THE NEW

INTERNATIONAL

ENCYCLOPÆDIA

SECOND EDITION

VOLUME XI

NEW YORK

DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY

1918

Copyright, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1915

BY DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY

All rights reserved

Copyright, 1917

BY DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY, INC.

All rights reserved

THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.
BOSTON BOOKBINDING CO., CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.

KEY TO PRONUNCIATION

For a full explanation of the various sounds indicated, see the KEY TO PRONUNCIATION in Vol. I.

A PARTIAL LIST OF THE LEADING ARTICLES IN VOLUME XI