The Cliff is the name applied to the higher stage, or ridge of the eminence.

A branch of the transverse road from Cowan Edge, page 371, sweeps diagonally over the inferior summit of this eminence, where it is joined by an ascending tract from the easterly extremities of Mellor and Broadhurst Edge. Afterwards proceeding circuitously up the Cliff, it receives a communication from the district next succeeding, and penetrates amongst the regions which extend from Kinder to Glossop, page 58.

CHINLEY, page 58, a most extensive mass of mountain, shall receive the distinctive names into which it is divided, that the sites of the few objects, to be mentioned in it, may be intelligible. These are Ollerset, Beard, Bugsworth, and Chinley.

Ollerset has not been productive of any matter for curiosity. Beard furnishes only a small, yet very conspicuous, range of mound and fosse. It first appears at the foot of the little brow of common, between Brown-side and Bold or Bald Beard. In the outset it consists of a double mound, with a fosse subtending each; but expires at the ascent to Bold Beard in the form of a single trench. Taking a survey of the line back from the last-mentioned place, its destination however seems to have passed, when entire, to Beard-hall overlooking the Goyt at some distance beneath. To the site of a tract contiguous, called Beard Wood, tradition affixes the report of apparitions and bloody doings in times past. Absurdity, it has

been said in the introductory chapter, page 19, is mostly only the corruption of truth. And considered in concert with the fosse-marks upon the earth, both entrenchments and engagements may have here taken place.

The survey of Bugsworth, adjacent, puts this observation incontestibly beyond all doubt.

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Immediately beneath the highest summit of this mountainous range, looking to the south-west with the Goyt at the foot, is situated the farm-house called the Top o' th' Moor. On the west of a meadow, just below this place, a small but enlarging creek descends to the margin of the Goyt. At the space of about one hundred or one hundred and fifty yards of its progress, a little plain occurs on the right, containing the cottage house called the Hut-fall. As far as this point, the westerly or outward brink of the creek has been defended by a rampart; the enormous foundations of which are still scattered, by places, in large heaps. Down the creek, it must be likewise remarked, a small rivulet trickles. During its course through the meadow of the Top o' th' Moor, collections of smaller stones lie upon the ground on each side. One of these is tolerably large, and thrown straight across the rill, seeming to have been the base of a pyramidical bank. The mind reverts at once, upon the sight of this object, to the reservoirs upon Warnedge described in page 354, as similar to them in construction and design. It affords too a corroboration of the opinion maintained concerning those structures, that they were conveniences for a military station. For, in connexion

with the present dam, is a field encampment undoubted, though small.

The remaining agger of this work commences, opposite to the Top o' th' Moor-house, in the meadow already described. It proceeds rectilinear for the space of nearly one hundred yards, when it makes an oval conversion. Falling thence in a point down to the rivulet, it crosses its course, and runs longitudinally up and along its opposite bank to the plain at the Hut-fall; where it unites itself with the large descending agger, before mentioned. The area of this position, in the meadow, may contain about a statute acre. Its surface is very much indented by marks of small trenches and banks of soil, of a very irregular formation, some angular, some semicircular, and others almost square. These are evidently the effect of design, and meant to divide the station into the necessary compartments for the huts of the soldiery.

The plain, at the Hut-fall, is strawed over with an infinity of masses of native stone. Amongst them, however, appears a quantity of a smaller nature, which has been evidently conveyed to the place, and is now in a course of collection for removal from it again. Here then may have been further structures of the ancients; but what, it is fruitless to conjecture.

The remains of a mound likewise shew themselves at the lower part of the plain, ranging to the west.

Chinley or Main-stone field is rendered memorable by the traditional monument, mentioned in page 6. No military remains are demonstrable upon the site. The contiguous

crags of the Naize bespeak a location of them there, if ever any such existed. And that they did, is rendered a moral certainty by the further epithet of the Castle Naize, attributed to this department. The veracity of this title, as a ground for determination, is fully established by the case in point at Broadhurst Edge. There the Castle not only implies but avows its real ancient military import, by the positive and grand constructions upon the place.

The main routes of this mountain form a concentration, upon its nethermost summit, by the name of the Three Lane Ends. The westerly tract ascends, along Ollerset, from the shallow of the Goyt at Watford or Waterford bridge, page 367, where it receives connections from Broadhurst Edge, Mellor, and the Garrison, pages 367, 370, 393. Subsequently, likewise, a branch from the Warnedge district enters into it at Beard, mounting from the pass of the Goyt at Pott bridge, page 360. A second route passes, more northward, into the Kinder and Golbourne regions. From this again deviates a branch to the Cliff, page 393. The remaining way takes at first an easterly direction to the camp of the moor, where it receives one of its approaches from the next topographical head. Hence it proceeds, under the Castle Naize, on the north, towards Milton between Chapel en le Frith and Hayfield; being crossed in its progress by a transverse line, which leads again to the Kinder regions from the quarter next to be reviewed.

An inferior chain of road runs at the southerly foot of the eminence, parallel with the Goyt, communicating by interme

diate branches with the two preceding westerly and southern routes.

ECCLES PIKE AND THROSTLE NEST DALE, page 59, depend chiefly for their fame upon vestiges of an oral kind. Eccles Pike is the supreme point of the department, exceedingly lofty and narrow. Here an observatory would necessarily be stationed, for the security of the station deposited below.

This, tradition, says was in the rear of the remarkable cavity, called Throstle Nest Dale, and described in page 60. Even the particular people, who were its authors, are retained. Few traces, however, survive. Hence the chief, which can be narrated of it, refers to the general character of its locality. The dale from Bugsworth to Horridge, page 60, is half a mile long. A gently-inclining plain extends, behind, for half a quarter of a mile to a first and inferior knoll projecting to Eccles. A faint transverse fosse may be discerned on the southerly part of this knoll, and some marks of agger on the plain, above Throstle Nest Dale. The area of this level, so bounded by the valley in front, by the observatory mountain in the rear, and further barricadoed at each end by ramparts, one of which, a deep fosse, remains, would form one of the most secure and commanding positions, which could be designed in the inventions of ancient war. The character of the fences, which has been invariably found to retain the primitive magnitude and dimensions of their models, when placed in a military field, evidently in this plain bears an alliance to a military origin.