rhines; or to avoid mistakes one may add the figure and say the Eskimo are mesorhine at seventy, and the Annamites are mesorhine at seventy-six. We have at present an insufficient number of measurements to draw up a scheme for nasal indices, which would have a decisive value in the classification of races. Collignon has, however, collected the following figures, which must serve as a basis for future researches*: NASAL INDEX OF THE LIVING. (FROM COLLIGNON.†) Leptorhines 100 French (very pure blond dolichocephalic type) · (-70) 62.98 30 French (pure Mediterranean race Pyrénées Orientales) 65.06 184 Kabyles. 19 Finns 200 French (Auvergne and centre) 168 Finns (Mordwines) 1000 French 100 French (Savoy and Rhône) Tatars of the Crimea 68 Parisians 120 Tunisians (Berber race II.) Mesorhines 1334 Tunisians 10 Eskimo. 5 North American Indians 40 Tunisians (Berber race IV., of Ellez.) 50 Tunisians (brachycephalic Berber race I.) 8 Fuegians 26 Kalmuks * See also the Table on p. 108. + Rev. d'Anth. (3), iii., 1887, p. 16. H A consideration of this table shows that as a whole the means of the white races range from 62 to 76, the yellow races (including the American races) from 69 to 81, the African negroes from 87 to 101, and the Melanesians (or Oceanic negroes) from 93 to 109. In other words the white races are mainly leptorhine, the yellow races mainly and American races entirely mesorhine, and the black races of Africa, the Western Pacific, and of Australasia solely platyrhine. In a previous chapter I have already drawn attention to the fact that among certain peoples one can distinguish what may be termed a coarse type and a fine type. Maspero, in his interesting Dawn of Civilization,* thus graphically describes these two types among the ancient Egyptians "The highest type of Egyptian was tall and slender, with something that was proud and imperious in the carriage of his head and in his whole bearing. He had wide and full shoulders, muscular arms, a long, fine hand, slightly-developed hips, and sinewy legs. The head is rather short, the face oval, the forehead somewhat retreating. The eyes are wide and fully opened, the cheek-bones not too marked, the nose fairly prominent, and either straight or aquiline. The mouth is long and the lips full. The hair was inclined to be wavy. "The common type was squat, dumpy, and heavy. The chest and shoulders seem to be enlarged at the expense of the pelvis and hips, to such an extent as to make the want of proportion between the upper and lower parts of the body startling and ungraceful. The skull is long, somewhat retreating, and slightly flattened on the top; the features are coarse, and as though carved in flesh by great strokes of the roughing-out chisel. Small frænated eyes, a short nose, flanked by widely-distended nostrils, round cheeks, a square chin, thick but not curling lips-this unattractive and ludicrous physiognomy, sometimes animated by an expression of cunning which recalls the shrewd face of an old French peasant, is often lighted up by gleams of gentleness and of melancholy good nature. * J. MASPERO, The Dawn of Civilization: Egypt and Chaldæa, Eng. Trans., 1894, p. 47. The external characteristics of these two principal types, whose endless modifications are to be found on the ancient monuments, may still be seen among the living." An analogous difference may be noticed among the Japanese. Not only has this appealed to the scientific mind of Dr. Bälz, but it has attracted the attention of native artists; and one may see, as in a picture by Torii Kiyonaga, a mother of the fine type, Heads of Japanese men of the fine and coarse type; from Hovorka, after Bälz. watching a coarse-featured servant feeding the baby, who is also depicted with a nose of the type of its mother's. The celebrated school of the Torii, who flourished in the eighteenth century, invented colourprinting. In a picture by Outmaro, a Japanese nobleman is paying a ceremonial visit, and on the verandah is seen his low- visaged bearer, whose degraded countenance and squat nose with its broad nostrils offers a marked contrast to the oval face and |