Gentlemen, the spirit of Liberty, the love of Justice, was early fanned into a flame in my boyish heart. That monument covers the bones of my own kinsfolk; it was their blood which reddened the long, green grass at Lexington. It was my own name which stands chiseled on that stone; the tall Captain who marshaled his fellow farmers into stern array and spoke such brave and dangerous words as opened the war of American Independence -the last to leave the field

was my father's father. I learned to read out of his Bible, and with a musket he that day captured from the foe, I learned also another religious lesson, that "Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God." I keep them both "Sacred to Liberty and the Rights of Mankind," to use them both "In the Sacred Cause of God and my Country."

THEODORE Parker.

24. Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God (last paragraph):

From an inscription on the cannon near which the ashes of President John Bradshaw were lodged, on the top of a high hill near Martha Bay in Jamaica.

History of the Three Judges of King Charles I-STILES.

This supposititious epitaph was found among the papers of Mr. Jefferson, and in his handwriting. It was supposed to be one of Dr. Franklin's spirit-stirring inspirations.

Life of Jefferson - RANDALL.

Reread, applying your understanding of Quotations:

Chap.

III. No. 56.

Chap. IV. Nos. 17, 19, 27.

Chap. V. No. 30 (sentence 2).

Chap. VI. Nos. 18, 24, 27, 28.

Chap. VII. Nos. 31, 35, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 53.

Chap. VIII. Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 21, 25.

SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS FOR A WRITTEN LESSON

I. Give two reasons why a reader should be able to look from his book to his hearers.

2. How many speakers are represented in No. 2? Who are they? How many hearers? Who are they? 3. (No. 11.) How is the first of life made for the last? Who was Rabbi Ben Ezra ?

4. (No. 14.) To what poet does Mr. Tennyson refer? 5. (No. 17.) Who said that the Acadians (line 11) "had forfeited their possessions to the crown"?

Who says (line 8): they stood in the way of "the progress of the settlement?"

6. (No. 19.) Explain the meaning of lines 3, 4.

7. (No. 21.) Who was Lord Chatham? Lord Brougham? In what way does Franklin stand alone?

8. Quote from No. 23:

(a) A quotation within a quotation.

(b) A quoted title.

(c) A direct quotation from Mr. Johnson.
(d) An indirect quotation from Mr. Johnson.

9. Quote from No. 23:

(a) A direct quotation from Boswell.

(b) A quotation from a critic.

(c) A quotation which stands without a direct introduction.

(d) An indirect quotation from Mr. Ogilvie. 10. The same continued:

(a) A quotation which shows that Mr. Johnson was witty.

(b) A quotation regarding education in Scotland. (c) Who says (2. Sentence 1), Johnson often took occasion to express his dislike for Scotland? [Ans. The reviewer of the book.] Boswell? Ossian?

(d) Who

was Johnson?

Lord Mansfield? Mr. Ogilvie ?

CHAPTER X

STUDIES IN INVERTED EXPRESSIONS,
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES, AND THE LIKE

Inverted expressions, because they appeal first to the attention, often gain an unwarranted degree of importance with the careless reader. As is the case with modified words and their modifiers, inverted expressions may be of less value, equal value, or more value than the other parts of the sentence. Only a complete understanding of the thought that the author desires to express can determine which.

The reasons for inversion will vary. In one instance it may have been used to bring certain ideas into greater prominence; in another to promote grace and beauty of utterance; in another to meet mechanical poetical requirements; and still another, merely for the sake of variety. It is too much to suppose that authors are always conscious of a reason for the employment of a certain form of sentence. They are, however, aware of the results desired, and practice enables them to apply the forms that will best bring those results.

Whatever may be the reason, the fact remains that the two portions of all such sentences are always related to each other and to the thought, and their arrangement has a distinct bearing on the effect that the author wished to produce. The reader should, therefore, determine their relative importance and understand the effect of the arrangement.

SELECTIONS AND SUGGESTIVE STUDIES

1. He is slowly recovering.

2. He is recovering slowly.

3. In the dead of night, with a chosen band, under the cover of a truce, he approached.

4. After rambling leisurely about for some time, reading the inscriptions on the various monuments which attracted my curiosity, and giving way to the different reflections they suggested, I sat down to rest myself on a sunken tombstone.

Outre Mer - HENRY WADSWorth Longfellow.

1, 2. The single word adverb is placed naturally either before or after its verb. When the author places the adverb before the verb, he means, as a rule, to impress you with the idea in his verb. When he places the adverb after the verb, the adverb holds the more important idea.

The following illustrates an exception to the rule:

"He who sedulously attends, pointedly asks, calmly speaks, coolly answers, and ceases when he has no more to say, is possessed of some of the best requisites of man."

All men attend, ask, speak, answer, and cease; but to possess some of the best requisites of man, one must attend sedulously, ask pointedly, speak calmly, answer coolly, etc. Both ideas are important, but the verb does not hold the more important idea of the two.

Read, placing the adverb after the verb. Note that the author has chosen the more euphonious arrangement.

5. Slowly and sadly we laid him down.

Burial of Sir John Moore

CHARLES Wolfe.

6. Silently, one by one, in the infinite meadows of heaven,

Blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels.

Evangeline HENRY WADSWORTH LONGfellow.

3. The adverbial phrase naturally follows its verb. He approached when? With whom? Under what condition?

Read in inverted order, and then in natural order. What is gained by the inversion?

4. I sat down to rest, etc. When?

Is the order of events a natural one?

Rambling about. — In a famous cemetery in Paris.

5. What effect is gained by the inversion?

6. Much of the smoothness and beauty, the rhythm of poetry is dependent upon inversion.

Trace the natural order of this sentence, not as a grammatical exercise, but for the purpose of determining the independent, or leading portion, and seeing the relation which each of the other portions bears to it. Can you give a reason for the poetic fancy that the stars are the forget-me-nots of the angels?

Legend of the naming of the flower: A lover, while trying to pluck for his ladylove some blossoms that grew on the bank of a rushing stream, lost his hold, and was drowned. As he was whirled away on the current, he threw the flowers he had gathered to the bank, crying, "Forget me not!"