CONTENTS

CHAPTER VIII

THE LIFE-TOKEN IN TALE AND CUSTOM

Two classes of life-tokens; the one, originally connected

with the hero ; the other, arbitrary-Examples given

in previous chapters-Examples from märchen out-

side the Perseus cycle-The magical mirror-The

Life-token in mirror and well-Tokens of Fidelity--

Connection of the Life-token and External Soul-

Birth Ceremonies-Planting of trees and other life-

tokens in custom-Divination.

CHAPTER IX

WITCHCRAFT: SYMPATHETIC MAGIC

Folktale incidents presenting the divisibility of a person,

continued sympathy of severed portions of a person

with the bulk, and the endowment of the severed

portions with consciousness-Modes of witchcraft-

Witchcraft upon objects identified with the victim-

Severed portions of the body-Footprints-Food-

Dress—Objects more remotely associated with the

victim-Witchcraft upon arbitrary objects-Name—

Defences against witchcraft.

Different kinds of love-potions-Hair and other sub-

stances taken from the body-Clothing-Footprints

-Dangers of carelessness over severed parts of the

body-Cure for warts-Doctrine of Transplantation

—Mistaken applications of—Doctrine of Sympathy

-Remedies derived from the dead-" A hair of the

dog that bit you."

CHAPTER XI

Sacred Wells and Trees

Ceremonies at wells and trees in the British Islands—

On the Continent of Europe-Nails driven into trees

and images-Analogous rites elsewhere-Usual ex-

planations discussed—Rites at cairns-True meaning

of the rites-Dedication of hair at sacred shrines

and graves-Other votive offerings.

CHAPTER XII

TOTEMISM-THE BLOOD COVENANT-CUSTOMS CONNECTED

WITH SALIVA

Recapitulation-Union with the god-Totemism-Sacri-

fices-The Blood Covenant-Its evolution-Its sacra-

mental character-Its decay-Changes in its effect-

Saliva customs-Analogy to the Blood Covenant-

Spitting on infants-Spitting on various occasions-

Against witchcraft-Saliva of sacred personages.

CHAPTER XIII

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FUNERAL RITES

The clan one body-The common meal-Eating the dead

in antiquity-Among modern savages-Survivals in

modern Europe-Funeral feasts-The Sin-eater-

Similar customs in other countries-Eating with the

dead-Sacramental union with the dead-Smearing

with ashes, etc.-Wearing bones and other relics of

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the dead-Cutting oneself for the dead-Mutilation

-Gifts of hair to the dead-Burial in a common

grave-Custom of Ettá.

MARRIAGE RITES

CHAPTER XIV

Analogy of marriage with admission into the clan-
Custom of Sindra-dán-Blood-rites-Confarreatio-
Ritual food shared by all guests-Meaning of the rite
-Marriage constitutes a new relationship on the
part of the entire kin-Bridal dance and kiss-
Nasamonian rite-Group-marriage-Rights of the
kin over husband or wife-The Levirate-Reception
by marriage into the kin-Consent of the kin.

CHAPTER XV

THE COUVADE AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE STRENGTH

OF THE BLOOD-TIE-CONCLUSION OF THE INQUIRY INTO

THE THEORY OF THE LIFE-TOKEN

The Couvade-Its true meaning-Not found among the
lowest savages-Sponsorship-Adoption-Collective
responsibility of the clan-The Blood-feud-Medical
treatment of the kin for the disease of one member-
Solidarity of the family-Cannot be terminated even
by death-Sacramental conception of a kindred-
The theory of life underlying the Life-token-Con-
clusion of the inquiry into the Life-token.

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THE LEGEND OF PERSEUS