Page 30-lacte = weaned. Compare this expression with line 82, Ecl. III. Quae clauderet ut ea clauderet. A. & S. 264, 1, (a), (better than 2 264, 7); H. 500, I.; B. 1218-20; A. 65, I.; G. 2 425. Three reasons seem to prove (in opposition to the view of some) that Alcippe and Phyllis were partners of Corydon and Thyrsis respectively: 1. The emphatic ego; 2. The imperfect, habebam, of continued past action; 3. The subjunct. clauderet with quae, which would be properly used only after a general antecedent, i. e. neque Alcippen no such person as Alcippe, etc. 16. Corydon, in apposition with certamen. 17. Ludo, dat. after posthabui. 19. Alternos, sc. versus. Meminisse, sc. eos. So An., As., H. Wr., Lad.; others, me; Con., neither. 20. Hos, illos, these, those. A. & S. 2 207, Rem. 23, (a); H. 450, 1; B. 1029; A. 19, II.; G. 92. 21. Libethrides, Libethrian, so called from Libethra, a fountain on Mount Helicon. 22. Quale (conceditis). Ille facit (carmina) proxima versibus Phoebi. 23. Facit, the final syllable lengthened by the caesura. As. 24. Argută, sacrâ, to be joined with what nouns? Decide by scanning the line. Pinu. Governed by de or ex understood. Those who abandoned any profession were accustomed to dedicate to some god, as a votive offering, some implement peculiar to such profession. 25. Nascentem. So the best MSS., others crescentem. 26. Codro, dat. of disadvantage. 27. Ultra placitum, i. e. ultra quod placitum est, more than is pleasing, and hence excessively and insincerely. Laudaverit, sc. Codrus. Baccare, which, according to Servius, would protect against enchantment. As. Noceat, by praises designed to injure. 29-45. The bards now try their skill in the composition of epigrams or inscriptions. K. from As. Delia. Delian goddess = Diana. Parvus the young. 30. Micon, sc. dicat, dedicates, which is commonly omitted in inscriptions. 31. Proprium, lasting, permanent. Hoc, this, the favor granted, e. g. success in hunting. Levi, not lěvi. Tota full length, not a mere bust. 32. Puniceo. Coloring was frequent in the case of marble statues. Con. Suras, accus. of specification. 33. Another inscription. 34. Pauperis of the poor man's; agreeing, however, with horti. 35. Pro tempore according to our (i. e. my) circumstances. 36. Aureus, i. e. in a statue. 37. Nerine, daughter of Nereus, a patronymic. 40. Qua, any; indef. pron. Cura, regard (for). 41. Immo, nay, is so far an affirmative particle, that it asserts Rara umbra Page something stronger than what has already been said. Thyrsis 30 tries to use stronger expressions than Corydon, and hence, too, the use of ego. Sardoniis herbis, alluding particularly to the plant "crowfoot," ranunculus; whose effect, when eaten, was to distort the muscles of the face, as in laughter; and hence the proverbial expression "sardonic smile" (laugh, grin), to denote forced and unnatural laughter. Ego videar, may I appear; subjunct. of wish (optative subjunct.). 42. Projecta, cast up on the shore. 43. Haec lux= hic dies. Longior anno, in his impatience to see his love. 44. Quis pudor, any sense of shame, in eating so long, and delaying his return home. 45. Somno-herba, a truly poetical expression; borrowed, however, from Theocritus. 46-56. Et viridis arbutus quae.tegit vos. with 31 its thin shade. Arbutus, the nominative for the vocative. As. 47. Pecori, from my flock. On constructions of this kind Con. well remarks, that it is difficult to say whether the dative is one of personal relation, or originally identical with the ablat. 224, Rem. 2; H. 385, 4, and 386, 2; B. 829; A. 51, V. Here we are at our fireside, where we can bid defiance to the cold. Con. Focus, sc. est. Taedae pingues, fat pine torches, to give light. Plurimus = plenty of. 50. Fuligine, for the only chimney known to the Greeks and Romans was an opening in the roof, or the door of the house. 52. Numerum, number, i. e. the number of sheep he intends to attack. 54. Strata, scattered, strewn. Sua arbore, each under its own tree: sua, ablat., in scanning to be pronounced as a monosyllable. 56. Abeat, videas, were to go away from, you would see. assumption that he may be absent? B. 1265; A. 59, IV. 1; G. 2 381. A. & S. 49–52. Does the tense allow the A. & S. ¿ 261, 2; H. 504; Et, even. 57-70. Vitio, ablat. of cause. 58. Pampineas - umbras, has envied the hills the shade of the vine-leaves; the absence of rain causing the vine-leaves to wither. 59. Adventu. The ablat. here denotes both cause and time. 60. Juppiter, the sky, the air. Plurimus, the plenteous. 61. An enumeration of some of the trees sacred to certain deities. 62. Sua, his own. 66. In fluviis, by the rivers. 67. Revisas cedat, you will come to see (me) again shall yield. The present subjunctive in conditional sentences, in general, differs from the fut. ind. only in being less vivid. See references to abeat, line 56. 69. Haec memini. Meliboeus now concludes his story, saying, these verses I now remember, implying, Page WAS 31 probably, that there were others incident to the contest which he did not remember. Notice that memini is here followed by a direct object, haec, and an object-clause, et―Thyrsum, and that Thyrsis vanquished, etc. 70. Ex-nobis, from that time Corydon is a Corydon to us, i. e. his name has become synonymous with admirable poet. This seems to be the natural meaning of the words, though commentators differ in their interpretation of them, and some have even doubted their genuineness. 32 ECLOGUE VIII. INTRODUCTION. ASINIUS POLLIO, to whom this Eclogue is addressed, had, in B. C. 40, completely crushed the Parthini, an Illyrian tribe on the confines of Macedonia, near Dyrrachium. It is probable that the Eclogue was inscribed to him on his return in the subsequent year. The subject, apart from the address (vv. 6-13) and the introductory verses (1-5, 14-16, 62, 63), is twofold. The first part (17-6!) is occupied with the unsuccessful love of a shepherd for Nisa, as sung by Damon. In the second, Alphesiboeus represents the grief felt by a shepherdess when abandoned, as she supposed, by Daphnis, and the magical charms to which she had recourse to bring him back. Hence the title of the Eclogue, borrowed from Theocritus, from the Greek papμakevrpia (pharmaceutria), a sorceress. Z. The two parts do not appear to have any connection with each other, except that they seem to have been sung by two shepherds who were striving together for superiority in verse. An. Each shepherd sings in strophes with a "burden," or, as the French call it, a refrain. The song of Damon is imitated from various passages in the first, third, and eleventh Idyls of Theocritus, and that of Alphesiboeus from the second Idyl. 1-16. Pastorum musam, the song of the shepherds. Musam is the object of dicemus in line 5, which is merely a repetition of the first. 2. Juvenca, the heifer, the part for the whole (herd). The expressions in the text are to be understood as merely extrav = Page agant praises of the power of song. 3. Stupefactae, sc. sunt, 32 were struck with wonder. Carmine, ablat. of cause. 4. Suos cursus, in their courses; accus. of specification (Greek accus.), limiting mutata. The rivers changed their courses so far as, instead of flowing, they ceased to flow, or stood still. 6. Tu mihi, etc., is addressed to Asinius Pollio. Mihi, for me, to be joined with superas; it is the ethical dat., and expresses the speaker's lively interest in the person addressed. 7. Legis, are sailing by. En umquam, ever indeed. 8. Mihi liceat = I shall be permitted. Cum liceat quo die liceat, and this ut eo die liceat; hence liceat is subjunct. of result. 9. En erit, will it indeed be. 10. Sophocleo cothurno, of the buskin of Sophocles, i. e. of the grandeur and dignity of Sophocles, one of the foremost three Greek tragedians. Carmina refers to the tragedies of Pollio. 11. A te - desinet, from you (came) my commencement (as a poet), for you (in your behalf) shall it end; alluding to the well-known fact that Pollio was Virgil's patron. With principium supply erat. 12. Coepta tuis, begun at your. Order: atque sine (permit) hanc hederam serpere circum tempora inter tibi (=your own) victrices laurus; and this is gracefully poetical for "accept the praises of my verse along with your military honors" (As.), poets being crowned with ivy and conquerors with laurel. 13. Tibi, dat. of advantage. 14. Caelo, gov. by de in composition. The time indicated is the early morning. 16. Tereti olivae, on a well-rounded olive staff. A. & S. 2 224; H. 386; B. 826; A. 51, V.; G. 144. 17-30. Nascere, arise; imperative. Praeque veniens, tmesis for et praeveniens. Almum, the balmy. 18. Conjugis, i. e. my (intended) wife. 19. Testibus illis, of her vows; ablat. absol. 20. Extrema hora, in my last hour. 21. This verse is the "burden" or refrain. Maenalios versus, i. e. shepherd songs, such as were sung in Arcadia. 22. Loquentes, speaking, i. e. murmuring, rustling in leaf and branch. 23. Ille, it, Maenalus. 24. Qui primus. Compare this with Ecl. II., 32. Non passus (est esse) inertes. 26. Mopso, the successful rival of Damon. Quid — amantes, (after that) what may we lovers not expect? Speremus, deliberative, or dubitative (potential) subjunct. 27. Equis, with horses; dat. of advantage or interest. 23. Ad pocula, i. e. to drink. See Georg. III., 529. Damae, masculine here. 29. Faces, torches, to be used in the bridal procession in the evening, conducting the bride to her husband's house. Tibi, for you. 30. 32 Nuces, which, at weddings, the bridegroom strewed upon the floor. Tibi - Oetam, the evening star is deserting Oeta for you, i. e. is sinking behind Oeta, and evening is setting in, when the wedding festivities would begin. 33 32-49. Conjuncta, i. e. Nisa. = = = Viro, dat. A. & S. § 224; H. 386; B. 826; A. 51, V.; G. 2 144. 33. Tibi odio, an (object of) hatred to you. A. & S. 2 227; H. 390; B. 848; A. 51, VII.; G. 148. 34. Promissa, lit. my let down my long. 35. Deum, of the gods; partitive gen. A. & S. 212; H. 396, III.; B. 771; A. 50. II.; G. 163 and 166. Mortalia, for human affairs. 37. Sepibus, lit. enclosures gardens; the enclosure for the thing enclosed. Parvam te, you (when a) little girl. Mala, apples. 38. Matre, sc. mea. 39. Alter ab undecimo, lit. another after the eleventh the twelfth; for while alter secundus, we must bear in mind that the Romans in reckoning counted that from which as well as that to which they reckoned, i. e. in this case the eleventh and twelfth. 41. Ut-ut-ut, when how how. Vidi, sc. te. Perii, I was undone. Malus, a mischievous, unfortunate. 43. Illum - puerum, him -a boy. 44. Extremi, the far off. 45. Generis nostri, gen. of quality or description. Edunt, bring forth; the historical present. 47. Matrem, a mother, i. e. Medea the sorceress, who had two children by Jason. 49. Crudelis. What interrogative particle is omitted? A. & S. 265, Rem. 2; H. 346, II. 2; B. 1107; A. 71, II.; G. 246. Puer ille, i. e. Amor. Notice that ille here has the position of emphasis (that well known) after its noun. 52-68. Fugiat, the imperative subjunct. The meaning of the text is, since this wonder has been accomplished, let other wonders follow. 54. Corticibus, instrumental abl. Electra. The ancients believed that the alder and the poplar distilled amber, and Damon would have the tamarisk do the same. 55. Certent, in song. Cycnis, dat. See note to line 8, Ecl. V. Tityrus, as a representative pastoral poet. Orpheus, an Orpheus. 57. (Sit Tityrus) Orpheus, etc. Delphinas, Greek accus. pl. The allusion is to the story of Arion's leaping from a ship into the sea, and his being carried ashore by a dolphin, which was charmed by his musical power. 58. Vel medium mare, even the mid sea, i. e. the deep sea. Con. Vivite, fare ye well. 60. Munus, gift, i. e. my death. Morientis, sc. mei. 62. Damon, sc. dixit. Responderit, indirect question. 63. Non omnes. A proverbial expres |