mentioned, was reverfed, as to enable his Son, John Dudley, to enjoy the Dignity of his Family; and it was obferved, that the King from that time fhewed a great Refpect for this Gentleman, and, towards the End of his Reign, conftituted him Lord Admiral of England.

About this Time a Discovery was made, that the Negotiations, that had been fo fecretly carried on, between our Prince and the Pope, were communicated

*He far exceeded his Father, for he rofe to be Duke of Northumberland, and his Son, Gilbert, by an Intermarriage with the Lady Jane Gray, upon the Death of Edward the VIth, bid fair for the Crown, though it proved fatal, for the Father, the Son, and the young Lady loft their Heads. Yet Robert, the Duke's other Son, found Favour; for, in the firit of Queen Mary, he was reftored in Blood, and foon made Mafter of the English Ordnance at the Siege of St. Quintins. In the first Year of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, he was made Mafter of the Horfe, and Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter; in the third Year, Conftable of Windsor Castle; in the fixth Year, the Queen recommended him for a Hufband to Mary, Queen of Scots, and then the advanced him to the Titles of Baron of Denbigh, and Earl of Leicester; in her eighth Year, he was honoured with the Trophies of a Knight of the Order of St. Michael, by Charles the IXth of France, and chofen one of the Privy Council, and Captain General of the English Forces in the Low-Countries; and in

the Year 1588, upon the Spanish Invafion, advanced to be General of the English Forces against the Spaniards: Nor did he, even in the Declenfion of Life, drop the hopes of new Honours and Advancements, by the Acceffion of the high Character, of acting as the Queen's Lieutenant in the Government of England and Ireland, for which Letters Patent were actually drawn; but the Lord Chancellor, Hatton, and the Lord Treasurer, Burleigh, put a stop to it, and the Queen faw in time the great Danger of trufting fo large a Share of her own Prerogative in the Hands of a fingle Perfon; and foon after he fell into Difgrace, and died at Cornbury Park, in Oxfordshire, Sept. the 4th, 1588, and was buried at Warwick, where he has a noble Monument.

It may be further noted, that the Grandfather loft his Head, Auguft the 17th, 1510, on Tower-bill; the Father met with the like Stroke, on the fame Spot of Ground, August the 17th, 1553; and tho' the Son died in his Bed,he was in Difgrace, and it was ftrongly fufpected he poifoned himself.

ted to the French King, by one Buonvifo, a Bankrupt Italian Merchant, who refided in London, and was lately appointed his Holinefs's Agent here: This Man was of infinite Service to the French, by the early Intelligence he gave them of what was tranfacting in England.

Affairs of

Scotland. 1512.

In our laft Year's Account we spoke of a Misunderstanding between England and Scotland, but as the King was refolved to proceed in the War against France, he was refolved to try once more, whether he could not prevail on James the IVth to ftand neuter, and fent Thomas Lord D'Arcy and Dr. Nicholas West, Dean of Windfor, into Scotland, to offer him Satisfaction for all the Grievances, he could juftly pretend his Subjects had met with from the English. When thefe Ambassadors arrived, they found the King was making great Preparations for War, and that Courier after Courier was paffing between Scotland and France ; they, however, in the Audience granted them, reprefented, That their Mafter was fomething jealous of the Armament that he was making, feeing, if any Differences were fubfifting between his Majefty's and their Mafter's Subjects, the King was dy and well-difpofed to make them all the Satisfaction they could reafonably ask.' To which James answered, That, as there was an Appearance of a War between England and France, and as he was an Ally of both Crowns, he thought proper to arm his Subjects, to be ready in case of need, he not being difpofed to affift either Party, but to ob'ferve in their Quarrel an exact Neutrality: Which the Ambaffadors prayed they might have in Writing, but it was refufed.

rea

Thefe Ambaffadors found, in their Conference with the Scotch Minifters, touching the Differences between England and Scotland, that James was in the French Intereft; and one of them plainly told the

English

•

English Ambaffadors, That, as the English were greatly encreased in Power, and had often fhewed their Intention of Conquering or Uniting Scotland • with England, their Maiter looked upon it as his infeparable Intereft to prevent it, by fupporting the French whenever they were in Diftrefs; that they might, in their Turn, affift the Scotch, 'fhould the English attempt any thing to their Prejudice.' In Answer to this our Ambassadors endeavoured to fhew, That an Alliance with England < was much more natural than with France, and the more fo as the Royal Families of England and • Scotland were fo nearly united by Matrimony." But all Reafons proved ineffectual, and at laft the Ambaffadors difcovered, that James had actually, on the 22d of May, this Year, concluded a Treaty with France, to fupport that Crown against England; and foon after Henry got a Copy of the League, which fully convinced him, that Treating with James was now out of the Question, and therefore recalled his Minifters, and took care to provide for the worft Events, by fending the Earl of Surry into the North, who, as foon as he arrived, immediately fell to raifing an Army, and putting the Frontiers in the beft Pofture of Defence.

During thefe Tranfactions Cardinal Baynbridge, the English Ambaffador at Rome, was not deficient, in laying before Julius, purfuant to his Inftructions, what he expected from Scotland. His Holinefs thereupon directed a Monitory Brief to James, injoining him at this Juncture to forbear making War on England, under Pain of Excommunication. King James was highly difgufted, when he received Notice of this Brief, and directed the Bishop of Murray to ufe his best Endeavours to get it revoked; and, in cafe he could not, he ordered the Bishop to declare to the Pope, that the King, his Mafter,

would

would withdraw his Obedience; and that, if he was difpofed to make War upon England, this proceeding of the Court of Rome fhould not deter him from it. In fhort, whatever the Bishop could do, his Holinefs would not revoke the Brief.

Our Ambaffadors were no fooner returned from Scotland, than King James fhewed a particular Inftance of his Affection for France, in fuffering Ships to be built in Scotland for the Ufe of the French, and this very Year a Fleet failed from Scotland, under the Command of James Lord Hamilton,* to France, which was fo acceptable to Lewis the XIIth, that he made this Lord Knight of the Ship, † and granted him a large Penfion.

Affairs of
England.

1512.

Though War with France was declared, it was demurred what Part fhould first be attacked; but, because King Ferdinand had promised to join us in this (Holy) War, it was refolved, that a Body of Forces fhould land in the Spanish Dominions, and there join the Spaniards, and as foon as both Armies united they were to invade Guienne. The English Forces named for this grand Expedition were 10,000 Veterans, half of which were Archers, and the King was pleafed to appoint the Marquis of Dorfet (eldeft Son of Wolfey's firft Patron)

*From this Nobleman, James, Duke of Hamilton, and Brandon; James Hamilton, Earl of Abercorn; Thomas Hamilton, Earl of Haddington; Anne Hamilton, Countefs of Orkney; John Hamilton, Lord Belhaven; Guftavus Hamilton, Viscount Boyne; and James Hamilton, Lord Vifcount Limbrick, are all defcended. The prefent noble Duke was Son of the late Duke Hamilton, who was unfortunately killed, in a Duel with the late Charles Lord Mabun, on the 13th of Novem

ber, 1713. As his Grace, was univerfally beloved and efteemed in Scotland, the News of his Death caufed inexpreffible Grief to Perfons of all Ranks. He had many Virtues, was an obliging and conftant Friend, and affable to all he converfed with.

+An Order of Knighthood inftituted by St. Lewis, to encourage the Nobility of France to proceed by Sea with him to Africa, in order to make War on the Infidels.

tron) to be their Commander in Chief; who, as then reported, obtained this Command partly through Wolfey's Means, and expreffed himself in this grateful Manner to the Marquis : "That he thought "himself happy if he had rendred him any Ser"vice, and fhould think it the greatest Comfort of "his Life, to have a further Opportunity of fhewing "his Gratitude to any of the Sons of that noble Peer, "who had given him his first Preferment in the "Church."

The Marquis's fine Attitude of Body, Gracefulness of Mein, and fweet Difpofition of Mind feemed conjoined by Nature to render him a Companion for Princes; was the happy Man that never difpenfed with his Knowledge and celebrated Virtues, for the then fashionable Vices; and ever had the Efteem of the Court, the Love of his Soldiers, and the Refpect of all that knew him.

The Time being come for the Troops under the Marquis's Command to embark for Spain, (which they did under Convoy of Sir Edward Howard, Lord High-Admiral) the General was accompanied by his three Brothers, John, Anthony, and Leonard, (all educated under Wolfey) by the Lords Willoughby de Broke, Ferrers, and Burford, Sir Richard Cornwall, and many other Gentlemen; and he with his Forces fafely arrived at a Port in Guipofcoa on the 8th of June.

The Marquis of Dorfet was no fooner arrived there, but he found a Courier of the King of Spain waiting to receive him, who paid him great Refpect, and told him the Duke de Alva was taking the Field, in order to join him, which was very pleafing to the English, after fo tedious a Voyage. It is true, the Duke immediately put himself at the Head of the Spanish Army, but, inftead of joining the English, who were encamped near Fontarabia, with Defign to befiege the City of Bayonne, as had been refolved on,

he