Billeder på siden
PDF
ePub

of this triumphal excursion festivities of all kinds rapidly succeeded one another; in both cities the reception of the illustrious visitors was enthusiastic, and the appearance of Joséphine at the Brussels theatre excited so prolonged an ovation that Talma, the "Cinna" of the evening, was unable for several minutes to proceed with his part. Early in August the First Consul returned to St. Cloud, and two months later "Andromaque" was performed there by his express command, he himself arranging the cast of the piece, which included Talma, Lafon, and the two new recruits, Mademoiselles Duchesnois and Georges, the latter of whom, as is well known, had attracted the special notice of the chief of the state by her incomparable beauty.

actors of the Théâtre Français, summoned to take the oath of allegiance to their sovereign, were entitled "comedians in ordinary of the Emperor." In the following year, during the absence of Napoleon in Italy, the first performance of "Les Templiers," by Raynouard, created an extraordinary sensation; this piece, one of the most important novelties of the period, was played thirty-five times consecutively, and on the Emperor's return was represented before him at St. Cloud. It has been stated that, in the course of an interview with the author, Napoleon suggested some alterations in "Les Templiers." Raynouard not only declined to make these, but also refused certain offers of advancement made to him. "He prefers his independence," the Emperor is reported to have said to Fontanes, "which means opposition to my will. Very well, let him do as he likes, but he must be 'surveillé.'

In 1804, Bonaparte's appearances at the theatre were few and far between. This abstention was probably due to two causes; first, to a doubt as to his reception by the In October, 1805, war having been audience owing to the recent execution of declared against Austria, Napoleon left the Duc d'Enghien, which had excited a Paris at the head of his army, and on his painful sensation throughout France; and arrival at Strasbourg a characteristic trait secondly, to the manifold occupations is recorded of him; namely, the despatch entailed on him by the approaching pro- of an order that a "gratification" should clamation of the Empire. A single visit be paid to Fleury, whose acting in "Le to the Opéra in the early part of the year Menteur" had amused him. Two months is recorded by Madame de Rémusat, who later the battle of Austerlitz had been won, accompanied Joséphine on the occasion, and popular excitement was at its height; and who states in her Memoirs that the bulletins from the seat of war were read First Consul, on entering his box, "ad-aloud amid acclamations in every theatre, vanced to the front as if he were charging and hastily improvised couplets in praise a battery, and, either because the spectators of the army and its chief were sung by the had not forgotten their habit of applauding him, or on account of precautions taken by the police, was received with a fair show of enthusiasm." Nevertheless, although disinclined to brave the public gaze, Bonaparte was far from neglecting the concerns of his favourite theatre; and in the contest for supremacy between Duchesnois and Georges, which had been taken up by the press with great acrimony on both sides, openly avowed his partisanship for Mademoiselle Georges; whereas Joséphine, jealous of the impression produced on her husband by the beautiful actress, as strenuously supported her talented but plain-featured rival. So that, in his anxiety to please all parties, Monsieur de Rémusat, superintendent of the theatres, had a hard time of it. Eventually both were admitted members of the society, and peace once more reigned in the house of Molière."

On May the eighteenth, 1804, the Empire was proclaimed, and a fortnight later the

actors. Shortly after the return of the conqueror, he visited the Opéra and the Comédie Française in state, and on both occasions, says an eye-witness, "was received with an enthusiasm bordering on frenzy."

Talma had always been Napoleon's favourite actor, and the few details handed down to us of their conversations at St. Cloud and elsewhere are extremely curious and interesting. Nothing pleased the Emperor more than an opportunity of airing his opinions on dramatic art, a subject of which he was never weary; and while discussing the relative merits of Corneille and Racine, or criticising Le recent productions at the Théâtre Fr çais and their interpreters, he displayed an acuteness of perception which astonished the professional listener. "You gesticulate too much," he said one day to the tragedian, referring to the latter's performance of Cæsar in "La Mort de Pompée"; "such is not the habit of Emperors or Kings.

You come here frequently, and find me surrounded by a crowd of petitioners, Princes who have lost their thrones, and generals ambitious of occupying one; all actors in their way, myself included. Do you see us lift our arms above our heads? Do you hear us force our voices beyond the usual pitch? No, we speak naturally, without exaggeration either of tone or gesture; but our tragedy-and we have plenty of it-is none the less effective for being real!" On another occasion, the actor happening to remark that the subsidy granted by Government to the Opéra was considerably larger than that enjoyed by the Comédie Française: "Very possibly," replied the Emperor, "but you forget, Talma, that the Opéra is the luxury of the nation, whereas your theatre is its glory." The year 1806 was marked by an arbitrary act on the part of Napoleon, which was deeply resented by Paris playgoers. The number of theatres in the capital had for some time been steadily increasing, amounting altogether to twenty-five; of these only ten were allowed to remain open, the other fifteen being suppressed by an Imperial decree. This rigorous measure, adopted in consequence of the Emperor's idea that the multiplicity of minor theatres seriously affected the receipts of the more important establishments, does not appear to have benefited the latter; for in a passage of Madame de Rémusat's Memoirs she expressly states that "the Opéra is heavily in debt, the Opéra Comique attracts no one, and the Théâtre Français is on its last legs. Meanwhile, the Parisians care for nothing but the 'Pied de Mouton' and the ballets of the Porte St. Martin."

In 1807, the tragic repertory of the Comédie Française had been deprived of one of its principal interpreters by the sudden departure of Mademoiselle Georges, who, in order to escape from her creditors, had secretly left Paris, and betaken herself to St. Petersburg, where a brilliant engagement had been offered her. This "escapade" occurring shortly before the Imperial "progress" to Erfurt, a substitute for the fugitive was indispensable, and Mademoiselle Bourgoin, a promising young ress, was chosen to fill her place.

According to Madame Talma, who accompanied her husband to Erfurt, a large barn having been transformed into a temporary theatre, two arm-chairs were reserved for the Emperor Alexander and Napoleon, the rest of the spectators, Kings, Princes, and other notabilities, including

"Monsieur de Goethe, conseiller intime," occupying the remaining seats. Sixteen performances were given at Erfurt, besides one of "La Mort de César" at Weimar ; the latter tragedy having been selected by Napoleon himself in spite of Talma's objections, almost every line containing some allusion which could hardly fail to embarrass both audience and actors. The Emperor, however, was deaf to all remonstrances, and the piece was played; it amused him to compare his own position with that of Cæsar surrounded by conspirators, "all ready," he said, "to fall on me whenever they have a chance !"

In the brief intervals between Napoleon's campaigns, the leading actors of the Comédie Française were in constant attendance on him either at Fontainebleau, Trianon, or the Tuileries; consequently the receipts of their own theatre, mainly supported by performers of inferior merit, were hardly sufficient to defray the current expenses. Abuses of all kinds, moreover, had gradually become, if not positively authorised, at least tolerated; and while the few Parisians who still frequented the Théâtre Français were condemned to listen to worn-out stock pieces played by indifferently trained recruits, the "chefs d'emploi," whenever they were free to follow their own devices, reaped a rich harvest by giving performances on their private account at Lyons, Bordeaux, and other provincial towns. This unsatis factory state of things was not remedied until 1812, when the famous decree of Moscow, dictated in three successive evenings by Napoleon during his occupation of the Kremlin, reorganised the Théâtre Français on an entirely new basis, the principal articles of which, with some necessary modifications, are still in force at the present day.

In June, 1813, profiting by a temporary cessation of hostilities, the Emperor, accompanied as usual by a large contingent from the Théâtre Français, arrived at Dresden; this time comedy was in the ascendant, its chief interpreters being Fleury and Mademoiselle Mars. Scarcely, however, had the opening performance been given, when the unexpected return of Mademoiselle Georges from Russia, after an absence of five years, rendered a change in the programme necessary. Talma was hastily summoned from Bordeaux, and St. Prix and other actors from Paris; and the fair delinquent having been received with open arms, Corneille and

Racine henceforth occupied the "affiche" alternately with Molière and Marivaux.

A pleasing anecdote, relating to Mademoiselle Mars, may appropriately be recorded here. During her stay in Dresden, while driving in an open carriage with Mademoiselle Bourgoin, the horses suddenly took fright, and both ladies were thrown out. Mademoiselle Bourgoin escaped unhurt, but Mademoiselle Mars was slightly bruised on the forehead, and by a natural instinct of coquetry, in order to hide the disfigurement, wore a veil for some days after the accident. Happening to meet the Emperor on the promenade, he gallantly condoled with her on her "little misfortune." "But," he added, gently lifting the veil as he spoke, "that 18 no reason for depriving me of the pleasure of admiring your charming face." Such a compliment, from one who rarely paid any, was an event in the actress's life, and Mademoiselle Mars never forgot it. Once, and once only, during the "Hundred Days," on April the twenty-first, 1815, Napoleon was present at the Comédie Française, having expressed a desire to see Talma and Mademoiselle Duchesnois in the tragedy of "Hector." He was received by the fickle Parisians with the same enthusiasm they had recently lavished on the Emperor Alexander and the King of Prussia, and, on retiring after the conclusion of the piece, sent a complimentary message to the two eminent artists in acknowledgement of the talent displayed by them. He never entered a theatre again.

NIGHT AND DAY IN JAMAICAN

MOUNTAINS.

THE last mosquito is gone. Up here in the mountains we never see the lively dipteran after dusk; night, on the contrary, is, on the plains, the time for its painful operations. The great black swifts that every evening sweep over the house with a rushing sound of wings have all passed into the darkening east. It is a still and balmy evening-one of a long series in this tropical summer-bearable, even pleasant, three thousand feet above the sea. Almost the only sounds to break the quiet are the low coo-a note of sweet content-of a wild pigeon in the forest, and the softened bark of a dog at one of the white-walled cottages on the distant hills. The eye from this lofty vantage-point takes in many a

square mile of varied landscape, with a background of sea, growing faint under the gathering mists; and the whole land lies peaceful, resting from the exhausting effects of the August day. So still is the air that the smoke from a negro's provision field in a valley below rises in a thin blue stream perpendicularly from the earth.

We are far removed from the haunts of men, from towns and centres of trade, the nearest settlement is miles away, and on all sides the primeval forest encircles us. The calm of Nature seems to enter into body and spirit. It is the hour of reveries -a time for peace with oneself and with all men.

In the east the lofty mass of the Blue Mountains, a little while before golden in the setting sun, has purpled and changed to a dull grey; about its Peak a crest of snowy cloud has gathered. "It has put on its night-cap," we used to say. The mist, too, is collecting in the valleys near us, and a great owl, flying down between a break in the forest, shows quite white, though tawny in plumage, against the dark wall of trees. The honeysuckle, white and yellow-flowered, growing upon the fence of the barbecue, throws out a sweet perfume; and a hawk-moth, three inches in length, is plunging his head into the flowers. Clad in a suit of Lincoln green, with two bands of crimson across his back, he is a gorgeous insect, and forms quite a contrast with another that can only boast, though of larger bulk, a garment of dingy brown and black; while a third species at the honeysuckle is arrayed in a coat of sober grey flecked with black spots. Among these greater folk, slighter and more agile moths skip from flower to flower, touching each barely for an instant. Countless minute insects-beetles and flies-crawl and creep within the sweet-scented petals, some lingering there till the morning to form a breakfast for the humming-birds. In the air above, a goat-sucker darts up and down, following its curious zigzag course, at times uttering the cry-it has no pretensions to a song-which has earned for it the sobriquet of the "Gi'-me-a-bit." is plying its trade of insect-hunter, and from its busy manner appears to be well rewarded with the spoils of the chase. Once or twice, bringing its pointed wings together across its back, it has swooped down some thirty feet or more through the air, making a noise as if one had blown into the mouth of an empty flask.

It

Columbus, when asked to describe

Jamaica, crumpled up a sheet of notepaper and, half smoothing out the folds, Isid it on the table as the best illustration he could give of the mountainous nature of the island. We cannot improve upon this as a description of the present scene, beautiful as it is. Behind and to the right the rising hills, vertebræ of the rocky backbone of the island, are clothed to their highest ridges with the swelling folds of the dark green forest, which serves to soften the jagged outline of the honeycombed limestone.

noble race of savages, first possessors of the land, whose gentle habits still live in tradition. Alas! the aborigine was effectually exterminated by the discovering Spaniard. Our vision of the lake vanishes, and in its stead is the Vale of St. Thomas, lying dark in the shadow of the hills.

The entry to the Vale from the south is by a pass known by the scarcely euphonious name of the Bog Walk. Here the encircling hills have been cleft from crown to base, forming a gorge of surpassing beauty. The road winds along the foot of the hills, and below, the Rio Cobre, between banks fringed with deadly dumbcane and a hundred other plants of succulent and vigorous growth, now rushes noisily over a stony bed, raising a musical babblement, now swirls over a deep and silent pool, and now plunges with a mighty show of power over a rocky shelf.

In the valleys the forest has long since been cleared, its place being taken by the groves of orange and pimento-trees, the grey stems of which now bend under the weight of the fragrant spice berries. In front and to the left, the land, rising and falling in row after row of thickly wooded hills, slopes away gradually to the distance of a mile, and then shoots down two thousand feet. As the road enters the plain it divides: To the north, hills rise again in tier upon one branch, skirting the eastern heights, tier, marked in many places by white- leads to the country beyond; the western walled houses; and the view spreads out- branch, the Great North Road, brings the ward and onward, over estate, pasture, traveller past the wide, spreading fields of a village, and forest to the distant sea. If sugar estate, now brightly verdant with the the weather is propitious, one may see in young shoots of cane, past an old church this direction, across the grey Caribbean whose peal of bells once had local note, Sea, a blue line in the sky marking the through the busy township of Linstead, position of the lofty mountains of Cuba. centre of trade for these parts, and finally to the base of a precipitous height. Up the face of the mountain, winding in and out of its deep wrinkles, creeps the white road, rising steadily for two miles to its highest point, then, after a short level stretch, plunging downwards again to the beautiful parish of St. Ann. At the highest point of the main road a bridle path strikes off to the left and brings the traveller, after a stiff climb of another two miles, to the summit of the Mount Diablo, from which the reader is supposed to survey the scene.

In front, however, the land, after its precipitous descent, spreads out in a spacious plain, at once the most interesting and curious feature of the whole outlook interesting and curious, since to north and south, to east and west, the plain is completely shut in by lofty hills and mountains, and both together, hill and plain, seem like the crater of some extinct volcano, or the basin of a great lake. Words convey a slight idea of configuration; they cannot paint the wonderful colour of the surrounding heights or of the surface of the land-locked vale with its numerous white-walled houses, its verdant cane-fields and groves of dark umbrageous mango. Like the basin of a great lake we said; and, indeed, it requires no mighty effort of the imagination to fill the huge bowl with blue depths of crystal water, to people it with numberless tribes of fish, to clothe its banks with a luscious vegetation, dropping here and there along them a peaceful village embowered in palms, and to dot the surface of the inland sea with the brown sails of the Indian canoe. It pleases the mind, this quiet evening-tide, to dream of such things, and to wander into the dim, dim past to dwell among that

The orange and red have faded from the west; there the sky has assumed a grey and sober hue. It is the advent of the sweet tropic night, with its strange glories of sight and sound. The forest-clad hills loom dark against the brighter heavens beyond, and down in the valleys, where shadows are blackest, golden lights are beginning to flash. If the day with its dazzling splendours has departed, night is here, accompanied by her softer, more entrancing beauties. First and foremost are the fireflies, not as the glow-worm, their lowly congener of northern climes, content to show a humble light from the shelter of a moist bank; but, as if conscious of the pre-eminence of their graces and of their

right to be called Queens of the Night, Luna being absent, filling the air in thousands. Some pass in a great blaze of golden splendour from the two beacons on their heads; others, of a feebler flight, more chary of their favours, at one moment display their lustre, and at the next, modestly hide it.

A bat flies over the edge of the shingled roof. We see it for an instant sharply outlined against the sky, still retaining a glow from the departed sun, before it darts with a shrill cry into the blackness of the night. As it disappears, a croak, long-drawn and harsh, re-echoes through the silent forest. The call is answered by a note hoarser, if anything, and more grating to the ear than the first, and a hundred, nay, a thousand throats take up the chorus. It is the nightly concert of the tree-frogs-gray, loathsome creatures, hideous as their voices, which now fill the air with lugubrious sound. Mingled with the bass of the frogs is the cheerful chirp of innumerable crickets, and the sharp "keck-keck" of the agile wood-geckces. The general result is certainly one of the strangest incidents of the night in there mountain solitudes. At an instant the babel ceases, and the relieved listener is beginning to congratulate himself, when suddenly, as if on a pre-arranged signal, the race of frogs raises its concerted voice in a perfect volume of croaks. The effect upon the ear of this unexpected recommencement of the concert is curious and not pleasant. The charm of the night has departed; it is time to go indoors.

are which seem to be clad in dingy brown, but, as the sun's rays are reflected from their plumage, lo, the suit of brown has vanished, and in its stead one of gorgeous metallic bronze. Supported before the flowers by their tiny wings, humming harmoniously, they plunge their slender bills between the petals with quick movements, characteristic of the tribe. Quarrelsome, too, are the little fellows, and many a sharp engagement takes place between those constantly arriving and those who think they have a prior claim over the sweet-scented blossoms. A very short time suffices for each bird to make a round of the attractive shrub, and it disappears, in a flash of colours, over the fence, its place to be taken by some new arrival. Thus the honeysuckle is the centre of much life, and-such is the love one feels for these gems of the bird-world -one cannot help thinking that they were created as some sort of compensation for the existence of snakes and other drawbacks of the tropics.

In a tree below the house some yellow finches are noisily feeding-they strike one note in the general harmony-while on the moist path at the foot of the hill, a scarlet-legged thrush has found a worm, and proclaims the fact in a fussy manner peculiarly his own. If you were near you might see him-a smallish bird in sad-coloured plumage, relieved by a patch of rusty red under throat and tail-perched on the very summit of a dead tree, whence, his meal finished, he uplifts his morning chant of praise. At this time of the year his song consists of but two notes; but in the nesting season he pours forth a volume of rich melody, surprising to unaccustomed ears.

The folding windows of one's bedroom are thrown open at an early hour, and the pure air of the morning, from which the sun has not yet driven the refreshing coolness of the night, is eagerly drawn in by grateful lungs. The great arch of the heavens is free of clouds, and blue, except on the horizon, where hangs a slight mist born of the night. From the valley to the right comes the protracted "coo-ee-oo" of the boy driving up the cows to milk, and a chorus of anxious bellows from the paddock beneath gives evidence that the hungry calves have also caught the well-setting of hill and mountain. known sound. Beneath the window is the honeysuckle, and around its blossoms, where last night the hawk-moths flitted, half-a-dozen brilliant humming-birds are darting. There are some adorned in green, gold, black and white, and with two of the tail-feathers prolonged to five times the length of their bodies, and some there

The eye, roaming over the pleasing panorama of sunlit forest and shady vale, is perforce made to halt when there comes within its range of vision the Vale of St. Thomas. During the night, while all slept, except the frogs, some enchanter, working a mighty spell, has swept away every vestige of that plain which last evening was seen below in its oval

Sugar

estate, white-walled village, sparkling river, have all disappeared, and in their stead a sea of some snow-white substance, seemingly, with the blue hills, a field of ivory beset with turquoise. There is no movement in the white mass, though, as the. rays of the sun fall upon its bosom, a sparkling radiance it emits deepens the

« ForrigeFortsæt »