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Papias conversed with the disciples of the apostles about the beginning of the second century. He speaks of the gospels of Matthew and Mark as extant, and written by them *.

Justin Martyr, A. D. 150. mentions the gospels as universally received and read in the congregations in his time. He must have conversed with Christians who were old men, and from them have learned that the gospels were extant when they were young. Oi Απότολοι (says he) ἐν τοῖς γενομένοις ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἀπομνημονεύμασιν, ἃ καλείται Εὐαγέλια, ὅπως παρέδωκαν—And again, Τὰ ἀπομνημονεύματα των Αποςόλων αναγινώσκεται. Apol. 1. And his citations from the four gospels, from the epistles of St Paul, and from the Revelation, shew to a demonstration that he had them as we now have them, in the main.

In the interval between A. D. 70. and Justin, are the authors called apostolical, as Clemens, Hermas, Barnabas, Ignatius. These authors make use of some of the gospels and epistles, and allude to them; which makes them highly valuable, and serviceable to the Christian cause. We cannot suppose that they had the inclination, we may positively affirm that they had not the capacity to forge them. Their own writings prove it.

Barnabas, in his Epistle, makes use of Matthew, Luke, John, and the Epistle to the Romans,

Clemens, in his first Epistle, makes mention of St Paul's Epistle to the Corinthians, and takes passages from Matthew, Mark, Luke, Acts, Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, Ephesians, 1 and 2

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For yet a little while, and he that shall come, will come," 'c, Heb. x. 36.

Euseb. Eccl. Hist. iii. 39. sub finem.

of Peter, 1 Timothy, 1 and 3 of John, Revelations, and particularly from the Epistle to the Hebrews. He also speaks of the martyrdom of Peter and Paul.

In his second Epistle, if it be his, there are passages from Matthew, Luke, 1 Corinthians, and Hebrews.

Hermas says, i. 2. Juravit Dominus per Filium suum : Qui denegaverit filium & se--§ ipsi denegaturi sunt illum from Matth. x. 33.

I. 6. Cum ergo venerit tribulatio, propter divitias suas &negotiationes, abnegant Dominum-from Matt. xiii. 21. 1. 9. Videte ergo vos qui gloriamini in divitiis, ne forte ingemiscant i qui egent, & gemitus eorum ascendat ad Dominum-from James v. 4.

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Ib. Qui amatis primos consessus; from Matt. xxiii. 6. Melius erat illis non nasci. from Matt. xxvi. 24. II. Mand. v. Spiritus sanctus, qui in te est, angustiabitur; from Ephes. iv. 30.

Si resistis Diabolo, fugiet a te; from James iv. 7.

II. Mand. vi. Φοβήθηκε τὸν Κύριον τὸν δυνάμενον σῶσαι και αποicar from James iv. 12.

Such references should have been marked in the editions of the apostolical fathers.

In the apostolical constitutions also, and in the recognitions and the homilies of Pseudo-Clemens there are many passages taken from the New Testament; but as these books are not so ancient as they pretend to be, I pass them by for the present, and shall pay my respects to them in another place.

The numerous and large citations from the LXX, and the New Testament, in the Constitutions, are however so far useful, that they help to shew how those places stood in the copies of the fourth century, and perhaps somewhat earlier.

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Ignatius, who in his old age, suffered under Trajan, about A. D. 107. and who was contemporary with the apostles, in his genuine epistles alludes to the gospels of Matthew, of Luke, and of John; Paul's first Epistle to the Corinthians, those to the Colossians, Galatians, Philippians, and Ephesians, the first Epistle of Peter, &c.

Besides the places which are referred to in the margin of the Patres Apostolici, I have observed several, upon a cursory perusal, to which, I am sensible, more might be added.

Ignatius ad Ephes. μunlai örles O. from Ephes, v. 1, Ib. iv aual O. perhaps from Acts xx. 28.

Ib. τῷ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἑαυτὸν ἀνενεΓκόντος Θεῷ προσφοράν και θυσίαν. from Ephes. v. 2.

Ib. ii. draíun jur. from Philem. 20.

Ib. iv. μéan örlas T ч auтs, from Ephes, v. 30.

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Ib. v. εἰ δ ̓ ἑνὸς καὶ δευτέρα προσευχή τοσαύτην ισχυν ἔχε. perhaps from James v. 16. or Mat. xviii, 19, 20. Ib. ix.—λίθοι ναῦ Πατρὸς—εἰς οἰκοδομὴν—from Ephes. ii.

20.

Ib. xiii. Téos de ayann. from 1 Tim, i. 5.

Ib. xiv. ἄμεινόν ἐςι σιωπᾷν και εἶναι, ἢ λαλόνια μὴ εἶναι· καλὸν τὸ διδάσκειν, ἐὰν ὁ λέξων ποιῇ. from Mat. v, 19. vii. 21. Ib. xv. ὐδὲν λανθάνει τὸν Κύριον perhaps from Heb. iv. 12, 13. or Revel. ii. 23. or from other places.

του

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Ib. xvii. To apxorlos to aiŵros TÚTY. from John xiv, 30, and Ephes. ii. 2.

16.

Ib. μn aixμanwlioy vuas. from Rom, vii. 23.

Ib. xix. μushpix-wŵs &r éparegáln—from 1 Tim. iii.

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Ib. xx. era äglov navles. from I Cor. x. 17.

Ib. xxi. xalos ŵr Tür ixei wisŵr. from 1 Cor. xv. 9, or Mat. xx, 26, 27.

Ib. xii. Ignatius takes notice of St Paul's epistle to the Ephesians, and of his martyrdom; and as he was writing to the same church, he often alludes, as you see, to the apostle's letter.

Ad Magnes. i. ἀγάπης, ἧς ἐδὲν προκέκριται. from 1 Cor.

xiii. 13.

Ib. iii.elper Tağ.-perhaps from 1 Tim. iv. 12. Ib. v. eis Tòv Stor Tómov. from Acts i. 25.

Ib. "diov xœpax1ñpa. perhaps from Rev. xiii. 17. Ib. vii.—es rês, μía inic-from Ephes. iv. 3, 4, 5, 6. lb. viii. εἰ καλὰ νόμον ζῶμεν, ὁμολογόμεν χάριν μὴ εἰληφέναι. from Gal. v. 4.

Ib. x. ὑπέρθεσθε τὴν κακὴν ζύμην τὴν παλαιωθεῖσαν. from 1 Cor. v. 7.

lb. xiii. zavodwbñte. evostodαι, a verb used in the New Testament.

Ad Trall. vii. un quarueris. a word often used by St Paul.

23.

Ib. viii. μηδεὶς [τι] κατὰ τὰ πλησία ἐχέτω. from Mat. v.

Ib. x. —ὥσπερ τινὲς—λέγεσι—ἐγώ τί δέδεμαι; τί εὔχομαι Inpiquaxñσai; &c. from 1 Cor. xv. 15, 32.

Ib. xi. în eisir quleia Пalgós. from Mat. xv. 13. Ib. xii. ira un aðóximos tupel. from 1 Cor. ix. 27. Ad Roman. ii.-Tŷ owordio Invar O. from 2 Tim. iv. 6. Ib. iii. τα γ φαινομενα πρόσκαιρα· τὰ δὲ μὴ βλεπόμενα αἰώνια.. from 2 Cor. iv. 18.

Ib. vi. Tí S perara-&c. from Mat. xvi. 26. But perhaps this is an interpolation. It is not in the old

version.

Ib. vii. ὁ ἐμὸς ἔρως ἐςαύρωται—ὕδωρ δὲ ζῶν, ἡ λαλῶν ἐν ἐμοὶ from Gal. vi. 14. John iv. 14.

16,

Ib. ix. xlua. from 1 Cor. xv. 8.

Ad Philadelph, vi.-TI Capnou Tivα-from 2 Cor. xii.

Ib.

Ib. ix. autòc av Súpa. from John x. 7.

ων

Ib. x. inì Tò autò yeroμeros. from 1 Cor. xi. 20. Ad Smyrn. iii. guréqayer yourétier. from Acts x. 41. Ib. iv.-un apadéxeoda-from John Epist. ii. 10. Ib. x. τα δεσμά μαἐκ ἐπαισχύνθηκε, read έπησχύνθηκε. from 2 Tim. i. 16.

Ib. de vμas inαxurboerα Xpisós. from Mark viii. 38, pr Luke ix. 26.

The Epistle to Polycarp, which is the last, is also inferior to the rest: there is some reason to suspect that it is not genuine.

Ad Philadelph. v.—αγοσφυγών τῷ εὐαΓγελίῳ, ὡς σαρκὶ Ἰησε, καὶ τοῖς ἀποσόλοις ὡς πρεσβυτερίῳ ἐκκλησίας. Confugiens ad Evangelium tanquam ad carnem Jesu, et ad Apostolos ver lut ad Ecclesice Presbyterium, &c.

Que verba videntur de evangeliis et apostolicis scriptis intelligenda; ita ut hoc velit Ignatius, cognoscendo divince voluntatis causa, se confugere ad evangelia, quibus crederet non secus ac si Christus ipse in carne, hoc est, in eo statu quo fuit in terris, conspicuus et etiamnum apud homines viveus, eos sermones, qui in evangelis leguntur, ore suo proferret; tum etiam ad scripta Apostolorum, quos habebat quasi totius Christianæ ecclesiæ presbyterium, sub Christo omnium Episcopo, quod cœtus Christianos omnes, quid credendum sit, doceret. Unde quanti fierent libri sacri Novi Testamenti, hisce temporibus, satis liquet. Addit: Sed et Prophetas amamus, quia ipsi nunciarunt, quæ pertinent ad evangelium, id sperarunt, atque expectarunt. Quæ respiciunt Vetus Testamentum, prout scriptum exstat, nam aliunde Prophetae Ignatio innotescere non potuerant. Nec leviter prætermittendum, ab eo, primo quidem loco Novi Testamenti scripta, per quae Christiani sumus, memorari, quasi perfugium suum; secundo vero Veteris Libros, quia ex üs Novum confirmari potest, Clericus, Hist. Eccl. p. 567,

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