THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY is published by The Classical Association of the Atlantic States, weekly, on Mondays from October 1 to May 31 inclusive, except in weeks in which there is a legal or School holiday, at Barnard College, Broadway and 120th St., New York City.

All persons within the territory of the Association who are interested in the language, the literature, the life and the art of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, whether actually engaged in teaching the Classics or not, are eligible to membership in the Association. Application for membership may be made to the Secretary-Treasurer, Charles Knapp, Barnard College, New York. The annual dues (which cover also the subscription to THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY) are two dollars. The territory covered by the Association includes New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia. Outside the territory of the Association the subscription price of THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY is two dollars per year. If affidavit to bill for subscription is required, the fee must be paid by the subscriber. Subscribers in Canada or other foreign countries must send 30 cents extra for postage.

Before me a notary public in and for the State and county aforesaid, personally appeared Charles Knapp, who, having been duly sworn according to law, deposes and says that he is the Managing Editor of THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY and that the following is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, management (and if a daily paper, the circulation), etc., of the aforesaid publication for the date shown in the above caption, required by the Act of August 24, 1912, embodied in section 443, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on the reverse of this form, to wit:

I. That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor, and business managers are:

Publisher, The Classical Association of the Atlantic States, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York City. Editor, none.

Managing editor, Charles Knapp, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York City.

Business managers, none.

2. That the owners are: (Give names and addresses of individual owners, or, if a corporation, give its name and the names and addresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of the total amount of stock.) The Classical Association of the Atlantic States (not a corporation. No stockholders or individual owners. Seven hundred fifty members). President, Jessie E. Allen, Girls' High School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Secretary-Treasurer, Charles Knapp, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York City.

3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: (If there are none so state.) None.

CHARLES KNAPP, Managing Editor. Sworn to and subscribed before me this 1st day of October, 1917. [SEAL]. JOHN E. SCHARSMITH, Notary Public. (My commission expires March 31, 1918.)

Form 3526.

HOMER'S ILIAD, translated by Pope, with Pope's preface. Pp. xxxvi + 508. HOMER'S ODYSSEY, translated by Pope. Pp. 388.

AESCHYLUS, the Plays translated into English Verse, with a preface and a few notes, by Lewis Campbell. Pp. xxii + 278. SOPHOCLES, the Plays translated into English Verse, with a preface and a few notes, by Lewis Campbell. Pp. xxviii + 316. ARISTOPHANES' Acharnians, Knights, Birds and Frogs, translated into Enlish Verse. Verse by J. Hookam Frere, with an introduction by N. N. Merry. Pp. xxii + 358.

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

AMERICAN BRANCH

VOL. XI

MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS Readers of THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY are familiar with the Lingua Latina series, edited under the direction of Dr. W. H. D. Rouse, and Mr. S. O. Andrew, to exemplify the Direct Method as applied to Latin. The series, at first, comprised the following books: Primus Annus, A First Year's Course, intended for beginners in Latin, by W. L. Paine and C. L. Mainwaring; Decem Fabulae Pueris Puellisque Agendae, characterized by the editors as A Companion Volume of Plays, by Messrs. Paine and Mainwaring and Miss E. Ryle; Praeceptor, A Master's Book, by S. O. Andrew, whose purpose is to inform teachers how the Direct Method may be used.

To these there have been several recent additions. Mr. F. R. Dale, Assistant Master at Leeds Grammar School, published, in 1915, Reges Consulesque Romani, Fabulae ex T. Livi Historia (84 pages. Oxford University Press. 50 cents). The text (pages 7-55) gives, in Part I, fifteen stories concerning the Reges Romani (7-29), and, in Part II, seventeen stories concerning the Libera Romanorum Respublica. We thus have 32 stories in 48 pages of text (the text is printed in a large, clear, handsome type). The selection of stories is well made. According to the Preface,

This selection from the first books of Livy is for classes which are ready to tackle a Latin author. The passages have not been simplified in syntax, and only such modification of the text has been made as the detachment of the selected pieces renders necessary. The book will serve to acquaint the reader with most of the well-known stories of early Rome, from the foundation to the end of the first stage of Roman expansion-the final subjugation of the Latins.

Mr. Dale does not say how much training in Latin classes must have before they "are ready to tackle a Latin author". It remains to add that vowel quantities are marked throughout, though nothing is said to indicate what guide was followed here, and that there is a Vocabulary (56-84). This Vocabulary is interesting, in that all the definitions are given in Latin. Thus abdo is defined by celo; abigo by abire cogo; abnuo by recuso; accensi by milites qui non in legionibus numerabantur, sed in subsidiis aderant; ago by facio, gero, prae me ire cogo. Under ago the phrase ago cum aliquo is defined by de re proposita colloquor; anceps is defined by duo capita gerens; neutro inclinatus, aequus: duplex (caput).

There is nothing in the book to indicate from what parts of Livy the several stories are taken. One who

No. 5

has a Teubner text of Livy can, however, easily enough locate the stories by looking up in the Index of the Teubner edition the proper names that occur in the stories.

Mr. L. R. Strangeways, Chief Classical Master at the High School, Nottingham, has edited P. Ovidi Nasonis Elegiaca (74 pages. Oxford Press, 1915. 50 cents). The text (7-52) falls into four parts, whose subjects are Res Romanae (7-17), Res Fabulosae (18-29), Res Humanae (30-43), and Epistulae (44-52). In Part I, besides other passages, all from the Fasti, we find Raptio Sabinarum, Fabiorum Pietas, and Lupa Nutrix. In Part II we have the stories of Arion, Ars Daedalea, Pyladis et Orestae Amor Mirus, Herculis et Caci Certamen, etc. Here the editor drew on the Fasti, the Ars Amatoria, and the Epistulae ex Ponto. Part III is drawn mainly from the Epistulae ex Ponto and the Tristia, and deals largely with the poet's own experiences, especially his exile. Here the captions of the selections are Mobilis Heu Fortuna; Temporis Effectus; Carminis Vis Medica; Aeternitas Famae; In Pelago Tempestas; Vita Poetae Ipsius; Exilium; Incommoda Senectutis; Ab Exule Litterae. Part IV gives selections from the Heroides, as follows: Penelope Ulixi; Oenone Paridi; Dido Aeneae; Leander Heroni; Laudamia <sic> Protesilao; Hypermnestra Lynceo. The source of the selection is in each case carefully indicated.

Prefixed to each selection is an introduction, in Latin. There are also a few brief notes, in Latin. Finally there is a Vocabulary, entitled Vocabula Selecta, with definitions in Latin (there is no hint of the basis of selection here). Vowel quantities are marked through

out.

To the Lingua Latina series belongs also the Villa Corneliana, "A Wall Picture designed by F. M. Carter in collaboration with the Editors', as the announcements have it. Of this the less said the better. How any one could get from it any clear conception of a villa Romana-or of anything Roman-I fail to see.

Within the last two or three years Ovid has come in for special attention, evidently, in England. Besides the volume referred to above, by Mr. Strangeways, the Oxford University Press published in 1914, in three small volumes, a work entitled Ovid: Elegiac Poems, by J. W. E. Pearce (pp. xxvii+ 210; xxxiv+ 206; xxviii+ 181. 50 cents each). Mr. Pearce is Head Master of Merton Court Preparatory School, Sidcup.

In each volume there is an Introduction, in three parts. In each case Part 1 gives a Life of Ovid, Part 2 a discussion of Ovid as a Poet.

Volume I gives the Earlier Poems, Selected from the Heroides, the Amores, The Ars Amatoria, and the Remedia Amoris; Volume II gives The Roman Calendar, Selections from the Fasti; Volume III gives Letters from Exile, Selected from the Tristia and the Epistulae ex Ponto. Part 3 of the Introduction in each volume is an account of the particular works of Ovid from which the selections in that volume were derived. Volumes II and III carry, at the beginning, a map of Republican Rome, and, at the end, a map of Rome in the Time of Augustus. In each case the map is in part on the inside of the cover, in part on the adjoining page. These maps are sensible, avoiding excessive detail.

In Volume I there are 85 pages of text, 118 pages of notes; in II, 90 pages of text, 110 pages of notes; in III, 76 pages of text, 100 pages of notes. Each volume has also an Index to <the> Notes, and an Index of Proper Names. There are no vocabularies.

These volumes form part of a New Clarendon Press Series of Classical Authors for the Use of Schools. The General Editor of the Series is Rev. A. E. Hillard, Head Master of St. Paul's School. In a prefatory Note by the General Editor we read:

I may explain briefly that one condition of the series was that no volume should be included in it which was not edited by a schoolmaster with practical and lengthy experience in teaching the author on whom he wrote; and further, to avoid the danger of mere 'bookmaking', that every author must be dealt with by some editor with a real enthusiasm for his subject.

There is a further explanation that the series includes also editions of ali seven books of the De Bello Gallico, by T. Rice Holmes (each book in a separate volume).

Mr. Pearce thus sets forth his own aims (Preface): My chief aim in the notes has been to try to create in the beginner a taste for Latin poetry, by leading him to appreciate points of style and expression, and by encouraging him to a comparison of passages from our own literature. Needless to say many notes will be rendered superfluous if the passage to be prepared is first read aloud with due emphasis by the master.

These volumes should find a hearty welcome. They add much to the material available for reading in Ovid, whether in sight classes or in prepared work.

(To be concluded)

C. K.

THE CLASSICS AND THE PROTESTANT

REFORMATION1

The fourhundredth anniversary of the Protestant Reformation, which is to be celebrated on October 31, 1917, has called forth a great number of books and articles on the various phases of this complex movement. It may, therefore, not be amiss for classicists to

In this paper Luther's works are cited according to the Erlangen edition of Ploch, Irmischer, et al. (1829-1885): his letters according to the edition of De Wette (Berlin, 1825-1856); Melanchthon's

consider what rôle the Classics played with the leading men of the Reformation. Did the Reformers know the writings of the Greeks and the Romans? Were they influenced by them? Did they asign to them any rôle in their programme?

Martin Luther received his earliest education at Mansfield (C. R. 6.156), where, besides the Decalogue, the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and some hymns, he studied Donatus, another elementary Latin Grammar, and the so-called Cisio Janus, a queer calendar containing mnemonic verses on the Church festivals. Luther in after life complained bitterly of the crude methods of teaching (Op. 22.191). Later he went to Magdeburg and soon after to Eisenach, where for four years he worked under good teachers and finished his grammati cal studies. The University of Erfurt was not very good, but he began his real reading of Latin authors there. He read them for their content, not for their style; Cicero, Vergil, and Livy were the authors he favored (C. R. 6.155).

Luther travelled to Rome in 1510, and, though this journey was made not primarily in the interests of his education, it cannot have been without influence on his stand toward Ronan antiquity. It must have made the subject-matter of the Latin writers more real to hin than it could have been without a knowledge of their country.

It is interesting to see with what works Luther was acquainted and what he thought of them. Of the prose writers Cicero is quoted most often by him and valued very highly, especially because of his ethical content. Cicero's De Officiis is better, Luther thinks, than the Ethics of Aristotle; his Letters cannot be well understood unless the reader has had a good training in the art of government (Op. 62.341). Luther also adinired Cicero's dialectic power and eloquence (Op. 31.12; 62.341). Although Luther does not agree with Erasinus, who says that, after reading the De Senectute, he felt like exclaiming, "Sancte Cicero, ora pro nobis", he does think that the Roman's chances of eternal salvation are better than those of the Pope or the Archbishop of Mayence (Schmidt, 14). There are also plenty of quotations in Luther's works from Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Younger, Quintilian, Varro, Gellius, and Seneca. Livy, Sallust, and Suetonius are not mentioned frequently. Some acquaintance with Tacitus is shown by Luther's remark that the Germans of his day do not

works according to the Corpus Reformatorum, by C. G. Bretschneider and H. E. Bindseil (Brunswick, 1834-1860).

For convenience these three works are named by abbreviations as follows: Op., De W., and C. R.

Other works cited are:

Johannes Mathesius, I.uthers Leben in Predigen, edited by G. Loeschke (Prague, 1906).

E. G. Sibler, Luther and the Classics, in Four Hundred Years (Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, 1916).

Oswald G. Schmidt, Luthers Bekanntschaft mit den Alten Klassikern (Berlin, 1885).

James W. Richard, Philip Melanchthon, the Protestant Preceptor of Germany (New York, 1902).

Joachim Camerarius, De Vita Philippi Melanchthonis Narratio, edited by G. Th. Strobel (Halle, 1777: original edition 1566). This work is referred to by the abbreviation Cam.

Karl Hartfelder, Philip Melanchthon als Praeceptor Germaniae, in Monumenta Germaniae Paedagogica, 7 (Berlin, 1889).