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CHAPTER XXIX.
THE TINNÉ INDIANS.
The Various Tribes of the Tinné Indians-The Dog Ribs-Clothing-The Hare
Indians-Degraded State of the Women-Practical Socialists-Character-
Cruelty to the Aged and Infirm
CHAPTER XXX.
THE LOUCHEUX, OR KUTCHIN INDIANS.
Page 364
The Countries they inhabit-Their Appearance and Dress-Their Love of Finery
-Condition of the Women-Strange Customs-Character-Feuds with the
Esquimaux-Their suspicious and timorous Lives-Pounds for catching Rein-
deer-Their Lodges
370
CHAPTER XXXI.
ARCTIC VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY FROM THE CABOTS TO BAFFIN.
The First Scandinavian Discoverers of America-The Cabots-Willoughby and
Chancellor (1553-1554)-Stephen Burrough (1556)—Frobisher (1576–1578)—
Davis (1585-1587)-Barentz, Cornelis, and Brant (1594)—Wintering of the
Dutch Navigators in Novaya Zemlya (1596-1597)--John Knight 1606)—Mur-
377
dered by the Esquimaux-Henry Hudson (1607-1609)—Baffin (1616)
CHAPTER XXXII.
ARCTIC VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY, FROM BAFFIN TO M'CLINTOCK.
Buchan and Franklin-Ross and Parry (1818)—Discovery of Melville Island -
Winter Harbour (1819-1820)- Franklin's First Land Journey-Dreadful
Sufferings-Parry's Second Voyage (1821-1823)—Iligliuk-Lyon (1824)—
Parry's Third Voyage (1824)—Franklin's Second Land Journey to the Shores
of the Polar Sea-Beechey-Parry's Sledge Journey towards the Pole-Sir
John Ross's Second Journey-Five Years in the Arctic Ocean-Black's Dis-
covery of the Great Fish River-Dease and Simpson (1837-1839) - Franklin
and Crozier's last Voyage (1845)-Searching Expeditions-Richardson and
Rae-Sir James Ross-Austin-Penny-De Haven-Franklin's First Winter
Quarters discovered by Ommaney-Kennedy and Bellot-Inglefield-Sir E.
Belcher-Kellett-M'Clure's Discovery of the North-West Passage--Collinson
-Bellot's Death-Dr. Rae learns the Death of the Crews of the Erebus' and
"Terror'-Sir Leopold M'Clintock .
CHAPTER XXXIII.
KANE AND HAYES.
391
Kane sails up Smith's Sound in the 'Advance' (1853)-Winters in Rensselaer
Bay-Sledge Journey along the Coast of Greenland-The Three Brother
Turrets-Tennyson's Monument-The Great Humboldt Glacier-Dr. Hayes
crosses Kennedy Channel-Morton's Discovery of Washington Land-Mount
Parry Kane resolves upon a Second Wintering in Rensselaer Bay-Departure
and Return of Part of the Crew-Sufferings of the Winter-The Ship abandoned
-Boat Journey to Upernavik-Kane's Death in the Havannah (1857)-Dr.
Hayes' Voyage in 1860-He winters at Port Foulke-Crosses Kennedy Channel
-Reaches Cape Union, the most Northern known Land upon the Globe-
Koldewey (1868)-Plans for future Voyages to the North Pole
Page 423
CHAPTER XXXIV.
* NEWFOUNDLAND.
Its desolate Aspect-Forests-Marshes-Barrens-Ponds-Fur-Bearing Animals
-Severity of Climate-St. John's-Discovery of Newfoundland by the Scan-
dinavians-Sir Humphrey Gilbert-Rivalry of the English and French-Im-
portance of the Fisheries-The Banks of Newfoundland-Mode of Fishing-
Throaters, Headers, Splitters, Salters, and Packers-Fogs and Storms-Seal
Catching
439
CHAPTER XXXV.
GREENLAND.
A mysterious Region-Ancient Scandinavian Colonists-Their Decline and Fall-
Hans Egede-His Trials and Success-Foundation of Godthaab-Herrenhuth
Missionaries-Lindenow-The Scoresbys-Clavering-The Danish Settlements
in Greenland-The Greenland Esquimaux-Seal Catching-The White Dolphin
-The Narwhal-Shark Fishery-Fiskernässet-Birds-Reindeer Hunting-In-
digenous Plants-Drift-wood-Mineral Kingdom-Mode of Life of the Greenland
Esquimaux-The Danes in Greenland-Beautiful Scenery-Ice Caves 449
PART II.
THE ANTARCTIC REGIONS.
CHAPTER XXXVI.
THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN.
Comparative View of the Antarctic and Arctic Regions-Inferiority of Climate
of the former-Its Causes-The New Shetland Islands-South Georgia-The
Peruvian Stream-Sea-birds-The Giant Petrel-The Albatross-The Penguin
-The Austral Whale-The Hunchback--The Fin-Back-The Grampus-
Battle with a Whale-The Sea-elephant-The Southern Sea-bear-The Sea-
leopard-Antarctic Fishes 465
a
CHAPTER XXXVII.
ANTARCTIC VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY.
Cook's Discoveries in the Antarctic Ocean-Bellinghausen-Weddell—Biscoe-
Balleny-Dumont d'Urville-Wilkes-Sir James Ross crosses the Antarctic
Circle on New Year's Day, 1841-Discovers Victoria Land-Dangerous Landing
on Franklin Island-An Eruption of Mount Erebus-The Great Ice Barrier-
Providential Escape-Dreadful Gale-Collision-Hazardous Passage between
Two Icebergs-Termination of the Voyage
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
THE STRAIT OF MAGELLAN.
Page 479
Description of the Strait-Western Entrance-Point Dungeness-The Narrows-
Saint Philip's Bay-Cape Froward-Grand Scenery-Port Famine The Sedger
River-Darwin's Ascension of Mount Tarn-The Bachelor River-English
Reach Sea Reach-South Desolation-Harbour of Mercy-Williwaws-Dis-
covery of the Strait by Magellan (October 20, 1521)-Drake-Sarmiento--
Cavendish Schouten and Le Maire
Byron-Bougainville-Wallis and
Carteret King and Fitzroy-Settlement at Punta Arenas-Increasing Passage
through the Strait-A future Highway of Commerce
CHAPTER XXXIX.
PATAGONIA AND THE PATAGONIANS.
490
Difference of Climate between East and West Patagonia-Extraordinary Aridity
of East Patagonia-Zoology-The Guanaco-The Tucutuco-The Patagonian
Agouti-Vultures-The Turkey-Buzzard-The Carrancha-The Chimango-
Darwin's Ostrich-The Patagonians-Exaggerated Accounts of their Stature—
Their Physiognomy and Dress-Religious Ideas-Superstitions-Astronomical
Knowledge-Division into Tribes-The Tent or Toldo-Trading Routes-
The Great Cacique-Introduction of the Horse-Industry-Amusements—
Character
503
CHAPTER XL.
THE FUEGIANS.
Their miserable Condition-Degradation of Body and Mind-Powers of Mimicry
--Notions of Barter-Causes of their low State of Cultivation-Their Food-
Limpets-Cyttaria Darwini-Constant Migrations-The Fuegian Wigwam-
Weapons Their probable Origin-Their Number and various Tribes-Con-
stant Feuds-Cannibalism-Language-Adventures of Fuegia Basket, Jemmy
Button, and York Minster-Missionary Labours-Captain Gardiner - His
lamentable End
515