SHOULD WE ABANDON THE MONROE DOCTRINE... Hiram Bingham 334 THE MODERN MEANING OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE....J. M. Callahan 359 CONTENTS FOR APRIL 1914 A GLANCE AT LATIN-AMERICAN CIVILIZATION. .Francisco J. Yanes 381 THE DOMINICAN CONVENTION AND ITS LESSONS...Jacob H. Hollander 398 AMERICAN INTERVENTION IN CENTRAL AMERICA, Philip Marshall Brown 409 IN JUSTICE TO THE UNITED STATES-A SETTLEMENT WITH COLUMBIA, THE PHYSICAL Basis of the ARGENTINE NATION....... Bailey Willis 443 A PERSONAL ESTIMATE OF THE CHARACTER OF THE LATE EMPRESS By Katherine A. Carl, Painter of the Portrait of the Late THE EFFECT OF THE REVOLUTION UPON THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF By P. W. Kuo, M.A., Ex-President of Chinese Students' SOME EXPERIENCES AT THE SIEGE OF NANKING DURING THE REVOLUTION By C. Voonping Yui, M.D., of the Chinese Red Cross THE RELATION OF THE RETURNED STUDENTS TO THE CHINESE REVO- By Y. S. Tsao, Secretary of the Chinese Students' Alliance MORAL AND SPIRITUAL ELEMENTS IN THE CHINESE REVOLUTION AND IN The papers in this number were read at the Conference on Recent Developments in China, GEORGE H. BLAKESLEE, Ph.D. EDITORS President G. STANLEY HALL, LL.D. CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Professor DAVID P. BARROWS, Ph.D................................University of California Professor FRANZ BOAS, LL.D........ Professor W. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph.D.... Professor W. E. B. DuBois, Ph.D... GEORGE W. ELLIS, K.C., F.R.G.S.. WM. CURTIS FARABEE, Ph.D.. President A. F. GRIFFITHS.. Ass't-Professor FRANK H. HANKINS, Ph.D. Ass't-Professor Ellsworth HUNTINGTON, Ph.D.. Professor J. W. JENKS, LL.D.... ...Columbia University Rutgers College ....New York .....Chicago ..Harvard University .Oahu College, Honolulu ...Clark College ......Yale University Cornell University GEORGE HEBER JONES, D.D.. JOHN P. JONES, D.D.............. Seoul, Korea .Madura, India Associate Professor A. L. KROEBER, Ph.D........ University of California Professor GEORGE TRUMBULL LADD, LL.D... Professor EDWARD C. MOORE, Ph.D.. K. NATERAJAN.... JAMES A. ROBERTSON, L.H.D......... Professor WM. R. SHEPHERD, Ph.D............ Yale University Harvard University ...Bombay, India .Manila .Columbia University Yale University Associate Professor PAYSON J. TREAT, Ph.D........Stanford University Ass't-Professor FREDERICK W. WILLIAMS.. PUBLISHER LOUIS N. WILSON, Litt.D...... . Clark University Articles intended for publication, and all correspondence relating to the editorial department of the JOURNAL, should be addressed to Dr. George H. Blakeslee, Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Books for review, exchanges, subscriptions, and all correspondence relating thereto, should be addressed to Dr. Louis N. Wilson, Clark University Library, Worcester, Mass. Copyright, 1912, Clark University. The printing of this number was completed June 21, 1913. By Edward B. Drew, A.M., Commissioner of Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs, retired. I propose to set before you, as best I may, the life work of Sir Robert Hart-a career which Professor Williams of Yale in his recent book on the Burlingame Mission pronounces "the most remarkable and creditable of any European, perhaps, in Asia during the (nineteenth) century." To this China-loving company I would present my late chief as one who served China with a life-time's unflagging devotedness; and to this body of students I offer his achievements as a convincing example of that wholesome terrestrial kind of genius which is said to consist "in days' works." Robert Hart was born in Portadown, County Armagh, in the north of Ireland, on February 20, 1835. He was the oldest of twelve children. His father Henry Hart was fairly well to do and a stern Wesleyan; his mother, a daughter of Mr. John Edgar, was a tender woman who ever held the affections of her children. Not long after Robert's birth the family moved to Hillsborough where he attended his first school, and where the family home long remained. At the age of eleven he was sent for a year to a Wesleyan school in Taunton, England; his father taking him there in person. At Taunton he began the study of Latin; and Latin he delighted in and read to the end of his life, it being his daily custom to read some classic author while taking his morning tea. His next move was to the Wesleyan Connexional School at Dublin. Here he was graduated at the top of his class at the age of fifteen, with a reputation for love of mischief, as well as for studiousness and a brilliant mind. His solicitous father elected to send him to the new Queen's 1 THE JOURNAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT, VOL. 4, NO. 1, 1913 University at Belfast, rather than to Trinity College, Dublin-preferring to keep his son near home where he might watch closely over his conduct and where pious influences should guard his character. In 1853, at the age of eighteen, young Hart received his B.A. degree. He had also taken scholarships and medals in literature and in logic, and had won the distinction of Senior Scholar. It was in this part of his career that he became a favorite student of McCosh, afterwards president of Princeton; and both Dr. McCosh and Sir Robert Hart ever recalled with pleasure their relations at this period, if indeed they did not actually correspond by letter so long as they lived. Before determining his choice of a profession, Hart began studying for the master's degree; but while he was thus engaged, an opportunity offered itself for competing for a junior post in the British government's consular service in China. He entered as a candidate; but so distinguished had been his university career that he was given the appointment at once without examination. He arrived in China in 1854, and continued for five years in the British consular service, gradually acquiring the Chinese language while serving at Hongkong, Ningpo and Canton, and becoming familiar with both the British and Chinese side of international relations. His early official experience was gained from the British governor of Hongkong, Sir John Bowring (well known by his noble hymns) and under such able consuls as Alcock, Thomas Taylor Meadows, and Parkes. For most of this period Hart's post was at Ningpo-near enough to the scene of the momentous events then enacting in China to excite the intensest interest of an observant, thoughtful and ambitious young man. The Taiping rebellion was in full career; the rebel leader had already been established at Nanking as his capital for a full year when Hart reached China; and from Ningpo he could observe the Taiping expeditions against Peking. In the study of these stirring times he must have found a stimulating example in his senior, Consul Meadows, who sympathised with the Taipings and in 1856 produced |