2. Of Offices holden at the pleasure of the Crown, a few are filled up by the Governor, or by the Governor in Council, in pursuance of special Enactments authorising, in these particular cases, such a deviation from the established form. In the absence of such Enactments, Public Offices are usually filled up in the name of Her Majesty. All Offices of considerable rank, trust, and emolument, are filled up by appointments, either provisional or final; provisional when they are made by the Governor on any sudden emergency, subject to Her Majesty's approbation; final when they are made in obedience to Her Majesty's commands. The right of appointment to such Offices is vested as a general rule, in the Crown. Nevertheless, under Local Enactments, the right of appointments is occasionally vested in the Governor, or Governor in Council.

3. The general rule is, that all Public Offices of considerable rank, trust, and emolument should be granted by an Instrument under the Public Seal of the Colony in Her Majesty's name. In the case of provisional appointments such Instruments are issued by the Governor in pursuance of Her Majesty's General Instructions. In the case of final appointments, they are issued in pursuance of Her Majesty's Special Instructions, which Special Instructions are conveyed to the Governor generally in the form of warrants under the Royal Sign Manual, and Signet.

4. The distinction between Offices which are, and Offices which are not of considerable rank, trust, and emolument, being in itself vague and indefinite, has been rendered as precise as the nature of the case admits, by the following distinction. Offices are classed under three heads: -1, those of which the emoluments do not exceed one hundred pounds per annum; 2, those of which the emoluments exceed one hundred, and do not exceed two hundred pounds per annum; 3, and those of which the emoluments exceed two hundred pounds per annum; 5, in the case of offices of the first or lowest of the three classes just mentioned, the Governor, as a general rule, has the absolute disposal, subject

only to the condition of reporting every such appointment by the first opportunity.

5. In the case of Offices of the third or highest class, the Governor is to make a special report of the grounds of his appointment, and is distinctly to apprise the object of his choice, that he holds the Office in the strictest sense of the word provisionally only until his appointment is confirmed by Her Majesty. In such case, the confirmation takes place in the form already mentioned, of a warrant under the Royal Sign Manual, and Signet.

6. When a vacancy occurs in the second or middle Class, the Governor reports it to the Secretary of State, together with the name and qualifications of the person whom he has appointed to fill it provisionally, and intends to fill it finally; which recommendation is almost uniformly followed.

7. When a vacancy occurs in the higher Class, the Governor follows the same course as to reporting the vacancy, and provisional appointment; he is at liberty also to recommend a Candidate for the final appointment, but it must be distinctly understood that the Secretary of State reserves to himself the power of recommending another instead.

8. It is of course impossible to lay down any general rule for deciding in what case the recommendation of a Governor will, or will not be ultimately sanctioned and confirmed by the Queen; but in general it may be stated, that Her Majesty will be advised to regard more favourably appointments which are in the nature of promotions of meritorious Public Servants, than appointments made in favour of persons new to the Public Service; and that when any new Office has been created, the Governor's recommendation for filling it up will carry with it less weight than in the case of Offices which the Governor may have found already established. In cases of such new Offices, there will be always more than usual reason to anticipate that an appointment will be made directly from this country.

9. It is further to be understood, that in determining the propriety of appointments from this country or from the

Colony, regard will probably be had to the comparatively advanced state of wealth and population in each Colony, and to the number of properly-qualified Candidates among whom the Local Authorities may have the opportunity, as vacancies occur, of making a selection for Her Majesty's approval and confirmation through the Secretary of State.

10. In the distribution of the patronage of the Government in the Colonies, great weight must always be attached to local services and experience. Every Governor will, therefore, make once in each year a Confidential Report of the claims of Candidates, whether already employed in the Public Service or not, whom he may consider to possess that qualification, in order that when a vacancy or an opportunity for promotion occurs, the Secretary of State may have before him the means of judging how far the particular Candidate recommended by the Governor is on the whole the best qualified, and whether a Candidate of proper qualifications is to be found in the Colony, or in any adjacent Colony.

Such Reports being prepared, not in reference to any existing vacancy and an actual appointment, but on the more broad and deliberative view of the actual state of the Civil Service, and the comparative claims and qualifications of different Candidates, will obviate some inconveniences which have arisen from the simultaneous appointment of an Officer, and report on his fitness for Public Office. It will also afford to the Secretary of State, who will have before him at the same time the whole of these Reports, more effectual means than he at present possesses of judging of the merits generally of Officers employed in subordinate situations throughout Her Majesty's Colonial possessions; and will materially increase the prospects of advancement and encouragement to meritorious Officers in such situations, by enlarging the range within which they may hope to obtain promotion as a reward for active and efficient service. In cases where the means of effectually recruiting the Public Service, as vacancies may arise, shall appear not to be within the Governor's reach, the Secretary of State will think it pecu

liarly incumbent on himself to select proper persons in this country.

11. The Governor will institute inquiries into, and report upon the qualifications of other Candidates of whom he may have less knowledge, when he sees sufficient reason for supposing that the Public Service might gain by their admission into it, but in the application of these Rules much must be left to the Governor's discretion.

APPENDIX C.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF BRITISH INDIA,
AND RELATIONS OF THE IMPERIAL
GOVERNMENT WITH THE

NATIVE

STATES.

(EXTRACTED FROM STATISTICAL PAPERS RELATING TO INDIA.")

$ 1.

The Local Government of British India is now adminis- Local Gotered partly by Native, and partly by European Civil Func-vernment. tionaries. The agency of the former was first employed during the Administration of Lord William Bentinck, and though the experiment has been tried for little more than twenty years, there are now more than two thousand Native Civil Officers in various departments at various salaries in British India. The highest offices in the Indian Civil Service are, however, still held by Europeans specially trained by a system of Education commenced in England and completed in India, apprenticed, in the first steps of their career, to Collectors of Revenue or Administrators of Justice, and afterwards gradually promoted according to their qualifications to the highest Offices in their respective Departments. The large number of Functionaries constituting the Local Executive of British India is accounted for partly by the absence of any municipal or representative system, and partly by the commercial undertakings in which the Go