Municipal means relating to a corporation; when contrasted with national, it may refer to a State.

Suffrage, a vote. Ballot, a written vote or ticket. Franchise, a particular privilege; as the elective franchise. Citizenship, the right to enjoy the franchise of a citizen. Naturalization, the act or process by which a foreigner becomes a citizen.

Quorum, such a number of any body as is necessary to do business. Majority, more than half. Minority, less than half. Plurality, a number greater than any other person receives; as, a plurality of votes. A legal tender is the offer of such an article as the law requires, in payment of a debt.

Taxes are contributions imposed by the government upon individuals for the service of the State.

Revenue is the money raised for the uses of the government: it may be derived from various sources.

Duties, Imposts or Customs are sums required by governments to be paid on goods imported or exported.

Tariff, a list or table of duties required to be paid upon goods.

A Court is a place in which justice is judicially administered.

Jury, a number of men selected for the purpose and sworn to inquire into a matter of fact or try a cause. A Petit Jury usually consists of twelve men; a Grand Jury, (in this State,) of fifteen, twelve of whom must agree in a verdict.

A Coroner's Jury, or Jury of Inquest, is one summoned by a Coroner in a case of sudden or violent death.

A Verdict is the true saying, or answer of a Jury.

Jurisdiction is the extent or limit of legal power.

An Indictment is a written accusation of a crime or misdemeanor, presented upon oath, by a grand jury.

Judgment is the sentence of law, pronounced by the court.

A Reprieve is the temporary suspension of the execution of a sen

tence.

Impeachment is a public accusation of maladministration.

Crime or misdemeanor is an act committed, or omitted, in violation of public laws. Murder, Manslaughter, Homicide, Arson, Burglary, Robbery, Incest, Duelling, and several other offenses, are included in this list.

Treason is levying war against the United States, adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. Rebellion, is open and avowed renunciation of the government to which one owes allegiance. Secession, is a withdrawal from connection with a federal government. Revolution, is a radical change in a government.

b, d, f, g, h, j, i, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v,

as usually employed.

CONSONANTS.

ht,

14, Σ 33,

etch, bath,

bathe, marsh, rouge,

sing.

w, y, z,

æε ALFABETIK PRINSIPL

AND ITS

DEJENERЯKON.

It

He prinsipl ov alfabetik rįtiŋ iz dis: Tu analiz de søndz ov spec intu dar simpl elements, tu invent a sin hwig fal akyuratli reprezent eg elɛment, and bį kombiniŋ de sinz' tu reprezent de sand rezultiŋ from de vokal kombináĵon ov de elements. His iz de hol objekt and intenson ov alfabetik ritin. Tus in de Sanskrit laŋgwaj everi ganj ov sɣnd woz akyurátli reprezented bį a çanj ov leter. If de konkurens ov to sɣndz woz akumpanid in spec wid an elterafon in wun ov dem, fer ez er byti ov uterans, dat çanj, eldo it mit onli be temporari, az in de kazчal metin ov to wurdz, woz markt in de ortografi. He yufonik lez hwię gramárianz hav detekted az influensiŋ dez çanjez okyupid no les dan berti pajez in Bopp's "Kritische Grammatik der Sanskrita Sprache in kurzerer Fassung."} iz important tu not dis, bekez de Sanskrit laŋgwaj iz de grat storhas hwens komparativ etimoloji drez her tregurz. Az, hɣever, tim went on, dis orijinal alfabetik fɛliŋ bɛkam mor or les lost. de Greks, inded, ganjd dar spelin skropulusli tu imitát ganj ov djalekt, (wid hwig we fud hav bin uđerwiz unakwanted,) and we find de Latin ortografi variiŋ in diferent ȧjez. It mit hav bin ekspekted hwen đɛ Jerman "bqrbarianz" put on đɛ Latin alfabet az dá did de Latin spolz widst mug regard tu fitnes, dat ertografi fud run wild, but stil it woz beter in intenfon dan dat we no hav. He alfabet ov Ulfilas de Got iz a veri kreditabl performans. de alfabet hwig Sirilus formd for đɛ Sklavonik laŋgwajez haz fänded đɛ praktikal wurkin sistem ov ritin ns yuzd in Rafia. But it woz in suç kuntriz az Frans and Ingland dat de grátest konfuzon aroz from de konfuzon ov laŋ

gwajez. In Ingland de orijinal Ronik leterz ov de Anglo Sakson wer gradyчali disyuzd and dar plás suplid veri imperfektli bį Roman leterz. Wid gråt vrajeti ov djalekt dar woz grat varjeti ov speliŋ. Ten kam de Nerman invazon wid de introdukfon ov a langwaj elredi mikst, and rolerz ho wer ignorant ov Sakson. Hens aroz a mikstyur ov de langwajez

and a konfuzon in speliŋ, fer "klęrks" ov Sakson orijin rot wurdz hqf Sakson and hqf Freng, and uđerz ov Nerman ekstrakson puzld over de Sakson wurdz. At leŋt, az de langwajez bekam buroli fuzd intu Iŋlif, and lamen lernd tu rit and trid đąr handz at speliŋ-prinsipali at far on namz, hoever-el ral semd tu be brokn tro. Je sám wurdz in de sam paj wer ritn in diferent waz. Pepl did not sem serten abst dar în namz. de Persiz ov Norðumberland kontrjvd tu rit dar nam in fiften diferent manerz; Lord Burli did not no ho tu spel Lord Lesterz nám, and for its mater ov dat Lester himself had at diferent waz tu goz from.

Answers to Questions on the School Kaw,

BY THE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.

county, held an

QUESTION 104. The Board of School Examiners of adjourned meeting on the first Monday of April last; and on the same day, and at the same place, the annual township election was held in the court house. The schools of the town being in session on that day, it became necessary for said Board of Examiners to rent a room for the purpose of holding said examination, as the free use of no suitable room could be procured. Can the county Auditor legally issue his warrant on the county Treasurer for the payment of said rent? In other words, does the law authorize county Auditors to furnish rooms and fuel, as well as books and stationery, for the purpose of accommodating such examinations?

ANSWER. In answering the foregoing question, it is proper to state, that it has not been customary in the counties of this State, or in other States, to rent rooms for the accommodation of meetings held for the examination of teachers. The reason is, no doubt, that Boards of School Examiners have generally been able to procure suitable rooms without the payment of rent. The use of court houses, school houses, churches, or public halls, has generally been freely tendered to them for this important object.

But in as much as it is made the "duty of the Examiners to fix upon the time of holding meetings for the examination of teachers, in such place as their respective counties as will, in their opinion, best accommodate the greatest number of candidates for examination," it would seem reasonable and proper, when suitable rooms could not be procured without payment of rent, that county Auditors should authorize the Examiners to hire rooms, and should issue warrants for the payment of the expenses necessarily incurred in procuring such rooms, providing stationery, fuel, etc.

QUESTION 105.-Can township boards of education legally authorize the transfer of scholars to the school of an incorporated village, or "separate school district," at any other than their regular meetings?

ANSWER. It is believed that such transfers may legally be made at special meetings, when the better accommodation of the scholars plainly demands it. In the last clause of Sec. 32 of the school law, is is stated that transfers of territory not within the limits of such corporation, may be made to or from such separate or special school district, by agreement between the board of education of the township in which such village with the territory annexed may be situated, and the board of education of such village, without requiring that such agreement shall be made at the regular meetings only of said boards.

In the last clause of Sec. 33, it is declared to be lawful for the township board of education of any township in which such incorporated village is situated, by and with the consent of the village board, to transfer thereto for educational purposes, the scholars of such parts of their township as lie adjacent thereto, and that all such transfers shall be controlled on the same principles, as in case of like transfers for the convenience of schools where two or more townships adjoin, as provided in Sec. 16 of the school act. And in Sec. 16, it is made the duty of the respective boards to transfer persons for educational purposes whenever it shall appear that they are so situated as to be better accommodated at the school of an adjoining township. In neither of these cases is it required that such transfer shall be authorized or assented to by said boards of education at their regular meetings only.

These cases seem to constitute an exception to the rule laid down in Sec. 14 for the general redistricting of townships. By this section it is made the duty of the board to prepare, or cause to be prepared, a map of their township as often as they deem necessary and to designate thereon the sub-districts of the township, and to change or alter the same, viz: the map and the sub-districts, at any regular session. This provision evidently relates to the general redistricting of the township, the abolition or consolidation of sub-districts, the creation of new sub districts, or the essential alteration of old ones; but it does not control the provisions contained in Secs. 16, 32, and 33, in relation to transfers of scholars from one township to another, or to the school of a separate or special sehool district.

QUESTION 106.- A youth now fourteen years of age, and an orphan, resided since the death of his parents, with his sister in Sandusky, until a year ago, when he visited his brothers in Indiana and Illinois. Having, however, always regarded his home as at his sister's, he returned to this State, and when she moved to the village of - he went with her, and was permitted to attend the common school of said village. Not long since, he went to live with a gentleman, a resident of said village, expecting to remain with him, for an indefinite period of time, perhaps until he should be twenty-one years old, unless prevented by some misunderstanding, not then apprehended.

The question has been raised by the board of education, as to the right of said youth to attend the Union School of said village, as a resident scholar. Does the school law give him that right?

ANSWER. Perhaps the best way to settle the above question, is to inquire whether said youth might legally have been included in the annual enumeration of the youth of said village, had the law required such enumeration to be taken at the very time said question arose. In Sec. 8 of the present school law, it is declared that such enumeration shall include all those who are residents within the school district and not temporarily there. The youth in question, was not

temporarily in said village, for he came there, as it would seem, with the intention of remaining, and that constituted him in law, a resident.

Moreover, in Sec. 63, it is declared that the State school fund is raised for the express purpose of affording the advantages of a free education to all the youth of this State; and there can be no doubt that the boy referred to is one of said youth, and as such is entitled to the privilege of attending some one of the common schools of the State, and if some one, it must be that of the village already referred to.

The question as to what particular school the youth of school age have a right to attend, is well settled in the following cases, viz:

1. They are entitled to the privilege of attending the school in the district where their parents, guardians, or employers reside, although such residence be temporary, provided they actually compose a part of the family of such parents, guardians, or employers.

2. If they are hired to labor or service in the family of an inhabitant of the district, and are regarded and treated as part of his family and not as mere temporary boarders, they are entitled to participate in the privileges of the district school. 3. If they have neither parents nor guardians, they may attend the school of the district in which the families reside, with whom they elect to make their homes. In short, they may attend the school of the district where they are temporarily residing, provided they could not legally be enumerated in any other district.

But children coming into a district and boarding for the purpose of attending school therein, are not entitled to that privilege, unless the school directors see fit to grant it.

If a person, however, who is not an inhabitant of some other district, resides temporarily in a given district, all the children of school age belonging to his family, may attend the school of the district in which he thus temporarily resides. H. H. BARNEY, Commissioner of Common Schools.

The Rate at which Waves Travel.-A paper was read by Prof. Bache before the American Scientific Association, stating that at nine o'clock on the morning of the 23d of December, 1854, an earthquake occurred at Simoda, on the island of Niphon, Japan, and occasioned the wreck of the Russian frigate Diana, which was then in port. The harbor was first emptied of water, and then came in an enormous wave which again receded and left the harbor dry. This occurred several times.-The United States has self-acting tide gauges at San Francisco and San Diego, which record the rise of the tide upon cylinders, turned by clocks; and at San Francisco, four thousand eight hundred miles from the scene of the earthquake, the first wave arrived twelve hours and sixteen minutes after it had receded from the harbor of Simoda. It had traveled across the broad bosom of the Pacific ocean at the rate of six and a half miles a minute, and arived safely on the shores of California, to astonish the scientific observers of the coast surveying expedition. The first wave, or rising of the waters, at San Francisco, was seven-tenths of a foot in height, and lasted for about half an hour. It was followed by a series of seven other waves of less magnitude, at intervals of an hour each. At San Diego similar phenomena were observed, although on account of a greater distance from Simoda, (four hundred miles greater than to San Francisco,) the waves did not arrive so soon, and were not quite as high.