Lane. These persons rambling into the country, without due caution, or provoking the Indians by their lawless conduct, many of them were cut off by the savages--others perished with want. The survivors were taken to England by Sir Francis Drake the following year, after his expedition against the Spaniards, in which he sacked St. Jago in the Cape de Verds, pillaged St. Domingo, took Carthagena and forced the inhabitants to ransom it; then took and destroyed the fort of Augustine in Florida.

Within a fortnight after the first colony had departed for England, Sir Richard Grenville arrived with provisions and an additional number of adventurers. Not finding the former colony, he left a few people and returned to England. In 1587, a third expedition was prosecuted under Mr. White, with three ships, and one hundred and fifteen persons were left at Roanoke. It was three years before any supplies were sent to maintain this colony, and when Governor White arrived in 1590, no Englishmen were to be found, and it was evident they had perished with hunger or been slain by the savages. The last adventurers therefore returned, and all further attempts to establish a colony in Virginia were at that time relinquished.

In the year 1602, Capt. Gosnold sailed from England with a small number of adventurers, arrived at Cape Cod, and coasting southward landed on Cuttahunk, the most southerly of the Elizabeth Isles. On a small isle, in a fresh water pond, within the large isle, he built a hut, and remained about six weeks. But his men not being willing to be left there, they all returned and effected nothing. Gosnold gave Cape Cod its name, from the abundance of Cod Fish about it-He also named the Elizabeth Isles, and Martha's Vineyard. But the isle which he called Martha's Vineyard is a small isle near it, now called Noman's land; the name has since been transferred to the present Isle of that name, which he called Dover Cliff, from the resemblance of the high steep bank, now called Gay Head, to the cliffs of Dover in England.

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The French king, by letters patent, dated November 8th, 1603, granted to de Monts the sole jurisdiction over the country called Acadia extending "from the fortieth to the forty-sixth degree of latitude," with the title of Lieutenant General, with power to appoint officers civil and military, to build forts, towns and the like. Under this patent, were made the French settlements on the Iroquois and in Nova Scotia, which afterwards proved the cause of wars between France and England, and the source of innumerable calamities to the English Colonies, until the peace of 1763.

In 1585, Capt. John Davis made an attempt to find a north-west passage to India, in which he proceeded to the sixty-seventh degree of latitude, where meeting with fields of ice, in the strait that bears his name, he returned. The next year he pursued the same track and penetrated Baffin's bay to the eightieth degree of latitude, but returned, having done nothing but barter a few toys for seal-skins. In 1605, Sir George Weymouth made a like attempt, but fell to the southward, coasted along New-England, entered the bay of Pemaquid, but returned without accomplishing any important object, except carrying to England three natives, who were afterwards useful to the Plymouth company in their attempts to settle America.

The first grant from the crown of England under which effectual settlements were made in Virginia and New-England, was dated April 10, 1606. By this charter, King James assigned to Sir Thomas Gates and others, all the lands in America from the latitude of thirty-four degrees to forty-five, all of which was then called Virginia. But by this charter two companies were constituted. One called the London Company, and to this were assigned all the lands between thirtyfour and forty-one degrees of latitude, extending inland, one hundred miles from the sea coast, with all the isles within one hundred miles of the main land. To the other, called the Plymouth Company, were assigned the lands between the thirty-eighth and forty-fifth degrees of latitude, extend

ing one hundred miles into the main land, with all the isles within one hundred miles. The first tract was called South Virginia and the other North Virginia.

By charter dated May 23, 1609, King James incorporated the London Company with full powers of government in America. A council was appointed resident in England, with powers to appoint the governor and other officers of the Virginia colony. By this charter the boundaries of Virginia were enlarged; the grant extending from Point Comfort on the north two hundred miles, and on the south two hundred miles along the sea coast, and westward and north westward into the main land throughout from sea to sea, with the isles within a hundred miles of the coast.

Under the authority of the first patent, the London Company sent Capt. Newport to Virginia at the close of the year 1606, with a company of adventurers, Mr. Wingfield being their President. As the usual course from England to America at that time, was by the West-Indies, Newport did not arrive till the end of April 1607. Entering the bay of Chesapeake, he gave name to Cape Henry, sailed into the Powhatan or James River, and began a plantation, called Jamestown, in which he left a hundred and four persons and returned to England. The next year he carried a hundred and twenty persons to join the colony, with supplies of provisions.

In 1609, Sir George Somers and Sir Thomas Gates sailed for Virginia with a number of ships and five hundred adventurers, consisting of men, women and children. Before they arrived, they were overtaken with a tremendous tempest, and obliged to run one of their ships ashore on the Isle to which the name of Somers was at first given, but which is now called Bermuda. The Isle was uninhabited, but with such materials as they had saved from their ship, or found on the spot, they built a small pinnace or two, and after several months residence on Bermuda, sailed to Virginia. Finding the colony reduced by sickness and want, they resolved to abandon the country, and actually sailed for England. But the next

day, meeting Lord Delaware with fresh supplies, they all returned, and prosecuted the planting of the country. In 1611, Sir Thomas Dale arrived with three hundred additional settlers, and the colony was established.

A third charter was obtained by the London Company, dated March 12, 1612. The chief object of this seems to have been to obtain an enlargement and an alteration of the powers of the company, as the first governors of the colony found many of the settlers disobedient and refractory; and also to extend the limits of the grant so as to comprehend the isle of Bermuda, which by the shipwreck of Sir George Somers, had been explored, and was deemed an object of magnitude to the company, but did not fall within their patent. In the third charter, the jurisdiction of the company was extended over all the Isles within three hundred leagues of the boundary of the first patent on the ocean, and between thirty and fortyone degrees of latitude. This included Bermuda.

In 1606, the Plymouth company sent Capt. Challons to make further discoveries and begin a plantation in America ; but steering southward, he was taken by a Spanish fleet and carried to Spain. A ship under Capt. Prinn, arrived, explored the rivers and bays, but not finding Challons, returned. The next year, Capt. Popham with two ships, and one hundred adventurers, came to America, and began a plantation on Mohegan, an Isle near the mouth of Sagadahoc, now called Kennebec, in the month of August. But the following winter proving to be unusually severe, President Popham dying, and a magazine of their provisions being burnt, the settlement was broke up, and the survivors returned to England.

Henry Hudson, an Englishman, probably in the service of the Dutch, sailed in quest of a North West Passage, in 1607, and penetrated as far north as eighty degrees of latitude. From him were named the strait and great bay on the north of Labrador. He made a second voyage the next year, to

the same region, without success. In this voyage, it is sup

posed he sailed along the coast southward, discovered and gave name to the river which washes New-York and Albany.

Hudson was in the service of the Dutch East India Company, or sold his claims to that Company which obtained a patent for an exclusive trade on the river Hudson. In pursuance of which, a number of trading adventurers built a fort at Albany in 1612 or 13, and in 1614, on the isle Manhattan, now New-York. The country was called New-Netherlands, the settlement on Manhattan was named New-Amsterdam, which names they retained, till the conquest of the country. by the English in 1664. By charter dated June 3d, 1621, an exclusive right to trade to America was vested, by the States General, in the West India Company, and the settle ment on Manhattan was prosecuted with success.

An attempt was made to settle the large but barren isle Newfoundland, under a grant of King James to the Earl of Northampton and others, dated April 27, 1610. A small party began a plantation in the same year; but the isle is not yet populous; the climate being cold and the soil not fruitful. The Isle is principally valued as a shelter for the fishermen, and a station for drying cod fish, which are taken in vast quantities on its banks.

The London Company having obtained a grant of Bermuda, they sold the property of it to one hundred and twenty of their company, who obtained a charter in 1612, and sent a colony of sixty persons there, the same year, under the government of Richard Moor, calling the Isles after Sir George Somers. In the course of the following year, five ships were sent with near five hundred additional adventurers, and the colony was established. This cluster of islands had been discovered almost one hundred years before, by one Bermuda, a Spaniard; and they still bear his name in common language.

Capt. John Smith, a famous adventurer, sailed with two ships, to the coast of America, in 1614; and while his men were employed in fishing, he ranged along the coast from Mohegan to Cape Cod. He left one ship and went to Eng