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About the year 1690 there was a great quarrel between the mafter and fcholars of the grammar-school. The boys locked themfelves in the fchool, and were fupplied by the town's people with victuals and beds, which were put in at the windows. They even got fire arms and ammunition, which they employed in firing at the legs of perfons who attempted to get in. This petty rebellion continued a fortnight, fomewhat to the difgrace of those who ought to have exerted a better difcipline.

for the journey was on account of a child five years old who died there; and at her funeral, though so young, there was paid for gloves 21. 55.When this reputable perfon went to London, his conftant annual luxuries were Brunswick mum, beer, and tobacco. In the expences for 1702, there is a charge, for the first time, of ten fhillings for coffee and tea.— His houfe rent was forty pounds per annum, perhaps including his warehoufe. For feveral years, ten fhillings a quarter is put down for chapel wages, or his fubfcription to the diffenting meeting-house. In 1704 is five pounds for an afs; an enormous price for the time, from which it is probable that few were then bred near Manchester. For the fame year is 21. 10s. od. for a perriwig, but this was preparatory to a wedding, and double the price of those charged before. This was an expenfive piece of finery for fuch frugal times.

In 1693, a manufacturer, being in London, learned that one of his cuftomers, a mercer in Manchester, was bound in a large fum for a Londoner who was expected to break: he there upon wrote to his wife to go and dun the mercer, adding, "if thou canft not get money, take goods; thou mayft buy thyself a filk manteau and petticoat." For a fenfible and frugal man, who fet out with very little capital, to fend fuch an order to his wife, proves that thofe articles of nery were not then very uncommon. In a manufacturer's private expence book, under the date 1700, are different fums paid for two of his daughters who were at London in the houfe of a perfon who managed a warehouse for him. Among the reft is paid for a fpinet 51. 35. od. In the fame book, in 1701, is paid 261.18s.9d. for a journey to Scarborough, and hire of a coach 131. 6s. 2d. This was the fea-bathing place of the time,

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A proof of the early hours then kept appears in the following fact: in 1705 a manufacturer married a phyfician's daughter who had been genteelly educated and kept a good deal of company. The hour of afternoon visiting was then two o'clock, fo that for fome years after her marriage, he had always finished her vifit foon enough to go to the Old Church prayers at four. They then dined at twelve; and there being no fuch thing as a hair-dreffer, it was eafy to be ready for vifiting at two.

ACCOUNT OF THE ROCK SALT AT NORWICH IN CHESHIRE.

From the fame.

OCK-Salt is found from twentyeight to forty-eight yards beneath the furface of the earth. The firft ftratum or mine met with is from fifteen to twenty-one yards in thicknefs, perfectly folid, and so hard as to be cut with great difficulty with iron picks and wedges. Of late, the work

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twenty-five to thirty-five yards in thickness. Under this bed is a fecond ftratum, or mine, of falt, from five to fix yards thick, many parts of it per fectly white, and clear as crystal, others browner, but all purer than the upper ftratum, yet reckoned not fo ftrong. Above the whole mafs of falt lies a bed of whitish clay, which has been used in the Liverpool earthen ware; and in the fame place is found a good deal of gypfum, or plaifter ftone.

Rock-falt pits are funk at great expence, and are very uncertain in their duration, being frequently deftroyed by the brine fprings burfting into them, and diffolving the pillars, by which the whole work falls in, leaving vaft chasms on the furface of the earth. In forming a pit, a fhaft or eye is funk, fimilar to that of a coal-pit, but more extenfive. After the workmen have got down to the falt-rock, and made a proper cavity, they leave a fufficient fubftance of the rock, about feven yards in thick nefs, to form a folid roof, and as they proceed, they hew pillars out of the rock for the fupport of that roof, and then employ gunpowder to feparate what they mean to raise. When well illuminated, the cryftalline furface of the roof, pillars, and fides of a large pit, make a glittering and magnificent appearance. Fresh air is conveyed from the mouth of the pit by means of a tube, to which is fixed a pair of forge bellows, forming a continual current between the out

er air and that in the pit. The pits

at the greatest depth are dry, and of a comfortable temperature.

The largest rock falt pit now worked, is in the township of Witton, and in the lands of Nicholas Ashton, Efq. It is worked in a circular form, 108 yards in diameter, its roof fupported by twenty-five pillars, each three yards wide at the front, four at the back, and its fides extending fix yards. The pit is fourteen yards hollow; confequently each pillar contains 294 folid yards of rock-falt; and the whole area of the pit contains 9160 fuperficial yards, little lefs than two acres of land.

The average quantity of rock falt annually delivered from the pits in the neighbourhood of Norwich for the laft feven years is 50.484 tons. Another account ftates the annual average (no period mentioned) at about 65,000 tons. Upon this last calculation, the mode in which the rock-falt is difpofed of is ftated to be, exported to Dunkirk, Oftend, Riga, Bruges, Nieuport, Pillau, Elfineur, &c. from 45 to 50,000 tons ditto to Ireland, from 3000 to 4000 tons: refined in England, viz. At Northwich, Liverpool, Frodsham,

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3000 do. Dungeon works, 2500 do. The rock-falt, as well as the white falt, made at Northwich, is conveyed down the Weaver, and thence by the Merfey to Liverpool in vesfels from fifty to eighty tons burthen, and there re fhipped for foreign countries, or kept for refinement.

SOME ACCOUNT OF SIR BENJAMIN THOMPSON, KNT.

Count of Rumford, Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, St Staniflans, &c.

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country, he raised a regiment of American Dragoons, and fignalized himfelf on many occafions during the heat of that to-be-lamented conteft. At one period he was, we are told, employed under Lord George Ger

maine, Secretary of State for the American Department; and about February 1784 received from his Majefty the honour of knighthood.

In the fame year, by his Majefty's permiffion, he engaged himself in the fervice of his Serene Highness the Elector Palatine, Reigning Duke of Bavaria, and was employed in various public fervices, particularly in arranging his military affairs, and introducing a new fyftem of order, difcipline, and economy, among his troops. But these were not the most important fervices rendered to the Elector by Count Rumford: he formed eftablishments for the relief of the poor at Munich; furnished them with employment; put a complete stop to mendicity, then exceed ingly prevalent; and, by establishing good regulations, brought the whole vagrant tribe to prefer induftry to idlenefs, and cleanlinefs and decency to filth and rags. He fuggefted many plans for providing the poor with food, wholefome, agreeable, and nourishing, at a small expence; and by various experiments, was enabled to fave in the article of fuel a great part of the expence which before had been incurred in the article of dreffing the provifion for the table. In pursuing these enquiries he made many valuable difcoveries in the conftruction of chimneys; and was enabled to point out the means, which have fince been fuccessfully employ ed, of increasing the heat, and at the fame time decreafing the quantity of fuel,

In many parts of the three kingdoms, these experiments have been tried, and found to answer the propofed end; and, at the time we are writing this Memoir, numbers are employed in adapting the chimneys of many noblemen and gentlemen to receive the benefit of the plan. He

was the means of introducing into Germany the ufe of that wholefome vegetable the potatoe; of familiarizing the use of it to the people in general; and of conquering the national prejudice against it. He introdu ced manufactures, until then unknown, into Munich; and before he left that place to come to England, had the pleasure to affift in packing up, and fending off over the Alps, by the Tyrol, fix hundred articles of clothing of different kinds, for the poor of Verona. At that juncture he had hope foon to fee, the poor of Bavaria grow rich by manufacturing clothing for the poor of Italy. How far this expectation has been defeated by the calamities of war, which has fince raged in the place where his improvements were introduced, we are afraid to enquire.

Services fuch as thefe, though ori. ginally intended for particular places, are not to be confined to them; but are calculated for every fituation not forbidden by climate or inveterate prejudice. Much of Count Rumford's plans might be adopted in these kingdoms, to the 'benefit of every class; and fome of them have already met with a cordial reception. Where fo much has been done as at Munich, it may well be concluded that the Author has not gone unrewarded. He has received honours from his new mafter, the Elector (we hope more than honours,) and now ftiles himself Count of Rumford, Knight of the Orders of the White Eagle and St. Stanislaus, Chamberlain, Privy Counsellor of State, and Lieutenant General in the fervice of the Duke of Bavaria, Colonel of his Regiment of Artillery, and Commander in Chief of the General Staff of his Army, F. R. S. Acad. R. Hiber. Berol, Elec. Boico, Palat. et Amer. Soc.

BOOKS

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BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS PUBLISHED IN LONDON FEBRUARY 1797.

Theology.

and of Mankind, compared with the Traditions of ancient Nations. By P. Howard, Efq. 4to. Il. Is. bds. Faulder.

A Sermon on the Death of Dr. James Fordyce. By J. Lindíay. 18. 6d. Johnfon.

A Sermon on the Death of W. Taylour,
Efq. By T. Houlbrooke. 4to. Is. John-
fon.
The Mifchief of Vulgar Superftitions,
Four Sermons; with fome Account of
the Witches of Warboys. By M. I.
Nayior. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Rivingtons.
A Plurality of Perfons in the Godhead
proved. A Sermon at Oxford. By J.
Eveleigh, D. D. Is. Rivingtons.
A Defence of the Old Teftament in Anf-
wer to Paine's Age of Reafon. Part 2.
By D. Levi. 4s. Johnton.
Ecclefiaftes: or the Duties of a Public
Religious Inftructor. 12mo. 28. fewed.
Rivingtons.

The Ufe and Abuse of this World. A
Sermon, by W. Jones. Is. Rivingtons.
An Attempt to account for the Infidelity
of Mr Gibbon. By J. Evans. Is. 61,
Longman.
Argumentum ad Hominem: a Difcourfe
on the Clerical Character and its Ob-
ligations. 4to. Is. Chapman.
The Source of Virtue and Vice. Is. Crof
by.

The Charge of the Bishop of Offery to his Diocese in 1796. 18. Rivingtons. Inquiry into the Nature and Extent of the Infpiration of the Apoftles, &c. By W. Parry. 28. Conder.

Hiftory. Travels. Antiquitles. Biography. Hiftory of the Reign of George III. Vol.

4. By Mr Macferlen. 8vo. 9s. boards. Evans.

The Hiftory of England. By C. Coote. Vol. 8. 8vo. 6d. 6d. bds. Longman. The Environs of London. By D. Lyfons. Vol. 4. and laft. 4to. l. 16s. bds. Ca

dell.

The Hiftory of Kent, by Mr Hafted. 8vo. Vol. I. (of eight) 7s. 6d. bds.

Whites.

Sketches and Obfervations made on a Tour through various Parts of Europe. 8vo. 6s, bds. Conder. The Five Men, containing Memoirs of the Members of the prefent Directory of France. 2s. 6d. Jordan. Memoirs of Catherine II. Empress of Ruffia. 38. 6d. bds. Crosby. Ed. Mag. March 1797.

209

Specimens of Gothic Ornaments felected from the Parish Church of Lavenham in Suffolk, on 40 Piates. 40. 18s. in bds. or on large Paper, 11. 5s. Taylour. Law.

Treatife on the Law of Ufury and Annuities. By T. Plowden. 8vo. gs. bds. Butterworth.

A Complete Syftem of Pleading. By J. Wentworth. Vol. I. 8vo. 15s. boards. Robinfons.

Pofthumous Works of Charles Fearne ; published by T. M. Shadwell. 8vo. 129. bds. Butterworth.

Proceedings at a Court Martial, on the

Appeal of Captain Morrifon. 4to. 38. 6. Johaton.

Examination of the two late Elections for the Borough of Southwark. By Mr Dawes. Is. 6d. ib.

Medicine. Farriery. A Medical Gloffary in which the Words

in the various Branches of Medicine are deduced from their original Language, properly accented and explained. By W. Turton, M. D. 4to. Il. Is in boards. Johnson.

A Treatife on the Yellow Fever. By J. Clark, M. D. 8vo. 3s. 6d. bds. Murray and Co.

Effay on Tabes Dorfalis, by J. Neale. 2s. 6d. Walker.

Receipts for Disorders incident to Horned Cattle. By J. Downing and Co. 8vo. tos. 6d. Longman.

Book-keeping. Book keeping Reformed, by J. H. A Defence of the English Syftem of Wicks. 4to. 8s. bds. Longman. Book-keeping. By E. P. Jones. 8vo. 28. Vernor and Hood.

Poetry.
The Epiftle of Horace to the Pifos, in
English Verfe. By W. Clubbe. 4to. 28.
6d. Rivingtons.

Quebec Hill. By J. Mackay, Kay
Elegy on the Death of W. B. Cadogan.

By P. Bidulph. 6d. Dilly. The Chearful Companion: Songs, Catches and Glees, Is. Dilly.

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Edmund of the Foreft. 4 Vols. 12mo.

14s. fewed. Lane. Edmund and Eleonora, By E. Marshall, 2 Vols. 8vo. ros. 6d. bds. Stockdale.

Politics. Political Economy.

A View of the Caufes and Confequences of the present War. By T. Erskine, M. P. 25. Debrett. Thoughts on Finance, fuggefted by the Measures of the prefent S ffion. By the Earl of Lauderdale. 2s. Robinfons. Remarks on the Conduct of the refpective Governments on the late Negociations for Peace. By W. E. Taunton. Is. Stockdale.

Letter to the Duke of Portland in Defence of Minifters, in answer to Mr Burke. By J. Workman. 2s. 6d. Owen. Letter to the Earl of Charlemont on the Telegraph, and on the Defence of Ireland. By R. L. Edgeworth. 18. John

fon.

Letter to Mr Pitt on the additional Tax

on Sugar. Is. 6d. Egerton. Obfervations on the late A& for augmenting the Salaries of Curates. Is. 6d. Cadell and Davies.

Differtatio de Rebus-Geftis et Eloquentia Gul. Pi.t. 4to. 2s. ib.

An Effay on the Caufes and Viciffitudes of the French Revolution. is. 6d. Debrett.

The State of the Poor; or Hiftory of the labouring Claffes in England. By Sir F. M. Eden. 3 Vols. 4to. 31. 38. boards. Whites. A Treatise on Poverty, its Confequences and the Remedy. By W. Sebatier. 8vo. 5s. bds. Stockdale.

Remarks on the Bill (Mr Pitt's) for better Support of the Poor, now before

the Houfe. By W. Belfham. 4to. Is.
Robinsons.

Sketch of the State of the Children of the
Poor in 1756 and 1796 in the Parish
of St. James's. Is. Stockdale.
Abstract of the fame Bill, with Remarks..

IS. Stockdale. 6d. Debrett. Letter to Sir William Pultney on the fame Bill. By J. Wood. is Longman. The Effects of Property on Society and Government. By Captain Charles Patton. 8vo. 7s. bds. Cadell and Davies, A New Syftem of Finance. By T. Fry. 28. 6d. Jordan.

Eaft India Affairs.

Debate on declaring a Dividend, December 21 Taken By Woodfall. 2s. 6d. Debrett.

Mifcellaneous.

The Enquirer: Reflections on Education Manners and Literature. By W. God. win. 8vo. 78. 6d. bds. Robinfons. Hints to Public Speakers. By J. Knox. 2s. 6d. Murray and Co.

On the best Mode of defending Great
Britain againft Foreign Invafions. By
General Lloyd. 2s. 6d. Stockdale.
A Word or Two in Vindication of the
University of Oxford, in Reply to Mr
Gibbon 4to. Is. 6d. Rivingtons.
Selections in Profe, by T. Lacy. 19. 6d.
Macleish.

Letter to Chief Justice Eyre on the Caufe between Wait and Hornblower, for the Infringement of a Patent. By J. Bramah. 2s. Stockdale.

Family Secrets. By Mr. Pratt. 5 Vols. 12mo. l. 58. bds. Longman. Vaurien; or Views of the Philofophies, Religions, Politics, Literature and Manners of the Age. 2 Vols. 12mo. 8s. fewed. Cadell and Davies.

BOOKS PUBLISHED IN EDINBURGH IN JANUARY, FEBRUARY, AND MARCH

1797.

ETTERS from a Farmer to a Juftice

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of the Peace in Eaft Lothian, on the Bill for regulating the fale of Corn by weight. gd. Watfon and Co.

Annals of Medicine for the year 1796, by Andrew Duncan fenior, M. D. and Andrew Duncan, junior, M. D. 78. boards. Mudie and Son. Decifions of the Court of Seffion, from November 1794, to July 1795, collected by R. Davidfon and D. Douglas, Efqrs. Advocates. 6s. 6d. Bell and Bradfute.

Memoirs of the Revolution, or an apolegy for my conduct in the Public

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Employments which I have held. By D. Garet, tranflated from the French by Robt. Heron. Mudie and Son.

A New Dictionary of the Bible with fine Engravings, 2 vols. Morifon, Perth, and Mitchell, Edinburgh..

An Antwer to the fecond part of Paine's Age of Reafon, by Jaines Tytler. 18 Schaw and Pillans.

Practical Aftronomy, by Alex. Ewing, teacher of Mathematics, Edinburgh. 55. 6d. boards. Hill.

Lenora, and the Lafs of Fair Wone, two
Ballads from the German of Burger.
6d. each. Mudie and Son.
A Col-

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