mineralogy, and afford a great mass of the most interesting information in that department of natural history.

The first volume of Miscellaneous Treatiscs, &c. by Baron VON MENU, MajorGeneral, and Governor of his Royal Highness Prince Charles of Prussia, &c. has been published by Maurer, in Berlin, and has been sent by the learned author to his correspondent in this city. The illustrious author. is a zealous and most active antiquary. His military knowledge, his scientific acquirements, and the ardour with which he investigates and explores the antiquities of his native land, and other countries, enable him to present us with highly interesting results. He proves, as appears to us incontestibly, that various antiquities which have been hitherto considered as Roman, are the reliquiæ of Germanic operations.

An eminent literary character in Germany, has transmitted to a correspondent in this city, his plan of a new periodical work, to be published at Leipzig, entitled, Amerika dargestellt durch sich selbst,—America represented (or set forth) by itself. The numbers are to appear every Tuesday and Saturday evening.

Though this work will be obtainable in all the chief cities and towns of Germany, and though one of the principal editors resides at some distance from Leipzig, yet that is the place where it will be published (by Goeschen), and not Hamburg, as is erroneously stated in the Boston and New-York papers.

"The editors will not speak of the importance of this object, considering that as superfluous, and indeed as an offence against the truly intelligent reading world, which knows very well how favoured America aspires, in its own vigour and youthful strength, at the same time appropriating to its own use whatever in the old world has been produced by genius, and pointed out by experience as salutiferous."

"The materials for this journal will not be taken from English or French accounts, but shall be furnished immediately from the country to which this establishment is devoted, partly by written communications, and partly by the numerous American public newspapers and monthly journals.'

The editors proceed to assure the German public, that they will be assisted by respectable gentlemen in America, and that arrangements are made to procure the earliest and most correct intelligence from the United States. They then give

the plan, which is truly extensive, and will embrace,

"1st. Government in all its branches; conseqently, new Laws, Civil Institutions, Finances, State of Defence, and of the Military Order, &c.

"24. Progress of the Culture of the Land, and of the Minds of the Inhabitants; consequently, Rural Economy, Intellectual, Moral, and Religious Improvement, State of the Church, Education, Sciences, Arts, Inventions, Formation of National Character, Traits and Anecdotes from the Lives of Distinguished Men, &c.

"3d. State of Society; consequently, Number of Inhabitants, Commerce, Navigation, Industry in general, Manufactures, Luxury, Conveniences, Amusements, &c.

"4th. Remarkable Occurrences of Time and Nature; consequently, War and Peace, Extraordinary Appearances in the Material World, &c."

The first numbers of this interesting work may be soon expected in this city. The talents of the principal editor, his extensive acquaintance with America and American literature, and the whole plan and arrangement of this journal, leave not a doubt that it will be ably conducted. By this means correct information relative to our own country will be diffused throughout a great portion of Europe; and we know that this journal will circulate in Germany, Poland, Russia, Denmark, Sweden, Holland, &c. &c.

A new edition of SCHLEUSSNER'S LEXIcoN NovI-TESTAMENTI, revised and corrected by several eminent scholars, is printing at the Edinburgh University, in quarto, and will be stereotyped. [It is to be regretted that the edition of SCHLEUSSNER, as lately revised, corrected, and published at Leipzig, is not stereotyped, as the edition now publishing at Edinburgh differs in many points, and, with many eminent biblical critics, is not in such high estimation as the more genuine German editions.]

Some curious letters from Madame BERTRAND, at St. Helena, to a female friend in France, are said to be in preparation for publication in London, French and English.

A distinguished Chiropœist, London, has in the press, The Art of Preserving the Feet; or Practical Observations on the Prevention and Cure of Corns, Bunnions, Callosites, Chilblains, &c. [Probably as the first step towards prevention and cure the author will recommend wide and easy shoes.]

SAMUEL BAGSTER, London, is printing an edition of the Book of Common Prayer, with translations into the Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, German, and French languages: to be comprised in a quarto volume.

Professor STROMEYER, Gottingen, has discovered a new metal which has received the name of Caducium. It is white as tin, very ductile, combines easily with other metals, fuses and volatiles in less time than zinc. It is found in abundance in the mines of this last metal. Its specific weight is 8.65. It is expected that this metal will be of great consequence to the arts, on account of its properties, and of those which it communicates to metals with which it is capable of amalgamating.

Dr. McCULLOCH, Scotland, has discovered two new minerals in that country. The first is easily recognised by its resemblance to indurated steatite or nob e serpentine, and by its green colour, on a fresh fracture, shortly turning to black, when it can scarcely be distinguished by the eye from jet or dry coal. It is also infusible before the blowpipe. Dr. M. has given it the name of chlorophacite, from its obvious property. It occupies amygdaloidal cavities in the trap rocks. The second is a white powder, of a harsh feel, but incapable of scratching glass, and nearly as fusible as that substance, producing a transparent, colourless bead; characters sufficient to distinguish it from any mineral hitherto described. It occupies similar cavities in trap; and he has given to it, from its leading character, the name of conite.

SCHROTER, the celebrated German astronomer, of Lilienthal, has published an account of the comet which appeared in 1811, and from a comparison of his observations on this comet with those made by him on that of 1807, he has deduced some remarkable conclusions. The apparent diameter of the head of this comet in 1811, was 34′ 12", which gives a real diameter of 2,052,000 geographical miles! The greatest apparent length of the tail was 18°, equal to 131,852,000 geographical miles!-Mr. Schroter conceives it impossible to explain this prodigious extent without admitting that there exists in the space around the sun a subtile matter, susceptible of becoming luminous by the combined influence of the sun and the comet. Independently of the force possessed by comets as masses of matter, he believes them to be endowed with a repulsive and impulsive force, which has some analogy to the electric fluid, and like it acts in different directions.

RICHERAUD, France, exults in having proved to the world, that for very important purposes, the cavity of the thorax may be opened by excision of the ribs and of the pleura; in case of a great lesion of a lobe of the lungs, a part may be cut off, and hydroperi cardium might be operated as a hydrocele.

A new method of shoeing horses has been introduced in England. It consists of two pieces joined by a hinge, which is defended by a strong steel-headed rivet, and by adapting itself to the expansion of the foot is intended to prevent contrac tion.

LINES

ON LAKE ONTARIO.

ART. 7.

From Lieutenant Hall's Travels in Canada and the United States.

ONTARIO's ample breast is still,

And silence walks the distant hill;
And summer-barks are gently gliding,
Where lately yonder war-tow'rs riding
Scem'd like leviathans, to load
The bosom of the groaning flood.
Oft as gray dawn broke o'er the wave,
Each hostile line stern greeting gave,
And oft, beneath the setting sun,
Responsive peal'd each heavy gun.
Then crouch'd the midnight ambuscade,
Within the pine-wood's pillar'd shade,
And Indian war-notes fiercely rose,
A death-dirge to unwary foes,

POETRY.

As burst their murdering attack
Upon the drowsy Bivouac.

Round leaguer'd fort, and post, and ford
The crashing shell and cannon roar'd,
Till rung th' alarum of the fray,
From old Toronto's* quiet bay,
To where Niagara madly pours

His boiling tide 'twixt mountain shores:-
The eagle, whose broad wing was spread
Above the cataract's wild bed,
Scared by unwonted thunders, rose
To hang the nest of his repose,
Where cedars desolately wave
O'er Naniboja's island grave:t

*The Indian name for York, where formerly was an Indian town.

One of the Manitoulin islands. For the story, see Henry's Travels in Canada in 1760 and 1776, p. 168.

num

tribute the disorders to the sedicious writings and secret machinations of the Black Dwarf and company.

creased by about thirty members. Among the new members is Sir Robert Wilson, who took so active a part in the escape of Lavalette, and who wrote the book on the resources of Russia. In an address to his constituents, he informed them he should adopt the following rules for his parliamentary conduct, viz. "1st, That an idle man is a useless animal. 2d, That a man in power should never go to sleep without thinking of those who are awake. 3d, That before he eats his dinner he should reflect that there are many who would like to dine with him:-and 4th, That when he walked along the streets, he should reflect that there were some who could not walk, because they were in irons." There exists, at present, great discontent among the labourers at Manchester.

A letter to the editor of the London Courier, from Manchester, August 1, states that the spinners, to the number of 14,000, still continue to bid defiance to their employers, and are subsisting upon their own limited means. This combination of the labourers appears to be quite extensive; and it is even stated that remittances to these deluded people have been made from the mechanics of London. Some of the English papers speak with trembling upon the subject, and at

continues, and the strength of the discontented is even increased by continual accessions of numbers. No means of checking this monstrous and alarming evil has yet been suggested, and indeed it appears to be beyond the reach of human ingenuity to provide the adequate remedy without such encroachments on the liberty of the subject as cannot be endured. An application of military force has been spoken of, but such a cure would be worse than the disease. This, however, is most certain, that if we cannot destroy this principle of combination, it will infallibly destroy us. Neither commerce, nor manufactures, nor law, nor liberty, nor independence, can consist with the right of legislation assumed by these confederacies, in the most important of all matters, the price of labour.

It is the opinion of many writers that Great Britain has now reached the acme of her prosperity, and that her speedy decline, in conformity to the history of all nations, must soon be expected to commence. Various conjectures have been formed as to the causes which are likely to produce her ultimate downfal. The corruption of government; the increase of luxury; the failure of public spirit; the future marine superiority of America, have all been brought forward as probable

efficient causes of our declension in the scale of nations.

The manufacturers at Stockport, turn ed out for higher wages. They committed some depredations and made battle, with brick bats and stones, against a corps of cavalry, and beat them off. Additional troops were expected. Some of the rioters had been apprehended.

Wages in Scotland.-Farm servants for six months, with bed, board and washing found, from 6 to 8 pounds; women's wages from 3 to 4 pounds. Labourers by the day, with victuals, receive one shilling, without victuals, one shilling and six pence.

Mr. Baring, the banker, it is said, is invited to attend the meeting of the sovereigns at Aix-la-Chapelle. His interest in the French loans is given as the cause of it.

A report was in circulation at Hamburg, that England will probably obtain by negociation a port in the Baltic.

As a proof of the increase of the foreign commerce of Liverpool, it is stated, that the dock duties, which were in 1817, 75,9997. 16s. 4d. have this year risen to 98,5381. Es. 3d. being an increase of 22,6387, 11s. 11d.

The woolen manufactory in England, it is said, is rapidly increasing. In proof of this fact, we are told, that the quantity of wool imported into all parts of England during the last year, amounted to one hundred and ninety millions of pounds; whereas, the quantity imported during the preceding year, amounted only to 86 millions, and not more than 75 millions in any former year.

London, July 31.-RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY.-Proportion of the debt and resources of this country at the present and former periods.-Upon the accession of George the First, in 1714, the debt amounted to 54,145,3637; the same debt, as it stood on the 1st of February, 1817, had accumulated to 819,536,9371. The reign of George I. embraced a period of 12 years, 10 months, and 10 days, during which the whole sum produced by the customs was 21,632,9851; and by the excise 30,421,4517. Now the articles subject to customs and excise, are such as the majority of a nation never purchase till they are provided with other commodities of more indispensable necessity.The increase of the former keeps pace with the increase of the national wealth, and exhibits a certain demonstration of that increase.

The customs for the year, ending the 5th of January, 1816, amounted to

10,487,5221: the excise duties, during the same interval produced 26,562,4321, the then existing war duties are included in this amount. Here the customs for one year will be found to have produced nearly as much as they did in six years of the reign of George I. and the excise, during one year of the present reign, amounted to a sum equal to about fivesixths of the total produce, during a period of more than twelve years, in the above-mentioned reign. The produce of the stamps may not be thought to furnish so sure a test of national wealth, as that of the customs and excise; but yet as they are an index of a multifarious class of dealings betwixt man and man, they may serve to elucidate the amount of the circulating wealth during any particular period. If we compare the amount of the stamp duty in George I. with that in the present reign, we shall be forcibly struck with the disparity. During the latter part of George I. the stamps produced the annual sum of 132,6651; whilst between 5th Jan. 1816, and 5th Jan. 1817, they amounted to 5,965,4341, or near six millions sterling. Notwithstanding the immense increase in the scale of the stamp duty, which has taken place in the present reign, we must recollect that it is the increased opulence and multiplied dealings of the country which have enabled it to bear this increase; and it must at the same time be considered, that though the payment of the duty is compulsory upon particular legal and commercial transactions, those transactions themselves are optional; and that therefore the payment of the duty itself being so far spontaneous, the increase on that duty can be owing to nothing but the prosperity of the country. The increased revenue of the post office furnishes a signal proof not only of the increased civilization, but of the increased wealth of the country within the last century. In the four last years of George I. the post-office produced an average of 75,4451, in the year. In the year ending the 5th Jan. 1817, the same source of revenue yielded no less than 1,426,000l. Here we have much more than a decuple increase, and in a species of voluntary payment, which furnishes a striking criterion of affluence. A national debt must be considered as great or small according to the wealth of the people by whom it has been incurred, and out of which it is to be paid. A debt of one million to a poor country may be more than a debt of ten millions to a rich, as one individual may be much less dis

tressed by a debt of a thousand, than another may be by a debt of one hundred, or even only ten pounds.

FRANCE.

It is stated that the proposition made to the French government with regard to the removal of the foreign troops now in France, is, that they shall take up their quarters on the frontier for one entire year, at the expense of France, and that this is to be the sine qua non of their withdrawing.

There is a report of a new conspiracy against the French government being detected at Paris. We have some rumoured details of the affair. The plot was got up by some ultra royalists, and their design was to seize the king's ministers, and carry them off to the forest of Vincennes. This being effected-it is said, had the king refused to sign his abdication, it was the intention of the conspirators to proceed a la Paul premier which, we suppose, means to assassinate him. What they then would have done is not hinted at.

A Paris paper says-Count Chaptal will soon publish an important work, the statistics of agriculture and manufactures, which goes to prove during the revolution our progress in agriculture and industry has been as rapid as in our conquests, and that we have at least preserved all the fruits of the two former. In this manner, during thirty years of misfortunes, were formed all the means of repairing them. Our arms are idle, but our arts pursue their conquests. To them France will be indebted for her rapid prosperity, and Europe will always be their tributary.

The king of France has issued a proclamation, in which he states, that "wishing to secure by every means in our power, the abolition of the slave trade in every part of our dominions, we have ordained as follows:"

Art. 1. There shall be constantly maintained on the coast of our African Establishments, a cruising squadron of our marine, for the purpose of visiting all French vessels which shall appear within the limits of our possessions on the said coasts, and of preventing every violation of our laws and ordinance.

servations, sufficiently interesting. A remarkable circumstance in them is, that the heats are nearly equal throughout Europe, in all latitudes. At Rome, Berlin, Madrid, and Vienna, the thermometers of Reaumur have risen to the same degrees."

General Canuel, charged with being concerned in the late conspiracy, who was supposed to have left the country, has been arrested, and after several examinations, committed to the Conciergerie.

Paris, July 22. In consequence of the extreme heat which we now have, the river falls from day to day. It is already nearly a foot lower than the low water of 1719, which is quoted as a year of great drought.

M. Lemaitre, the inventor of a boat which may be enclosed in a cane, and who the last winter would have crossed the basin of the Luxembourg, if the swans had had the politeness to take him in tow, announces that he has perfected its construction, and is waiting only for mild weather to undertake a new voyage in his hydrostal.

The political and financial situation of Spain is so embarrassed, that unless it were observed on the spot, no idea could be formed of it, and any representation that could be made would fall short of the truth. I shall endeavour to give you as complete a conception of it as possible, by collecting together the detached features of the general picture.

When we heard here of the convocation of a congress of the allied governments at Aix-la-Chapelle, the king testified his desire to attend it. He received no satisfaction on this point from the cabinets to which his ambassadors communicated his intention. The cabinet of Vienna was the first which showed an opposition to this design, and England and Prussia afterwards answered to the same purport. As the opinion of the court of Russia admitted of no doubt, it was necessary to renounce this journey. The