monuments of his labours or his character, more than can be inferred from this fact, remain.

BAILLIE, ROBERT, D. D.-One of the most learned, most moderate, and most esteemed of the Presbyterian ministers of the day in which he lived, was born in Glasgow, in the year 1599. He received his education in the University of Glasgow, under the tuition of M. Sharp, who was then the head of the college. After completing his course in the University, in 1622, he received Episcopal ordination from the hands of bishop Law, with whom he lived on terms of the closest intimacy, and with whom he kept up a correspondence. He was now received into the family of the earl of Eglintoune, as tutor to his son; and by this nobleman he was presented to the parish of Kilwinning. In 1626, Mr. Baillie was admitted a regent in the college of Glasgow; on which occasion he delivered an inaugural discourse, De Mente Agente. About this time he turned his attention to oriental literature, in which it is admitted, that he was a great proficient. Baillie was not only ordained an Episcopalian, but, it is said, had imbibed. from principal Cameron the doctrine of passive obedience; but between the years 1630 and 1636, he seems to have undergone a great change in his views; for in the latter year, being requested by archbishop Law to preach a sermon before the General Assembly of the church of Scotland, in commendation of the "Common Prayer," he positively refused; but returned a very respectful answer to the archbishop. He now became a favourite with the strict Presbyterians and was commissioned by the presbytery of Irvine to attend the famous General Assembly of 1638, when Episcopacy was completely eradicated from the Church of Scotland; and most of the bishops deposed, and solemnly excommunicated. Of this Assembly, which forms an era in the history of the Church of Scotland, Mr. Baillie has left a very particular and authentic account in his "Letters," which have been published in two octavo volumes. In this

Assembly he conducted himself with great propriety and moderation. And as the proceedings of this Assembly brought on a war with England, Baillie entered cordially into the defence of his countrymen, and of the General Assembly. Indeed, so great was his zeal in this cause, that he accompanied the army in the capacity of a chaplain to the regiment of his patron, the earl of Eglintoune, and has furnished a graphic description of the encampment at Dunselaw.

"It would have done you good," says he, "to cast your eyes athwart our brave and rich hills as oft as I did, with great contentment and joy; for I was there among the rest, being chosen preacher by the gentlemen of our shire, who accompanied Lord Eglintoune. I furnished to half a dozen good fellows, muskets and pikes, and to my boy, a broad sword. I carried myself-as the fashion was-a sword, and couple of Dutch pistols at my saddle; but, I promise, for the offence of no one, except a robber by the way; for it was our part alone, to pray and preach for the encouragement of my countrymen, which I did, to my power, most cheerfully." (Letters vol. 1, p. 174.) In another, he says, "Our soldiers grew in experience of arms, in courage, and favour daily. Every one encouraged another. The sight of their nobles, and their beloved pastors, daily roused their hearts. The good sermons and prayers, morning and evening, under the roof of heaven, to which their drums did call them, for bells; the remonstrance very frequent, of their conduct hitherto, by a hand clearly divine; also Leslie's skill and prudence and fortune, made them as resolute for battle as could be wished. We were feared, that emulation among our nobles, might have done harm, when they should be met in the field; but such was the wisdom and authority of that old, little, crooked soldier, (Leslie) that all, with an incredible submission, from the beginning to the end, gave themselves to be guided by him, as if he had been great Solyman. Had you lent your ear in the morning, or especially

at even, and heard in the tents, the sound of some singing psalms, and praying, and some reading Scriptures, you would have been refreshed. True, there was swearing and cursing, and brawling in some quarters, whereat we were grieved; but we hoped, if our camp had been settled, to have gotten some way for these disorders; for all of any fashion did regret, and all promised to do their best endeavours for helping all abuses. For myself, I never found my mind in better temper than it was all that time, since we came from home, till my head was again homeward; for I was as a man who had taken leave of the world, and was resolved to die in that service, without return." But this expedition ended in a treaty with their sovereign, by which all hostilities. ceased for a few months. On the renewal of the war, Baillie accompanied the army in its march into England, and has left us the most authentic and particular chronicle of the events which occurred.

In the year 1640, Baillie was selected as a suitable person to accompany the commissioners sent to London, to prepare charges against archbishop Laud, for his innovations on the Scottish Church, which were considered the true causes of the civil war. He had, the year before, published a pamphlet, particularly directed against Laud, in which he undertook to demonstrate "the Arminianism, popery, and tyranny of that faction, from their own confessions," and this, no doubt, pointed him out as a suitable person to be joined in commission with those sent to accuse the great adversary of presbytery. Not long after his return to his native country, he was appointed joint professor of divinity, with Mr. David Dickson, another very eminent Presbyterian minister, of that period. It furnishes a strong evidence of the high estimation in which he was held, as a man of learning, and able theologian, that he had the offer of this office from each of the four Universities of Scotland. All these invitations he rejected, except the one from his native city, and his alma mater.

In the year 1643, Mr. Baillie was chosen by the

General Assembly, a commissioner, with several others, to go to London, and hold correspondence with the English Parliament, and especially to assist the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, in the important work in which they were engaged. In this venerable Assembly, in which he sat until all its important business was finished, he acted a very modest part, seldom ever obtruding himself upon them, in public speeches, the tediousness of which he greatly lamented; but in private, and on committees, his opinions were received with great deference, and had great weight in leading to the results which the deliberations of this synod produced. And from his Letters, written at the time, we have the most particular and authentic account of the transactions of that venerable Assembly.

After his return home, in 1646, he resumed the duties of his professorship, which he continued diligently to perform, until the year 1649; when he was selected as a suitable person, by the General Assembly of the Scottish Church, to carry their homage to Charles II. at the Hague, and to invite him to assume the government of Scotland, under the limitations and stipulations of the Solemn League and Covenant. This embassy he executed with a dignity and propriety, which could have been expected from no member of the church but one, who, like. him, had been engaged in conducting high diplomatic affairs in England. Indeed, Mr. Baillie, in every transaction of his life, appears to have possessed all the accomplishments of a perfectly well bred man; yet while he was conciliatory, and ready to yield to expediency where truth and conscience were not concerned, no man was more firm in adhering to his religious principles, in the profession of which he was altogether sincere. He had, in early life, been educated in prelatical principles; but after a thorough examination and mature deliberation, he became a warm friend of Presbytery, and a zealous opposer of Episcopacy. When he appeared before the king at the Hague, he delivered to his majesty a speech full of loyalty, in which he ex

pressed, in the name of his church and country, the strongest detestation of the murder of his royal father; and their joy at the prospect of the succession of his son to the throne. In these sentiments, the Presbyterian clergy of both kingdoms cordially united; and although they were ungratefully treated by Charles II., there can be little doubt that to them, as the chief instruments, he owed his restoration to his country and kingdom.

During Cromwell's usurpation, the Church of Scotland was unhappily divided into parties, or factions; Baillie, as might have been expected, from his character for moderation, sided with the more moderate party, who received the denomination of "Resolutioners." Indeed, he became the leader of this party in the church, and wrote many of their most important public papers. He was regularly a member of the Assembly from his return from England until the year 1653.

After the restoration, by the influence of lord Lauderdale, Mr. Baillie was made principal of the University of Glasgow; and had the offer of a bishopric, which he refused.

His health now began to decline, and when visited by the new made archbishop, "Mr. Andrew," said he, "for I will not call you my lord, king Charles would have made me one of these lords, but I do not find in the New Testament that Christ had any lords in his house." He said he considered this form of ecclesiastical government, "inconsistent with Scripture, contrary to pure and primitive antiquity, and diametrically opposed to the true interest of the country."

Mr. Baillie was a man of undoubted and extensive learning. He had made himself acquainted with thirteen languages; and his Latin style was so pure and elegant, that good judges have said, that it would not have disgraced the Augustan age. He kept up a correspondence with several of the most learned theologians of the continent of Europe, as Spanheim, Rivet, Salmasius, Leusden, and Constantine L'Em