(a) Essentially a washing with water: (b) No mode is necessary because not specified in the command:

(c) Water is necessary because it is commanded, and because it is the natural symbol of moral purification; established

as such in the ritual of Moses:

EPH. V.

25 Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it; 26that he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word,

3.

What is necessary as to the form of words in which baptism is administered?

(a) In the name of the three Persons: MATT. xxviii.

19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:

(b) The phrases, "in the name of Jesus Christ," and "in the name of the Lord," do not present the form of words used, but are used simply by way of distinction from John's baptism:

ACTS ii.

38 Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one

for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost.

(c) Such phrases signify, to be made their believing and obedient disciples: (d) To be baptized in the name of the Trinity, the Lord Jesus, or into Christ, is, by the grace of that which is merely the sign, to be united to Christ, or to the Trinity through Him; to be disciples, believers, heirs, and participants in His spiritual life: MATT. xxviii.

19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:

TITUS iii.

5 Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost; 6 Which he shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Saviour;

Secondarily, arising out of the former; (a) to be a visible sign of our covenant to be the Lord's; to accept His salvation, and consecrate ourselves to His work; and (b) to be a badge of our public pro fession-as belonging to the Lord, thus distinct from the world, and united with all believers:

us as

ROM. vi.

3 Know ye not, that so many of were baptized into Jesus. Christ were baptized into his death? 4 Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.

5 For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection: 6 knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin might

be destroyed, that henceforth we should

not serve sin.

(b) Dr. Carson says, "The immersion of the whole body is essential to baptism, not because nothing but immersion can be an emblem of purification, but because immersion is the thing commanded, and because that, without imme sion, there is no emblem of death, burial, and resurrection, which are in the emblem equally with purification."

He founds his assumption, that the outward sign was designed to be an emblem of the death, burial, and resurrection of the believer in union with Christ, upon

(c) But it is objected, because St. Paul

does not say that our baptism in water is an emblem of our burial with Christ; for he is evidently speaking of that spiritual baptism of which water baptism is the emblem, by which baptism we are caused to die unto sin, and live unto holiness, in which death and new life we are conformed unto the death and resurrection of Christ; we are said to be "baptized into Christ," " which is the work of the Spirit, not "into the name of Christ," which is always the case when speaking of ritual baptism:

4 Then said Paul, John verily baptized with the baptism of repentance, saying unto the people, that they should believe on him which should come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus.

5 When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.

(d) "Baptized into His death" is per"into remission of sins," "into one body," fectly analogous to "into repentance," in order that, or to the effect, that, we participate in the benefits of His death: MATT. iii.

11 I indeed baptize you with water

unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire: 12 Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire. MARK i.

John did baptize in the wilderness, and preach the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins.

5 And there went out unto him all the land of Judæa, and they of Jerusalem, and were all baptized of him in the river of Jordan, confessing their sins.

I COR. xii.

13 For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit.

(e) The Baptists' interpretation involves an utter confusion in reference to the emblem. Do they mean that the outward sign of immersion is an emblem of the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ, or of the spiritual death, burial, and resurrection of the believer? But the point of comparison in the passages themselves is plainly, "not between our baptism and the burial and resurrection of Christ," but between our death to sin, and rising to holiness, and the death and resurrection of the Redeemer:

(f) Baptists say, that baptism with water is an emblem of spiritual purification, i.e., regeneration, but insist that it is also an emblem of (in the mode of immersion)

the death of the believer to sin and his

new life of holiness; but what is the distinction between regeneration and a death unto sin, and a life unto holiness? (g) Baptists state, that water baptism is an emblem of purification; but surely it is impossible that the same action should at the same time be an emblem of a washing, and of a burial and a resurrection. One idea may be associated

with the other in consequence of their spiritual relations, but it is impossible that matic of all: the same visible sign should be emble

(h) Our union with Christ through the Spirit, and the spiritual consequences thereof, are illustrated by many various figures:

(a) Substitution of a heart of flesh: Ezek. xxxvi.

25 Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you.

26 A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you: and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh. and I will give you an heart of flesh.

27 And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them, 28 And ye shall dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers; and ye shall be my people, and I will be your God. (3′) Building of a house: EPH. ii.

21 In whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord:

22 In whom ye also are builded together for an habitation of God through the Spirit.

(y') Ingrafting of a branch: JOHN XV.

5 I am the vine, ye are the bran ches: He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit: for without me ye can do nothing.

(♪′) Changing one's raiment : EPH. iv.

have been taught by him, as the truth is 21 If so be that ye have heard him, and in Jesus:

22 That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man,

26 Jesus answered, He it is, to whom I shall give a sop, when I

dipped the sop, he gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon.

27 And after the sop Satan entered into him. Then said Jesus unto him, That thou doest, do quickly.

REV. xix.

13 And he was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood: and his name is called The Word of God.

under; Middle, to bathe. (3) To baptize. (B) Barril, to dip repeatedly, dip From Bánтш. Occurs 70 times:

MATT. iii. 6, 11 (twice), 13. And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins.

11 I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire:

13 Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him. LUKE iii.

7 Then said he to the multitude that