10. How do luxuries for the palate, together with the irregular use of them, affect the health of children? What is the influence on the moral character?

11. What is the cause of the early decay of female health in this country? and what is the remedy?

12. Would not a sanitary investigation and a report by a committee be of great service in every town, by making known existing and possible causes of sickness, especially those appertaining to the location and other material conditions of dwellings?

b, d, f, g, h, j, i, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, y, ዓ.

as usually employed.

FIKSƐXON OV ε IWGLI OREOGRAFI.

Hwen dɛ era ov printiŋ had arjvd it woz hard tu spel diferentli on aɛ sám paj. Printerz jurnimen son fond dat it woz veri trublsum tu folo de manyuskript leter bį leter; it woz ezier tu remember wun form, er nærli wun form ov spelin a wurd, and tu pik up de tips by memori. Printerz rederz enkurajd yuniformiti for de buti ov de paj, and sumbiŋ lik a definit sistem ov spelin gradyчali wurkt its wa intu printed buks, printed buks, obzerv, not manyuskripts. It iz a veri grat mistak tu konfond de to, and unles buks qr profesedli printed literatim from de otorz manyųskript đa qr no prof hwotever ov de stil ov spelin hwig he advokated. It iz nesesári, hsever, tu bar in mind dat de tro reformerz ov er Inglif spelin, de tro sors hwens we kan tras or prezent aprog tu yuniformiti, wid diferensez not amantiŋ tu mug mor dan wun wurd in siksti, must be lukt for in đɛ Printerz Redin Rom. Ov kors de printerz rederz, do at ferst literári men, kud not be konsiderd in realiti tu be ov mug wat az literari etoritiz. Ha wer glad femselvz tu adopt sum aknolejd etoriti hwen da kud find it. de aj ov leksikografi kám, and dɛ printerz råder kluŋ tu hiz dikfonári az a fet ankor.

8R PREZENT OREOGRAFI α SHENTIFIK

FЯLYUR.

He Inglif langwaj iz reprezented bį a seriez ov sįnz, hwię orijinali dedust from Fonetik konsiderafonz, qr ns totali inadek wat tu reprezent de sandz uterd, and it ma be aserted wid perfekt træt, dat no Inglisman kan be fur hs tu pronans a wurd hwig he haz onli sen and never herd, er hs tu rit a wurd he haz onli herd and never sen on paper. It iz tro he ma aproksimat bob tu de sand and tu de form, and de mor he haz red and ritn de mor klos wil hiz aproksimafon bɛ, and he må evn hit upon de agzakt sand or form but it must nesesarili be ges wurk, for dar iz absolutli no gįdiŋ prinsipl hwotever.

No it rekwirz but a bref konsiderafon tu kondem dis stát ov tiŋz, hwig iz mug wurs dan de Cinez, bekoz, in de Cinez karakterz dar iz so muc plan and sistem dat hwen de radikalz qr non, sum konsepfon ov de tot intended bj de komplet sin kan be formd, hwąraz, hwen de alfabet iz non, no proper konsepĵon kan be fermd ov de send ov de wurd reprezented. We must darfor kondem de prezent Inglif ortografi az not fulfilin de purpusez for hwig speliŋ woz invented, hwil at de sám tim, it duz not fulfil de purpus hwig doz ho wud prezerv it bink it suted, - it duz not fo de menin or orijin ov de wurd, and dus led tu de konsepfon ov de tot insted ov de konsepfon ov de sand. Wer or ortografi, den, a sjentifik invenson, (insted ov an historik groß,) it must bɛ kondemd az a sjentifik fályųr.

Answers to Questions on the School Taw,

QUESTION.

BY THE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.

The local directors of sub-district No. 9 in Springfield township, Hamilton county, included in their annual report of the number of youth of school age residing in their sub-district, seventy children belonging to the "City Infirmary of Cincinnati," which is located in said sub-district, and outside of the corporate limits of said city; and because the children belonging to said Infirmary were thus enumerated, the board of directors of said Infirmary requested the local directors of said sub-district to establish a school for the instruction of said children.

The questions submitted are, whether the local directors as aforesaid are authorized by the general school law of the State, to include in their annual enumeration of youth, the children or youth of school age sent by the city of Cincinnati to said Infirmary, and whether they have any power to establish a school therein as requested.

ANSWER. To both of the foregoing questions a negative answer seems to be warranted by the provisions of the School Law, and by the enactments pertaining to the establishment, maintenance and government of said Infirmary, as well as by the decisions and adjudications of analogous cases arising under similar laws in other States.

In Sec. 8 of the general school law of this State, local directors of sub-districts are authorized to include in their annual enumeration, "all the unmarried white and colored youth, noting them separately, between the ages of five and twentyone years, resident within their respective sub-districts, and not temporarily there. The question who shall, and who shall not, be enumerated, depends upon the nterpretation or construction of the term "resident," and the meaning of the phrase "temporarily there,” etc.

It has been decided by the courts that a person can not gain a residence in a place unless he goes there with the intention of remaining.

Hence it has been held by the highest legal tribunal in the State of New York, under a provision in the school law of that State similar to the one above quoted, that students of universities and colleges, children attending academies and private schools, or boarding in sub-districts for the sole purpose of attending school, can not legally be included in the annual report of the enumeration of youth of the sub-districts in which such institutions or schools are situated, or in which such children board for the purpose of attending school, unless their parents, guardians, or employers, do also reside in such sub-districts. The general rule on this subject is, that the residence of the parent or guardian is also the residence of the child or ward. There are a few cases which appear, at first view, to be exceptions to the rule just mentioned. It has been decided, for instance, that a boy might be enumerated in the school district in which his employer resided, although his father was a resident of another district, provided the boy was not a mere boarder, but actually lived with said employer as a member of his family, and worked on his farm like his own children. The exception to the rule, that the residence of the parent is the residence-for school purposes of the child, is this, viz: that children hired to labor and service in the family of an inhabitant of the district and regarded and treated as part of the family of such inhabitants and not as mere temporary boarders, may legally be included in the enumeration of said district, and rightfully claim the privilege of attending its school.

To constitute children residents of sub-districts for school purposes, does not require as much as it would to entitle their parents or guardians to a legal settlement, or to the privileges of the elective franchise.

It has been held, for example, that if a man is employed in a school district in taking care of a mill from fall till spring, his children may be enumerated in the district and attend its school. If a person who is not an inhabitant of some other district in the State, resides temporarily in a given district, all the members of his family of school age may be enumerated and attend school in the district; for the obvious reason that they can not legally be enumerated and attend school in any other school district.

On this particular point, the established rule is, that the annual reports of local directors of sub-districts may legally include all children over five and under twenty-one years of age, who are actually in the sub-districts, composing a part of the family of their parents, guardians or employers, although the residence of such parents, guardians or employers, be temporary, provided always, however, that such children can not legally be enumerated elsewhere, and provided also that their parents, guardians, etc., are actual residents of the State, and not mere transient persons stopping for a few weeks or months at some particular place, for a mere temporary purpose.

Hence it has been held that the children of those working upon canals and railroads, stopping a few weeks in one school district, and then moving forward into another, as the work on said canals or railroads progressed, could not legally be enumerated in the school districts in which they chanced to be when the enumeration was taken, or claim the privilege of attending the common schools in any of the districts where they happened to tarry for a short time.

In such cases, however, the proper school officers may in their discretion, permit them to enter the schools under their charge.

Students of colleges, academies, boarding schools, etc., can not be enumerated in the districts in which such institutions are situated, for the obvious reason

that they can be enumerated in the districts where their parents or guardians reside, as they are sent from home for a temporary purpose.

School districts are generally formed with a view to the accommodation of the inhabitants residing permanently within them, and with a regard to the number of children who may be conveniently instructed in the schools, as well as with reference to such increase as in the ordinary progress of settlement may reasonably be anticipated.

To allow students of colleges and academies, or the inmates of County or City Infirmaries, or the children of transient persons, to be enumerated in the sub-districts in which such institutions are established, or where such transient persons are sojourning, might cause the schools to become so crowded as seriously to prejudice the interests of the permanent inhabitants, and, indeed, for all practical purposes, work a disorganization of such districts for the time being. A construction of the law which leads to such consequences, would certainly not consist with its intention.

Let us now make an application of the above principles to the case under consideration.

By an act of the general assembly of Ohio, passed March 19th, 1849, the city council of Cincinnati were authorized to establish the Infirmary in question, for the accommodation of the poor of said city, to purchase for its accommodation such lot or tract of land, within the county of Hamilton, as they might judge necessary, to erect suitable buildings thereon for its accommodation, to confide its management, and government, under such rules and regulations as the said council might prescribe, to a board of three directors to be elected by the quali fied voters of said city, and to determine the conditions upon which any of the poor of said city might be removed to, or discharged from, said Infirmary.

Hence it is manifest that said Infirmary is as much under the control and management of said city council, and its inmates of school age as legally enti tled to be enumerated in said city, as if said Infirmary were located within its corporate limits. They are sent there for a temporary purpose, by the proper authorities of the city, and may be recalled or discharged at any time.

They are as much the residents of said city, as the students of colleges, academies and boarding schools, are residents of the school districts in which their parents reside.

In other States, and under provisions in their school laws similar to the one contained in Sec. 8 of the school law of this State, it has been repeatedly decided that children in county poor-houses can not be legally enumerated in the school districts in which such houses are situated, unless their parents or guardians reside in such districts also.

In the case of Millcreek tp. v. Miami tp., 10 Ohio Rep., 375 and 377, it was held, that where a pauper was sent by a township to the hospital in Cincinnati, and kept there for thirteen months, at the expense of the township, he gained a settlement in the township sending him to the hospital, as, in contemplation of law, his residence was in the township while receiving temporary treatment at the hospital. It was also held, that he gained no settlement in Cincinnati; because he was there by the procurement of the township, and at its expense, nor for the purpose of gaining a residence or legal settlement, but for that of sustenance.

So it is with the inmates of said Infirmary; they are there by the procurement of the city of Cincinnati, not for the purpose of gaining a residence or legal settlement, but for the purpose of economy, health and sustenance for the time being. In contemplation of law, they are still residents of Cincinnati, and can not legally be enumerated elsewhere. H. H. BARNEY, Commissioner of Common Schools.

Valedictory.

In taking leave of the readers of Educational Papers with whom the undersigned has been connected for nearly ten years, the mind naturally reverts to the history of the papers through whose monthly issues he has been accustomed to address them.

On the first of July 1846, the first number of the "Ohio School Journal" was published: this work, issued monthly in octavo form, was continued till the close of 1849, when it was united with the "School Friend," published by W. B. Smith & Co., in Cincinnati, then in its fourth volume: this was continued till the close of the fifth volume in Sept., 1851, under the editorial charge of Messrs. H. H. Barney, C. Knowlton, and the undersigned.

In Jan. 1851 the "Public School Advocate and High School Magazine " was commenced: this was an octavo of 16 pages, one half of which was edited by the undersigned, the other by the Pupils of the Public High School of Columbus. It was continued only one year.

In 1852 the "Ohio Journal of Education " was established, and its management entrusted to the subscriber as Resident Editor.

Of each of the four volumes of the Ohio School Journal, an edition of from 1500 to 4000 copies was printed; the circulation of the School Friend was between 3000 and 4000 copies; of the Public School Advocate 1000 copies were printed; of the Journal of Education vol. first, 3000 were printed, and since that, the edition has numbered 4,500.

The character and influence of the Journal are too well known to need comment here. In regard to the usefulness and influence of the Journals above named which preceded it, it would not be proper for us to speak it is pleasant to remember that in every town or city where any number of copies of them were taken, good Public Schools are now, and have for some time been, in successful operation; and in counties where several of the Teachers of district schools were subscribers, Teachers' Institutes have been frequently and well sustained, and the Teachers and Schools have greatly improved. On the other hand there are several towns of considerable size which were not reached by any of these pioneer works, in which the schools are to this day scarcely, if it all, better than they were ten years since.

In closing our editorial connection with the Journal we assure all its friends that our interest in the cause to which it is devoted, is not in the least diminished; and we most heartily rejoice that the day has