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Opvor; horminum; salvia sclarea.

Ogobos; orobus, ervum ; orobus albus, O. canescens.

Ova; sorba; sorba, fruits du sorbus domestica.
Пavann; panax, panacea; pastinaca opopanax.

Пaponov; parthenium; matricaria parthenium; anthemis cotula, anthemis

arvensis.

Пɛyavov; ruta; ruta graveolens.

IIEXεxivos; pelecinum; coronilla securidaca.

Пerlapuλλov λeunov; quinquefolium album; potentilla nitida.
ПεαQuλλov μελav; quinquefolium nigrum; potentilla reptans.

Пewept; piper; fruits du piper nigrum,

Пewλov; peplium; euphorbia peplus.

Пewλos; peplum; euphorbia peplis.

Iepilepɛov; verbena, herba columbaris; verbena officinalis.
Пepon; persea; laurus persea.

ПIEUXεdavov; peucedanum; peucedanum officinale.

logos; pisum; lathyrus sativus.

Ilus; pinuз; pinus sylvestris.

Hon; herba; potentilla argentina: tormentilla erecta.

IIoλov; polium; teucrium polium.

Пoλuxapov; cratæogonon; polygonum aviculare.

Пoλvodov; polypodium; polypodium vulgare.

Пoλunveμov; polycnemum; tanacetum vulgare.

Пpaciov; marrubium; marrubium vulgare.

11paσov; porrum; allium porrum.

Ipivos; ilex; quercus coccifera.

Пpoμanov; promalum; prunus spinosa ?

Iupos; triticum; triticum æstivum?

Пupos σlanos; triticum setanium; triticum hybernum ?

Пupos Torunvalos; triticum trimestre; triticum trimestre.

Пugos; buxus; buxus sempervirens.

Papos; rhamnus; lycium europæum.

Papans; raphanus; raphanus sativus.

Pla; radix; racines des raphanus sativus: momordica elaterium.

Pica astioixa; radix æthiopica; racine du ferula assafœtida.

Pia evan; radix alba; racine de l'arum dracunculus,

Pia μeλava; radix nigra; racine de l'helleborus orientalis?

Poa ou goia; malus punica, malum punicum; arbre et fruit du punica gra

natum.

Podov, podos; rosa damascæna et rosa centifolia,

Pon, poos; rhus, fluentum; rhus coriaria.

Pola; voyez poa.

Zayawnvor; Sagapenum; gomme résine sagapenum.

Zavdagann; sandaracum; résine du juniperus oxycedrus.

Zaupidior; nasturtium; lepidium sativum.

Exaμμona, oxapμonin; scammonia; gomme résine du convolvulus scammonia.

Exedias μixpa; anchusa parva; anchusa angustifolia.

Exedias μɛyara; anchusa magna; anchusa officinalis.

Exos; lentiscus; pistacia lentiscus.

EXOIVOS OXOIVOS evodas; juncus odvratus; andropogon schananthus.

Exiλλa; scula; scilla maritima.

Exoλoweropior; scolopendrium; asplenium scolopendrium.

Exogodov; alium: allium sativum.

Σκύλλα ; voyez σκιλλα.

Σελινον ; apium; apium petroselinum.

Zeλivov ελelov; apium palustre; apium graveolens.

Zuidas; similago; fleur de farine de froment.

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Zoaμons: sesamoïdes; isopyrum thalictroïdes et isopyrum aquilegioides,

Zoaμov; sesamum; sesamum orientale.
Zo; seseli; ligusticum peloponesiacum.

Σεσελι μασσιλιδικον; seseli massiliense

Exva; cucurbita; cucurbita pepo.

Exvos; cucumis; cucumis sativus.

seseli tortuosum.

Einvos aygios; cucumis sylvestris; momordica elaterium.
Zinvorn μaxen; cucurbita longa; cucurbita lagenaria.

Eidior; malicorium; écorce de grenade.

Agio; laserpitium, laser; gomme résine du ferula assafoetida.

Ziva; sinapi; sinapis nigra, S. orientalis.

Etov, sium; sisymbrium aquaticum? sium græcuin?

Zovubgior; sisymbrium; thymus vulgaris.

Erapuλivos; staphylinum; daucus carota.

Irapuσaygia; staphysagria; delphinium staphysagria.

Eraqus; uva passa; fruits secs du vitis vinifera.

Στελις, στέλεχος; stelis; loranthus stelis.

Eroen; stobe; poterium spinosum,

govor; struthium; saponaria officinalis, S. vanaria, ou S. orientalis

Στρυγις, voyez τρίγη.

ETGUxos; solanum; solanum nigrum.

Στυξη: voyez στοιβη.

Eruga; styrax; baume du styrax officinalis.

zuna; ficus; fruits du ficus caryca.

zvxaμivos; morus arbor; morus nigra.

Zvxn; ficus; ficus caryca.

TEλEQov; telephium; sedum telephium.

TEλis ou deλis; foenum græcum; trigonella foenum græcum.

Teguidos; terebinthus; pistacia terebinthus.

Tεulator, Telor; beta; beta cicla, MURRAY.

Tevion wapor; beta pinguis; beta vulgaris.

Tilvμaλλov, Tilvμaños; tithymalus; euphorbia verrucosa, E. serrata,
Tilvμanov μɛyaλov; tithymalus magnus; euphorbia characias.

Taylor; tragium; hypericum hircinum.

Τρίβολος θαλάσσιος ; tribulus mari adjacens; echiophorus spinos
Tpyn; tragus; hordeum zeocriton.

TeQuaλor; trifolium; psoralea bituminosa.
Toonvapos; hyoscyamus; hyosciamus niger.
Trepino; hypericum; hypericum perforatum.
Toxics; hypocistis; cytinus hypocistis.
Toowov; hyssopus; origanum smyrnium ?
Paxos; lens, lenticula; ervum lens.

Paxos sados; lenticula odorata; ervum ervilía.

yos; fagus; quereus esculus.

olio; aparine, philistion; galium aparine? xanthium strumosum? λopos; verbascumn; phlomis laciniata.

DOIVENINOG NONNOs; granum purpureum; gallinsecte du quercus coccifera. Donнobaλarov; palmula; fruit du phoenix dactilifera.

payμins; arundo; arundo phragmites.

Quaλor Aunor; folium libycum; semence du ferula assa-feetida.

XxλSavor; galbanum; sue du bubʊn galbanum.

Xapaiλaw; chamæleon; centaurea erocodilium, carthamus corymbosus.

Xage; o; cyclamen alepense?

Xovdpos; alica; farine du triticum spelta.

Taududinlaμrov; pseudodictamnus; marrubium pseudodictamnus.
Yogor; vitis sylvestris; humulus lupulus.

Topa, Jopa argisnaing; scabies, scabies; scabies oleastri; lichen caperatus,

L. prunastri

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

OF

RECENT PUBLICATIONS, IN THE DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY.

I would have men know, that, though I reprehend the easie passing over of the causes of things, "by ascribing them to secret and hidden vertues and properties; (for this hath arrested and laid "asleepe all true enquiry and indications;) yet I doe not understand but that, in the practical part of knowledge. much will be left to experience and probation, whereunto indication cannot so fully reach and this not only in specie, but in individuo. Yet it was well said, Vere scire "esse per causas scire."-BACON,

Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, published by the
Chirurgical Society of London. Vol. IX. Part II.
Co. London. 1818.

Medical and
Longman and

THIS Part commences with some histories of Cases of Fungus Hæmatodes, Cancer, and Tuberculated Sarcoma, with Observations, by GEORGE LANGSTAFF, Esq. possessing the highest degree of interest; though we must acknowledge, that this has probably been rendered more apparent to us, from our having previously perused the work of Dr. BARON. We, however, regret that the arrangement made of the subjects engaging our attention had caused us to defer until the present time the perusal of the observations of Mr. Langstaff; for, had we been acquainted with them before the analysis of Dr. Baron's treatise. was made, we should not only have illustrated it by the coincident observations and opinions here alluded to, but have also shown more disposition to the admission of his theory than we then evinced. Yet Mr. Langstaff had previously advanced similar observations, and a glimpse of similar theoretical views, in a paper published in the eighth volume of the present series of Transactions: but they were but little more than a blank to us, and, we must add, to the greater number of pathologists. This is a fact which forcibly shows how important it is that persons, pursuing any particular series of researches, should publish, with their observations, their theoretical views; for, without these, the importance of many facts must be lost to persons in general, who have not devoted much time to reflection on the same subject. Even hypotheses may not be devoid of utility on these occasions; for, though they suppose relations between phenomena that may not exist, they may point out others that are real; and this consideration should deter men from too prompt a disposition to censure them, even when erroneous, if produced with so laudable and legitimate a view, and if given with proper

reserve.

In the observations here related, and in the opinions that

cancer, fungus hæmatodes, medullary and tuberculated sar coma, have the same origin, Mr. Langstaff agrees with Dr. Baron; with this exception only, that the former pathologist has not traced those morbid states from the hydatid or simple cyst in so determinate a manner; nor has he apparently so far generalized his views. In order to show this, we shall first adduce his general conclusions, and then some of the most interesting of his particular observations and reflections. Mr. Langstaff says,

"In the history of the preceding cases, I have endeavoured to show that there exists a close resemblance in the morbid structure of fungus hæmatodes, pulpy or medullary sarcoma, tuberculated sarcoma, and carcinoma; or that those diseases may exist together in the same person, locally and constitutionally; or that fungous tumors may become cancerous, as, Sir Everard Home supposes, any kind of tumor may.". And Mr. Langstaff, in a note, makes a remark, that must not be disregarded in reflecting on the above:

"Scrofulous patients (Mr, L. says) likewise frequently die of tuber. cular phthisis, after having suffered amputation of an arm or a leg: they are also liable afterwards to attacks of struma in the joints; for I have, on dissection, in those subjects, found the bones forming the principal articulations much softer than natural, and a caseous depcsition in the interstices of the cancelli."

1

From having observed fungus hæmatodes in every part of the body, that is, in every orgau except the nerves, tendons, and cartilages, Mr. Langstaff is disposed, from its general distribu tion, to consider the cellular membrane as the seat of the discase; or, at least, that it is the part on which those morbid changes are deposited, or from which they are produced.

The same affection has occurred to the author's observation in monkeys, horses, oxen, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, and birds. Monkeys are very subject to scrofula, he continues to remark; and, in a great number of those brought to this, country which he has examined, he has generally found that they have died of scrofulous tumors, partly in the state of vomicæ. Mr. Langstaff says, he does not think that these abscesses are produced by the suppuration of tubercles, but by affection of the healthy surrounding structure, caused by the irritation of the tumors. But, in opposition to this remark, it should be observed, that suppuration generally [from our own observation, we would say almost always,] begins in the centre of the tubercles.

Mr. Langstaff has also observed, that

"Sometimes the schirrous, medullary, and fungous, structures, are so blended in various parts of the same subject, that they appear like different stages of morbid growth; and the difficulty which the pathologist experiences, is in deciding whether the disease of the cancerous or hæmatodal kind, or whether they are not of the same class. Sir

2

Everard Home, in his observations on the nature and progress of Cancer, says, so much does the same disease differ in its appearances in different patients, from the endless peculiarities of their constitu tions, by which every part of the body must be more or less influenced, that it is not possible, in practice, to distinguish in all cases between cancerous and scrofulous tumors, after they have advanced to a certain size. He is ready to confess that, in many instances, he has mistaken the one for the other; and has removed by operation tumors which, at the time, had the appearance of being cancerous, and, upon exami nation after their removal, found them of a scrofulous nature. On the other hand, he has neglected to remove tumors, from the circumstances making it probable that they were scrofulous, which afterwards became cancerous, and destroyed the patient."

In most of these general notions, Mr. Langstaff agrees with Dr. Baron; and, in the following particular remark, he also favours his views of the important connexion of these affections, in some instances at least, with morbid action of the absorbent vessels. In noticing a case of this disease in the liver, Mr. Langstaff says, "The tumors were not enveloped by capsules, but so intimately connected with the remaining structure of the liver, as to induce me to suppose there must have been first interstitial absorption, to allow the vessels to take on the office of depositing the diseased masses. This, however, opposes the notion of the hydatidical origin of the disease. On many other occasions, however, the author has observed that the tumors "possessed delicate cysts."

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Mr. Langstaff also witnessed several cases where a bloodý fungus, precisely similar in appearance to that supposed to mark a particular disease which has thence received its name, has arisen at a late stage of the organic lesion: in some instances, from spontaneous change; in others, from the parts having either been handled or cut into by the knife: and he is inclined, as well as Dr. Baron, to believe that this fungus is only one of the effects of the common disease. The author adduces many particular observations, supporting his opinion respecting the seat of the disease: in the lungs, the tumors occupied "chiefly the surface beneath the pleura, many of which had, by their growth, occasioned the absorption of that membrane, which allowed of their growing into the cavity of the chest," many of them, although enveloped with a cyst, formed by the pleura, projected considerably from the lungs. Similar appearances were observed between the layers of the omentum, and beneath the peritoneal covering of the intestines. The following observations, besides corroborating the opinion above alluded to, furnish some interesting facts respecting the progress of the disease;

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