tified him since; he seems now quiet and humble minded, and troth I believe him:

Pauper videri Cinna vult, & est pauper.

He is certainly humbled at present, and must be so for ever, if we do not give him opportunities to forget his humility, and resume his ambition. This seeming moderation of his bas given his friends a dainty occasion to declare against war. What, break with a king, who puts up the greatest insults, rather than break the peace? A king that has no inclination for war, and would rather grant any terms, than disturb the world, and himself, the few days he has to live? This is a specious pretence, but the truth is, France is brought to his last efforts, and cannot support the additional weight of Spain, two years longer, if we fall upon him. But if we can be so far imposed on, as to let him get a peace for but three years, France will then be able once more to make war for his glory.

As we have these great advantages, so let us set against them our visible disadvantages. For though France has squeesed the last drops into his exchequer, yet with that money which he has barbarously wrung from his poor slaves, he is finishing our ruin. It is that money has carried his troops into the Electorate of Cologne, and has opened him a way into the bowels of the Empire. It is that money which carries the recruit of twenty-thousand men, with an additional strength of twenty-thousand fresh men more into Italy. It is that by which he hopes to discover the measures of his enemies this winter, and the designed operations of the next campaign. Wherefore if we do not now oppose him with our utmost strength, but fall into divisions and delays, the heart of the confederacy will be dead, the Emperor must take what equivalent France will give him, the glory of the last campaign in Italy will pass as a dream, the unparalleled preparations the Dutch have made in defence of our common liberty must come to nothing, and those brave states must compound and come under France, as a maritime province of their new empire.

Thus in all human appearances the fate of Europe depends on the results of this parliament. If they are united, we are free: But should they be so unhappy as to be wheedled into a peace, or resolve but on a defensive war, both which God forefend, I can then think of nothing better for the interest of poor England, than by an early submission to gain the best terms we can, and get as easy a slavery as is possible from our new master Lewis the Great.

POLITICAL REMARKS

ON THE

LIFE AND REIGN OF KING WILLIAM III.

FIRST,

From his Birth to the Abdication of King James II.

SECONDLY,

From his Accession to the Crown of England to his Death.

TH First depriving him of a father, before scarce a human soul had

HOUGH fortune might seem a step-mother to this prince, by

been breathed into the infant, yet she abundantly made amends for that unkindness, by the prudence and indulgency of his mother, eldest daughter of King Charles the First, who, by means of the blood from whence she sprung, not only conveyed to him a prospect of attaining to three kingdoms, but also, by the care she took of his education, she formed his soul worthy of the crowns he was destined by Providence to wear.

We read a story of Sempronius, that he caught two snakes ingendering, and that, being surprised at the novelty, he consulted the oracle what the unlucky omen meant: The priests returned an That either himself or his wife must die; and that it was answer, at his election, whether he would submit to death himself, or doom the partner of his bed to that misfortune: That, upon his killing the male snake, it was his turn to die; and that, upon the death of the female, his wife must undergo the same destiny.' This generous Roman, unterrified with the apprehensions of another world, caused the snake to die, whose fate was twisted with his, confiding in the known piety and prudence of his lady, and believing her life more necessary to the common good of his family than his own. The oracle and his uxurious confidence were just; he died according to the prediction of the first, and his family, by the conduct of his widow, found themselves little prejudiced in the loss of so eminent an example of tenderness.

I shall not insist upon the truth of this story, we have some good authors to vouch it; but certainly, if the Prince of Orange, father to the late King William, had been permitted such an unhappy choice, he might, without a blemish to his character, have followed the steps of that illustrious Roman, and spared his lady, whose wisdom, courage, and civility laid the first foundation of that grandeur, which her warlike son, in succeeding ages, attained to. The States of the Seven Provinces stood his godfathers; nor did

VOL. X.

his mother, though so nearly allied to the crown of England, think it beneath her quality to implore the protection of persons meanly born, in comparison of her illustrious offspring, nor were the methods she undertook unagreeable to sound policy. The princely widow understood her interest very well, and the godson of those High and Mighty Potentates received, both in his own person, and in the respect was paid his mother, the greatest arguments of their sincere friendship and esteem.

No blasing star preceded his birth, and, with its prophetick beams, presaged his future grandeur. The Dutch astrologers could not see so clearly as the English, who affirmed, that a star of such a nature was seen just before the nativity of King Charles the Second. In this his country-men acted unhandsomely, in depriving his birth of so glorious and remarkable an accident.

And it must be acknowledged, as more reasonable in itself, if those celestial luminaries attend our actions here below, that the brightest of them should rather have waited on the nativity of King William, who restored the glory of the English, than upon King Charles the Second, who, by the supineness of his conduct, had near lost the reputation of his country, and the balance of Europe.

This humility of the Princess of Orange was as much commended by some as censured by others; but whoever weighs it, must acknowlege it a piece of refined policy, and that her consideration was both just and rational. By this step, and others of the like nature, she intirely rooted out those ideas, and that umbrage, the States had conceived at the greatness of the house of Orange, and shewed herself rather a grand-daughter of King James the First, than a sister of King James the Second.

His education was consistent with the manners of the country where he was educated; the methods, prescribed him by those that had the honour of his tuition, were solid and severe; nothing gay or glittering was seen in his court, or the conversation of those persons who were intrusted with the management of his tender years. His mind adjusted itself to the admonitions of his tutors, and produced a temper serious and thoughtful, quite averse from the usual gallantries practised in the more refined and polite courts, as they stiled themselves, of Europe.

He was never a mighty scholar himself, nor did he much affect learning, or the charms of a witty conversation. Such, as were masters of those happy qualities, were seldom employed by him, unless some of the first in the affairs of the church; and if ever he made use of persons, so distinguished, in his secular concerns, it was rather to please others than himself, and to acquire a reputation to his councils, more than for any pleasure he took in their harangues or conversation; and this may be truly said of him, without injustice to his memory, That he was a much greater king, but nothing so fine a gentleman as his uncle.

Though he was no great friend to polite learning, yet he took

care to acquire the French and English languages, which, afterwards, were of the highest importance to his management of several treaties of the last consequence to himself and his allies.

He never had many favourites, and it was well for England that he had no more than two; the first of these was Monsieur Bentinck, now Earl of Portland, who obtained his esteem and friendship by one of the most generous actions imaginable. This young gentleman was page to the Prince of Orange, and much of the same age with his master. It happened that the Prince was taken ill of the small-pox, which not rising kindly upon him, his physicians judged it necessary that some young person should lie in the same bed with the Prince, imagining, that the natural heat of another would drive out the disease, and expel it from the nobler parts. No-body of quality could be found in all the court to make this experiment; at last, Monsieur Bentinck, though he had never had the small-pox, resolved to run the risque; he did so, the Prince recovered, his Page fell ill, and, in a little time, had the happiness to find himself in a healthy condition as well as his master, Ever after this action of Monsieur Bentinck's, which was truly great and noble, the Prince had an intire affection for so faithful a servant, and particularly trusted him in affairs of the highest consequence. It was my Lord Portland that transacted the peace of Reswick, and the same nobleman managed the negotiations that were set on foot betwixt the then Prince of Orange and the English nobility, who had recourse to his Highness before his accession to these realms. If the favours of the King had stopped here, and his faithful minister had received no other arguments of his master's esteem, than reasonable gifts and honours, perchance the character of the deceased Monarch might have been something greater; but things were pushed too far, and, when the Parliament put a stop to some concessions intended for my Lord, it was a plain discovery of a weakness which had been better omitted.

Though his Highness commanded the army of the States, very young, when he was scarcely seventeen, an age when some noblemen are hardly exempt from the tuition of a pedant, yet he behaved himself with greater vigilance, prudence, and conduct, than could be reasonably expected of him, at that time of day.

But though his conduct was surprising, when he entered upon those high employments of Stadt-holder and General, yet he seems rather indebted to chance and the miseries of his country for those posts, than to any personal merit of his own, or the atchievements of his ancestors.

The French had near over-run all Holland, their armies had possessed themselves of Utrecht, and most of the rest of the frontier towns belonging to the States had submitted themselves to that invincible deluge, which their troops could not resist, nor their prudence or negotiations avoid. The faction of Barnevelt, well known by that name in the Low-Countries, were then at the helm, and the two brothers, the De Wits, were looked upon as chiefs of a party who opposed the grandeur of the house of Orange. One of these

was pensionary, which is principal secretary of state, and was either, in reality, a traytor to his country, or esteemed as such by the boors and common people, whose misfortunes sowred their humours, and made them ripe for tumults and rebellions. Upon the constant series of their ill success, the populace arose, tore in pieces the two unhappy brothers, and wrested the government from the hands of those who were averse to the house of Orange. They continued their resentments, and obliged the States to restore his highness to all the ancient honours of his family. Yet, though this young gentleman was made general by a tumult, yet, once posssessed of that high command, he behaved himself not like a tumultuary general; he soon repulsed the French out of their new conquests, with a greater chain of success than ever afterwards attended his military actions.

Though severe and reserved in the cabinet, yet, in the camp, he was fiery to a fault, and often exposed himself, and the cause he defended, with a rashness blameable in an officer of his dignity.

Yet one thing is very observable in his conduct, though he had the spirit and gallantry of a hero, yet he wanted the passion of love to make that character compleat. Neither before, at the time of his marriage, or afterwards, was he ever noted for any extraordinary tenderness; nor could the beauty of his queen, nor the address of any other lady, raise in him extraordinary transports. His soul was free from these weaknesess, or he had the art to conceal them.

But notwithstanding his whole life was an instance of his prudence in affairs of this nature (one case only excepted), yet he never shewed so great a reservedness, nor, indeed, a greater piece of wisdom, than upon his marriage with the Lady Mary, eldest daughter of the late King James. She was a princess, who, for her beauty, good humour, sense, and piety, had no equal in Europe. Her zeal for the Protestant religion was surprising in a lady of her youth, and what did not a little add to her shining qualities, was her being presumptive heiress to three kingdoms. The people of England were infinitely desirous this match should take effect, and King Charles persuaded the world he had the same inclinations, but privately insinuated to the Prince, that his making a peace with France, and his inducing the Spaniards to do the same, upon such terms as his Britannick Majesty proposed (which terms, in truth, were too favourable to the French) were the only means his Highness had to obtain the lady. Here was love and glory in opposition to one another; but the Prince, under these extraordinary circumstances, shewed an unchangeable temper, and a mind impregnable against the strongest assaults. He assured the crown of England, that, although he had the highest veneration for the Princess Mary, yet nothing could make him recede from the interest of the Allies, and he should always prefer his honour to all other considerations whatsoever. Fortune was just to his virtue; he gained his point both ways, and obtained the best of princesses for himself, and those articles of peace he insisted upon for his confederates.