronicus to Tertullian will be treated as the period of the language which must be exactly described. No. 15 Later authors are ignored, in so far as they only repeat the turns of expression of the mature, cultured tongue; new words and phrases coined by them according to old laws are briefly entered; the subsequent genuine, popular development of the language in inscriptions and literature is most exactly described, as far as the Thesaurus collections allow. Matters of grammar and prosody will be treated with special care; the material in these departments contained in the Thesaurus will be throughout checked, corrected and supplemented. The Epitome is expressed throughout in Latin. It is worth while to reproduce in full the paragraph in which Professor Vollmer explains why Latin is so employed. Furthermore, the aim of creating a short dictionary on a scientific basis made its composition in the Latin language in close connection with the Thesaurus seem necessary. A compilation in German has been attempted, one in three languages (German, English, French) discussed. The obstacle to both these attempts, to the second of course in a far higher degree, has been the fact that translation evoked a disposition according to the translation, not according to the development of the Latin lemma, i.e. an unscientific disposition. Two languages belonging to such different epochs of culture are utterly incommensurable magnitudes, and the association in pairs of their respective units can only lead as a rule to mock-alliances and has therefore no scientific importance. The Epitome is not intended to be a mere school dictionary, but rather a scientific manual for one who has a general knowledge of the language. Consequently, the aid of translation could be restricted to cases in which the designation in another language really conveyed the meaning at once, e.g. the name of animals, technical words, etc. The Epitome is to contain 200 sheets, of 16 pages each (94 x 64 inches: two columns to the page), a total of 3,200 pages, or 6,400 columns. The numbering is to be by columns, not by pages. The work will appear in 40 fascicules, of 80 pages, or 160 columns each: the price per fascicule will be but two Marks. The first fascicule, covering A to Aedilicius, was issued about a year ago. Every one who has used our best available Latin lexicons, such as Georges's Ausführliches LateinischDeutsches Handwörterbuch (2 volumes: Leipzig, 1870-1880), or The Harpers' Latin Dictionary, by Lewis and Short (1879), knows that, indispensable as these works are, they are grievously defective. For one thing, they were published over three de cades ago. One has only to compare the etymologies in the Harpers' Latin Dictionary with the accounts of Latin words given in Walde's Lateinisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (Winter, Heidelberg: second edition, 1910) to realize the enormous progress made in this one field in the last thirty years. There is no prospect whatever that the Harpers' Dictionary will be revised. The Epitome Thesauri Latini therefore offers to earnest and scientific students of the Latin language their one hope of securing a dictionary of Latin which shall be at once reasonably exhaustive, scientific in its plan and in its accuracy, and, finally, marked by that cheapness which is one of the many marvels of books made in Germany. C. K. THE AGES OF MAN: A STUDY SUGGESTED I The Literary Tradition of the Division of Life The theme of lines 153-178 of Horace's Ars Poetica is the Ages of Man with their varying characteristics. The poet is giving advice to dramatic writers and says: Do you attend to what the public and I likewise want. If you desire an applauder who stays until the curtain, and who will keep his seat until the cantor gives the word to applaud, you must observe the characteristics of each stage of life, and grant what is seemly to changing dispositions and shifting years. The child who now knows how to reply in words, and who marks the ground with steady tread, delights in playing with his childish companions. Thoughtlessly he becomes angry, as thoughtlessly allays his wrath, and changes every hour. The beardless youth at length from guardian freed takes pleasure in horses, hounds, and the turf of the sunny athletic field. As easily moulded in vice is he as wax, rude to his counsellors, slow to provide the useful things of life, lavish with money, aspiring, passionate, and quick to forsake what once he loved. With change of taste the years and soul of manhood's full estate seek wealth and friendship, bow the knee to honor, and do not wish to commit a deed which soon they'd desire to change. Many disadvantages beset the grayhaired man, either because he seeks to procure new wealth, and miser-like touches not and fears to use the hoard already found, or because he does everything timidly and half-heartedly. A procrastinator is he, holding long to his hopes, sluggish, longing eagerly for future years, hard to please, full of complaints, a praiser of times long since gone by when he was a boy, a reprover and censurer of the younger gen This paper was read at the Seventh Annual Meeting of The Classical Association of the Atlantic States, at Baltimore, May 3, 1913. The author begs leave to say that this article is a very inadequate abridgment of a paper which she wrote two years ago, for the Latin Seminary of The Johns Hopkins University, under the direction of Professor Kirby Flower Smith. In so short a sketch it has been necessary to omit entirely many of the most interesting parts of the longer study and to curtail all. Reference may be made to elaborate treatment of the same theme, entitled Die Lebensalter, by Frans Boll, Neue Jahrbücher, February, 1913. an eration. Many blessings the years bring as they come; as they go many they take away. Lest then perchance the roles of old men be assigned to youths or manly parts to a child, let us ever fix our attention upon the qualities which are characteristic of and adapted to the time of life. The passage just quoted suggests at once the speech of Jacques, As You Like It, Act 2, Scene 7. His words are familiar to every one, yet, because of Shakespeare's excellent treatment of the subject, I beg leave to call to mind once more the famous lines: All the world's a stage, Even in the Cannon's mouth. And then, the Justice of the division of life into stages was by no means a new one with him, nor was it with Horace. Indeed the tradition that the course of man's journey from the cradle to the grave is divided into different periods seems to be almost as old as man himself, for it is an ever-recurring theme in the literature of all times and nations. In Greek literature, it is found in several authors. Perhaps the earliest instance is a fragment ascribed to Solon, to be found in Bergk, Poetae Lyrici Graeci, Frag. 27 (13). Solon divides life into ten stages of seven years each. Man, says he, is an infant until seven years; a child until fourteen; in the third age the beard of changing color grows upon his chin; in the fourth, he attains full manly strength; in the fifth, he is led to think of a wife and future posterity; in the sixth, his mind is no longer pleased with trivial matters; in the seventh and eighth, from forty-two to fifty-six his understanding and speech. are at their best. In the ninth, he has still some powers left, but in eloquence and wisdom he is no longer capable of great efforts. And now, says Solon, let him who shall attain the tenth septenary look for a not untimely death. Thus, with the |