Fifteenth century. The 'editio princeps' is not certainly known: the title is usually given to an edition without name or date, which is supposed to have been published by Zarotus at Milan in 1470. The first edition which contains a commentary by a modern scholar of name is that of Landinus (Cristoforo Landino, born at Florence 1424, died 1504), printed at Florence in 1482, and at Venice in the same year. edition, published at Venice in 1492, contained, besides, notes by Mancinellus (Antonio Mancinelli, born at Velletri in 1452, a teacher at Orvieto). Sixteenth century. An 1501 (also 1503, 1509, 1519, 1527), the Aldine edition, from the press of Aldus at Venice. 1503 (also 1514, 1519), the Juntine, from that of Ph. Giunta at Florence. 1519, the Ascensian (Paris), from that of Badius (named Ascensius from his birthplace, the village of Assche, near Brussels). 1523 (Freiburg in Breisgau), ed. of Glareanus (Henri Loriti, so named from his birthplace, the canton Glaris, born 1488, Professor at Basle 1515-1529, retired to Freiburg, where he died in 1563). 1551 (Venice), an edition of the younger Aldus, which contained annotations by M. Ant. Muretus (born at Muret, a village near Limoges, in France, 1526, died at Rome 1585). 1555 (Basle), ed. of Fabricius (George, born at Chemnitz in 1526, died 1571). 1561 (Lyons), ed. of Lambinus (Denis Lambin, born at Montreuil, in Picardy, 1516, Professor of Greek in Paris, died, it is said, partly from the shock of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, in September 1572). Canter (born at Utrecht 1542, died 1575), published in 1564; and in subsequent years, some 'Novae Lectiones' on various authors, including Horace (which are to be found in Gruter's Thesaurus Criticus, vol. iii). 1577 (Paris), ed. of H. Stephanus (Estienne). 1578 (Antwerp), ed. of Cruquius, Professor at Bruges. Seventeenth century. 1605, ed. of Dan. Heinsius, born at Ghent 1580, died at Leyden in 1665. 1608 (Antwerp), ed. of Torrentius (a Latinized form of the name Vanderbeken). He was bishop of Antwerp, born 1525, died 1595; his edition being published posthumously. 1613 (Paris), R. Stephanus published an edition with the notes of Rutgers (a pupil of Heinsius, born at Dort 1589, entered the service of Gustavus Adolphus, and served as ambassador in several foreign courts, died 1625). His 'Venusinac Lectiones' were not published in their entirety until Burmann's edition in 1699. 1671 (Saumur), ed. of Tanaquil Faber (Tanneguy Lefevre, born at Caen 1615, Professor at Saumur, died 1672; the father of Madame Dacier). 1681 (Paris), a translation, with notes, by A. Dacier, son-in-law of the preceding. 1699 (Utrecht), ed. of Burmannus (P. Burmann, born at Utrecht 1688). Dillenburger, Bonn, 1844-1867. Nauck (7th ed.), Leipzig, 1871. Macleane, Bibliotheca Classica, London, 1853. Yonge, London, Longmans, 1867. Munro and King, London, Bell and Daldy, 1869. The editions of the Scholia of which I have made use are those of F. Hauthal (Berlin, 1864) and F. Pauly (Prague, 1858). I have also referred often to Estré's' Prosopographeia Horatiana' (Amsterdam, 1846) and Franke's 'Fasti Horatiani' (Berlin, 1839). I should not forget the translations of Horace's Odes by Conington, Lord Lytton, and F. W. Newman, to each of which I have been at times indebted for a happy rendering or an ingenious suggestion. HORACE'S EARLY LIFE IN HIS WRITINGS. Name-Quintus, Sat. 2. 6. 37. Horatius, Od. 4. 6. 44, Epp. 1. 14. 5. Flaccus, Sat. 2. 1. 18, Epod. 15. 12. [Of the origin of the cognomen nothing can be guessed. The 'nomen' might imply that his father, on manumission, had taken a gentile name from some member of the Horatia gens. It is now more generally believed, on a suggestion of G. F. Grotefend, that it was derived from the Horatia tribus, the one of the country tribes in which the colony of Venusia was enrolled, and to which Horace's father, as a libertus of Venusia, would belong.] B.C. 65. Date of birth.-The year is given in Od. 3. 21. 1, Epod. 13. 6, Epp. 1. 20. 26-28. The last reference adds the month. Suetonius completes it by fixing the day, 'Sexto idus Decembres,' December the 8th. Birthplace.-Sat. 2. 1. 35. Cp. Od. 3. 30. 10, 4. 6. 27, 4. 9. 2. We may compare the familiarity of his mention of scenes in Apulia, Od. 3. 4. 9-16, Sat. 1. 5. 77; the river Autidus, Od. 4. 14. 25, cp. Sat. 1. 1. 58; the Fons Bandusiae (?), Od. 3. 13; Garganum Pr., Od. 2. 9. 7, Epp. 2. 1. 202; Litus Matinum (?), Od. 1. 28. 3, cp. 4. 2. 27, Epod. 16. 28; Luceria, Od. 3. 15. 7; the wolves on the Apulian hills, 1. 22. 13, 33. 7. See also, on the fondness with which he attributes to the Apulian all Roman virtues, Od. 1. 22. 13, 2. 1. 34, 3. 5. 9, 16. 26, Epod. 2. 42. Parentage.-Libertino patre natus,' Sat. 1. 6. 6 and 45; cp. Od. 2. 20. 6 and Epp. 1. 20. 21. Horace himself was ingenuus,' i.c. born after his father had attained his freedom, Sat. 1. 6. 8. He says, His father's profession.-Coactor,' Sat. 1. 6. 86. [Suetonius, coactor exactionum,' a collector of dues.' further, that he was a 'salsamentarius,' or dealer in saltfish, and that Horace was once taunted with this by one who said to him, 'Quotiens ego vidi patrem tuum brachio se emungentem.'] He had purchased a small estate, Sat. 1. 6. 71. For Horace's feeling towards his father see Sat. 1. 6, especially vv. 89-96. Anecdotes of his childhood.- Od. 3. 4. 9 foll., Sat. 1. 9. 29 foll., 2.2. 112 foll. Removal to Rome for his education.—Sat. 1. 6. 71 foll., Epp. 2. 2. 42. His father's care, Sat. 1. 4. 105 foll., 1. 6. 71 foll. Study under Orbilius, 'plagosus,' Epp. 2. 1. 69. [There is a short life of Orbilius Pupillus of Beneventum in Sueton. de Illustr. Gramm. Horace's epithet is quoted and illustrated by a line of Domitius Marsus, 'Si quos Orbilius ferula scuticaque cecidit.'] For the subjects of his reading see 1. c. and Epp. 2. 2. 41. B.C. 44 (?). Studies at Athens.- Epp. 2. 2. 43 foll. [Brutus was at Athens at the time, immediately after Caesar's murder, attending the lectures of Theomnestus the Academic, and Cratippus the Peripatetic, and wishing to be thought entirely intent on philosophy, Plutarch, Brut. 24.] First literary efforts (?), Sat. 1. 10. 35. B.C. 43, 42. Campaign with Brutus.—Epp. 2. 2. 46 foll., Sat. 1. 6. 48, Od. 2. 7. 26, Epp. I. 20. 23. [Sueton. 'bello Philippensi excitus a Marco Bruto imperatore tribunus militum meruit.'] For indications that he was with Brutus while he was still in Asia sce Sat. 1. 7, Epp. 1. 11. 7 foll., and on Od. 2. 7. 6. B.C. 41. Return to Rome.-' Decisis humilem pennis, inopemque paterni Et Laris et fundi,' Epp. 2. 2. 49. [Sucton. 'Victis partibus, venia impetrata, scriptum quaestorium comparavit.' This means the place of a 'scriba,' or clerk, in the quaestor's office, and Horace's appointment to it is connected by some with his father's old employment as 'coactor exactionum.'] B.C. 38 (?). Introduction to Maecenas.—Sat. 1. 6. 54 foll. The date of this is fixed by a comparison of Sat. 2. 6. 40 'Septimus octavo propior iam fugerit annus, Ex quo Maecenas me coepit habere suorum In numero,' with the references in vv. 38, 53, 55, which seem to fix the composition of that Satire to the end of B. C. 31. EXTRACTS FROM THE SUETONIAN LIFE OF HORACE. Maecenas' regard for him. MAECENAS quantopere eum dilexerit satis monstratur illo epigrammate: Ni te visceribus meis IIorati sed multo magis extremis indiciis tali ad Augustum elegio: 'Horati Flacci, ut mei, esto memor.' Augustus' offer to him of the post of Private Secretary. Augustus epistularum quoque ei officium obtulit, ut hoc ad Maccenatem scripto significat: 'Ante ipse sufficiebam scribendis epistulis amicorum: nunc occupatissimus et infirmus Horatium nostrum a te cupio abducere. Veniet igitur ab ista parasitica mensa ad hanc regiam, et nos in epistulis scribendis adiuvabit.' Ac ne recusanti quidem aut succensuit quicquam aut amicitiam suam ingerere desiit. Extracts from letters of Augustus to him. 'Sume tibi aliquid iuris apud me tanquam si convictor mihi fueris recte enim et non temere feceris, quoniam id usus mihi tecum esse volui si per valetudinem tuam fieri possit.' "Tui qualem habeam memoriam poteris ex Septimio quoque nostro audire: nam incidit ut illo coram fieret a me tui mentio ncquc si tu superbus amicitiam nostram sprevisti ideo nos quoque ανθυπερφρονοῦμεν. 'Pertulit ad me Dionysius libellum tuum, quem ego, ut ne accusem brevitatem, quantuluscunque est, boni consulo. Vereri autem mihi videris ne maiores libelli tui sint quam ipse es. Sed si statura deest, corpusculum non deest. Itaque licebit in sextariolo scribas, ut circuitus voluminis tui sit ¿ykwdéσraros sicut est ventriculi tui.' Cp. Hor. Epp. 1. 4. 14, 1. 20. 24. The Composition of the Carm. Sec., Book IV of the Odes, and the Epistle to Augustus. Scripta cius usque adeo probavit [Augustus] mansuraque perpetuo opinatus est ut non modo seculare carmen componendum iniunxerit, sed et Vindelicam victoriam Tiberii Drusique privignorum suorum, eumque cocgerit propter hoc tribus carminum libris ex longo intervallo quartum addere; post sermones vero lectos quosdam nullam sui mentionem habitam ita sit questus: 'Irasci me tibi scito quod non in plerisque eiusmodi |