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rewarded by contributing largely to the establishment of a correct deportment towards neutrals. We are only enabled to advert to the principal heads of the work. 1. Of the origin, the property, and the requisite documents of property in vessels. 2. Of the persons employed to navigate the ship, and the papers and contracts having relation thereto. 3. Of the contracts, in the use of vessels, and papers of lading. 4. Of the ship's disasters, and the responsibilities and papers therein.

"The index and table of contents will be found highly useful-not less so than the author's Introductory Reviews of the literature on the subject of Maritime Law."

FOREIGN.

In a communication from his friend and correspondent Dr. ALBERS, of Bremen, Dr. HosACK has recently received several highly interesting specimens of the lithographic art. Among the most successful evidences of this kind of engraving may be mentioned a map of the Prussian provinces between the Weser and the Meuse, published at the Lithographic Institution, by Arney & Co. at Dusseldorf. In a letter of the 8th of June last, to Dr. Hosack, Dr. Albers states, that the distinguished Professor Soemmering has just published" distinct treatises on two animals no longer found, viz. the Lacerta gigantea, and the Ornithorynchus brevivostris; the engravings are in stone (stone prints), which art is brought in Germany, particularly in Munich, to great perfection."

Dr. Albers has also transmitted, through the same channel, for the Literary and

Philosophical Society of New-York, the first part of his Icones ad illustrandam Anatomen comparatam.

The third volume of the Journal published by professor Kuff, at Berlin, contains, in the German language, accounts of the late operations for femoral and carotid aneurisms performed in this country by Drs. Hosack, Post, and other American practitioners.

The late number of the Salsburg Medical and Chirurgical Journal contains ample analyses, in the German language, of several of the latest American scientific productions, viz. Dr. Currie's View of the Diseases most prevalent in the United States; Hosack's and Francis' American Medical and Philosophical Register; Drake's Picture of Cincinnati; the New-York edition of Thomas' Practice of Physic, as edited by Dr. Hosack, &c.

By letters from Edinburgh so late as the 22d June, it appears that the typhus fever which not long since prevailed in several of the manufacturing towns of England and in Ireland, has made its appearance in the capital of Scotland and its environs. The mortality with which it is accompanied is unusually great. Among the victims to its influence is the excellent JOHN GORDON, M. D. F. R. S. E. familiarly known as a successful teacher of anatomical and physiological science, and as the able opponent of the craneological theories of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim. "The sensations of regret at his premature death, (says a letter to Dr. Francis) were deep and extensive, and every evidence of regard was paid his memory by the Royal, Medical and Physical Societies of his native city."

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Gloucester (Hon. Dr. H. Ryder) Chester-Lord Ellenborough's brother (Dr. H. Law)

1,200

1,000

It appears from the Lord Steward's account, laid before parliament, that the Prince Regent's eight hour's cruise off Brighton, cost 1200!!

It appears by returns from the Scotch presby teries, that there are in Scotland 3456 lunatics, including the Northern Isles and Zetland, but exclusive of 259 parishes from which no returns have been received. Of the former number 2840 are at large; 649 are confined; 622 are furious, and 2688 are fatuous; 965 are wholly maintained by relations; 731 partly, 523 wholly by parishes.

The cast iron bridge over the Irwell, from Salford to Strangeways, is so nearly complete, that the painters are employed upon it. It is of one arch only, of 120 feet span.

A short time since, a parrot, belonging to a gentleman at Corkickle, near White-haven, laid eggs; one of which, being placed under a tame pigeon, has produced a fine lively parrot.

Letters from Gibraltar, dated June 5, state, that alarming accounts had been received of the plague. It had reached Fez. Great apprehensions were entertained that it would overspread the western coast of Africa.

To the astonishment of the oldest member of parliament, the dissolution was announced riva voice by the Prince Regent, in the name and oa behalf of his majesty. This is the first oc currence of the kind since the reign of the STUARTS. It was then the course when parlia ments dissatisfied the king, and was always considered as an act of anger.

It appears from English papers, that the election has been unusually riotous. Mr. Maxwell, the ministerial candidate for Westminster, was wounded in a riot. The opposition have increased in number 35.

Sir S. Romily and Sir F. Burdett are returned from Westminster.-Hunt had only 73 votes Canning and Gascoigne are elected at Liver pool. Čanning had 1654 votes-Lord Sefton 1280. Mr. Brougham has lost his election in Westmoreland. Grattan has been grossly insulted and wounded in an electioneering squab ble in Dublin. The borough of Southwark sends two opposition members. We are told

that 500 of the electors of Coventry reside in London.

Parliament has, we are informed, granted a sum of money for erecting a chain bridge of 500 feet span, over the river Medal, at Bangor in Wales, to render the communication between this and the sister kingdom of Ireland, as complete as it is important.

James Rhodes has been tried, convicted, and fined 500 pounds sterling, for imitating tea by a preparation of the leaves of sloe, ash, elder, and other leaves. A very extensive business of this sort, as well as in the manufacture of many other articles (like money out of rags) has long been earried on in England, at the cost of, perhaps, thousands of lives.

FRANCE.

The most perfect tranquillity reigns throughout the dominions of the Bourbon monarch, and indeed over the whole continent.

The season in France and Italy, as in America, has been unusually fine, and a rich reward, in all probability, awaits the husbandman and vine dresser.

The heat in France and Ireland has been so excessive as to drive people from the streets in the middle of the day, unless employed upon the most important business.

Marshal Kellerman, duke of Valmy, aged 83 years, is about marrying a lady of 45 years.

At Caen, a child ten years old, has been condemned to twenty years imprisonment, for setting fire to two farms.

In France there have been struck since the return of Louis the 18th, 280 millions of francs bearing the image of the king.

The Cossacks very much admire the climate of France; several of them are employed in farming, and express their regret at the prospect of their leaving so fine a country, where they have experienced so much hospitality.

The arrest and imprisonment by the king of Sardinia of col. Pionothouski, supposed to have brought letters from Napoleon to his wife, has been noticed. The Democratic Press states that on a second application of the emperor of Austria to the king of Sardinia, for his release, the claim had been admitted, and it was expected that he would be liberated.

According to the Bibliographie de la France, there have been published within the year 1817 in that country, four thousand two hundred and thirty seven works; 1179 engravings; and 470 pieces of music. The first three weeks of the present year have produced 280 publications, 63 engravings, and 26 new tunes.

By the explosion of a powder mill at St. Jean d'Angely, upwards of 150 houses were dostroy ed, or rendered uninhabitable-16 persons kill ed, and 100 wounded.

It is understood in Paris that the army of occupation will evacuate the French territory in the beginning of September, and that the English troops, whose effectual strength is between 24 and 25,000 men, will embark successively in the ports of Calais and Boulogne, with their artillery, equipage, &c.

NETHERLANDS.

A gentleman of Newburyport, lately returned from Europe, took an opportunity last spring, of visiting the spot where the famous battle of Waterloo was fought in June, 1815, which terminated the great European conflict, and was succeeded by the final extinction of Bonaparte's military career. The person who VOL. III.-No. v. 48

conducted him to the spot, was the same who attended Bonaparte and his staff, as tenographical guide, on the memorable 18th of June. He informed that on the battle field (an extensive plain) was raised, the last year, an uncommonly luxuriant crop of wheat; and well it might, for it was fertilized by the blood of 80,000 soldiers, who fell in that sanguinary battle. The gentleman picked up an Eagle, such as were worn by the French infantry, and two musketballs, which are now in his possession. The sur face of the ground over the pit in which were thrown many thousands of the slain, both men and beasts, in one undistinguished mass, is sunk considerably lower than the surrounding earth, and distinctly marks the extent of this vast cemetery.

GERMANY.

By the latest dates from the continent of Erope, it appears that Austria calculates the direct German population, forming the immediate states, as equal to 28,980,000 inhabitants.Austria proposes in time of peace the army shall consist of 120,000 men, which would be at the rate of 4-10 per hundred inhabitants. In time of war she proposes 2 per 100, equal to 579,600 men: besides which, there is to be a corps de reserve of 1 per 100, which would add 289,800 -making in all, 869,400. Five pieces of cannon are to be allowed to every 1000 men, making the whole number 4,340 pieces.

A dreadful fire has destroyed the town of Creutzberg. Of 231 houses, only 11 remain. Four hundred and seventy-five families, consisting of about 200 persons, are left without an asylum, and reduced to the greatest misery.

The consumption in Vienna of 1817, was bullocks 77,963, calves 66,636, flour 77,935 quintals, rye meal 365,390 quintals, oats 150,414 bushels; butter and lard 27,172 quintals, fish 3,082 quintals, eggs 13,812,965. Wine, the produce of Austria proper, 139,500 gallons.-Wine, the produce of Hungary, 165,085 gallons; beer 271,795 gallons, fire wood 408,835 cords.

There died in Vienna in 1817, 12,732 persons, of which only eight died in consequence of the small pox. There were born 11,228 and married 2,205 couple.

The kingdom of Bavaria contains 1406 Ger mau square miles, and 3,440,000 inhabitants, The kingdom of Wurtemberg 346 1-2 square miles, and 2,386,400 inhabitants.

The kingdom of Hanover 682 square miles, 1,292,958 inhabitants.

The kingdom of Saxony 338 square miles, and 1,282,644 inhabitants.

The expenses of Madame Krudener, the celebrated German prophetess, must have amounted to 180,000 guilders [72,000 dollars] annually. This was indeed too much money for a religious comedy or tragedy. She now lives retired at Riga, in Russia, her native place; a relation of hers had to defray her expenses from Memel to Riga, her money having been expended, and her credit gone, and the Prussian government having interdicted her from preaching.

The German states afford fresh proofs of their attachment to the principles of liberty and independence. Among some recent demands ad dressed to the diet of Frankfort, are the establishment of an entire freedom of the press in Germany, and the security of commerce, not as hitherto, by the subsidiary aid of a foreign navy, but by vessels of their own, built in their ports and rivers.

RUSSIA.

In 1815 there were born in Russia, belonging to the Greek Church, 1,298,461, and died 890,988, giving an increase of 50 per cent. Of the deaths, we are informed there were of the age of 100 years 613; 105 years 209; 110 years 123; 115 years 72; 120 years 31; 125 years 13; 130 years 6; and one of 155 years The same year there were married 332,703 couple.

The Russian brig Rurie, lieut. Kotzebue, is arrived at Portsmouth, from a voyage of discoveries in the North Pacific Ocean, on which she has been employed upwards of three years. She is come into harbour to refit, preparatory to returning to Russia. She left Behring's Straits in July, 1817, having proceeded as far as lat. 67, arrived at the Cape of Good Hope the latter end of March, and left it the 12th of April.

The emperor Alexander, by a decree, has extended the facilities of communicating by water, in every part of his empire, and has laid additional duties on various articles of commerce to cover the expenses.

The grand theatre of St. Petersburgh, destroyed by fire in 1811, has been rebuilt. It was opened in February last, when the emperor Alexander was present. It is represented as a beautiful building, elegantly finished in the interior. The pit is furnished with 360 arm chairs, which are numbered according to the Russian custom. A Frenchman was the architect.

ASIA.

At a late Durbar, held by Runject Sing, at Lahore, to receive a Vakeel returned from Cashmere, with due honour, the following statement was received. What might be the revenues of the state to meet the expenses of portioning off these descendants of royalty, must be left to the chancellor of the exchequer of that kingdom; certainly no European treasury would be able to meet them.

The Vakeel from Cashmere was introduced, and presented several presents-he expressed the anxiety his sovereign felt to continue on amicable terms with the king of the Sikhs, and on being questioned respecting the resources of the kingdom of Iran, he replied, that the king had a large revenue, two hundred and fifty sons, and one thousand and eight wives.

Among the India papers lately received by the editor of the Salem Gazette, is a "Java Government Gazette," of December, 1816, print ed by A. H. Hubbard, from Norwich, (Con.) son of Mr. Hubbard, who formerly published a paper in that town. Mr. H. after one voyage to India, embarked again at this port, determin. ed to pursue fortune in that region, where, from former observation, he was confident of that success he despaired of in America; and we are happy to hear he has not been disappointed.

AFRICA.

A French paper announces, as interesting, the publication of a voyage to Africa, by the Marquis Etourville, who was led by singular circumstances into the interior of that continent during the revolution. He mentions having discovered near the sources of the Nile, a new empire, its legislation similar to that of China, and he supposes its civilization anterior to that of the Egyptians.

SPANISH AMERICA.

It is stated that the two agents of the duke de Allegon, to whom all the unceded lands in East Florida were ceded, had arrived in St. Augustine and claimed the same, and that his excellency governor Coppinger had already placed them in possession of it! They had opened a land office and intended to sell to any purchasers offering; they had also the privilege of purchasing the Indian title to the celebrated Alochaway territory, and had already taken steps to effect the same.

The city of Caraccas, before the earthquake in 1812, contained about 45,000 inhabitantsby that calamity and the subsequent and yet desolating war, its population has been reduced to 7000 souls.

The population in many other parts of Venezuela is supposed to have suffered nearly in the same proportion, and from the latter cause.

The report of a duty being laid on vessels ar riving at Havana, to support the inquisition, is denied-others say that the Ferdinandish thing exists.

The cavalry of Buenos-Ayrean troops are said to be excellent. Horses are very cheap there, the best never commanding over twenty dollars.

Admiral Brion has notified the governor of St. Thomas, that Cumana, Laguira, and all the other ports of the Main, in possession of the royalists, are in a state of blockade.

The brig Chatsworth, lately arrived at Baltimore from Lisbon, in 33 days, reports that the stating that there were seven insurgent priva day she sailed a letter was received from Cadiz, teers off that harbour, capturing every Spanish vessel they fell in with. A Portuguese ship ar rived there a day before, with 100 Portuguese and Spanish prisoners, released from them.

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UNITED STATES.

1774, is the following entry, recording one of In an old Journal of Congress, printed in the most important and interesting events of the revolution:

"Friday, June, 16, 1775.

"The President informed col. WASHINGTON,

that the congress had yesterday unanimously made choice of him to be general and commander in chief of the American forces, and reques ted he would accept of that employment; to which col. WASHINGTON, standing in his place, answered:

"Mr. President-Though I am truly sensi ment, yet, I icel great distress from a conscious ble of the high honour done me in this appoint ness, that my abilities and military experience may not be equal to the extensive and important trust: however, as the congress desire it, 1 will enter upon the momentous duty, and exert every power I possess in their service, and for support of the glorious cause. I beg they will accept my most cordial thanks for this distinguished testimony of their approbation.

"But lest some unlucky event should happes unfavourable to my reputation, I beg it may be remembered by every gentleman in the room

that I this day declare with the utmost sincerity, I do not think myself equal to the command I am honoured with.

"As to pay, sir, I beg leave to assure the congress that as no pecuniary consideration could have tempted me to accept this arduous employment, at the expense of my domestic ease and happiness, I do not wish to make any profit from it. I will keep an exact account of my expenses. Those I doubt not they will discharge, and that is all I desire."

500 families from Wales and the northern and western parts of Scotland, arrived at the

ports of Greenock and Glasgow on the 1st of May, for the purpose of emigrating to America. They were compelled to form an encampment upon the banks of the Clyde, where the novelty of the sight attracted a number of spectators.

The emigrants to America from Germany and Switzerland continue. From the 29th of April to the end of May, there passed Mentz on their way to America, 294 persons. In this number there were 261 persons from Wurtem berg, 23 from Alsaco, and 10 from Switzerland and Baden.

ART. 8. DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES.

MASSACHUSETTS.

A TYPE Foundry has recently been established at Boston, by Mr. E. White, type founder at New-York, and placed under the superintendence of Mr. D. Manley. The types are said to be equal to those of any other foundry in the United States.

We learn from Gloucester that on Thursday an attack was made on the sea-serpent with harpoons. Capt. Webber and others in a boat succeeded in hitting him twice, but owing to the thickness of his scales or coat, the harpoon did not penetrate. On one occasion the serpent ran down for the boat, and when within a short distance sunk, so near, that the draught caused by his sinking came near drawing the boat under after him.

The serpent has been harpooned by some enterprising adventurers from Boston.

The following is capt. Rich's report of his proceedings:

"Squam River, Thursday, 12 o'clock. "After several unsuccessful attempts, we have at length fastened to this strange thing called the serpent. We struck him fairly, bat the harpoon soon drawed, and he has not beca since seen; and I fear the wound he has received will make him more cautious how he approaches these shores. Since my letter of yesterday we have been constantly in pursuit of him; but a few hour since I thought we were sure of him; for I hove the harpoon into him as fairly as ever a whale was struck; he took from us about twenty fathoms of warp, before we could wind the boat, with as much swiftness as a whale could do. We had but a short ride, when we were all loose from him, to our sore mortification. Now I suppose you will like to know my opinion of him. Be assured it is what is called the serpent. In that opinion all my Cape-Ann men agree. It is the same that was in Cape-Ann harbour. Be assured that all has been done, and we shall still continue to do, all in our power; but he is a difficult thing to strike with a harpoon, as he can lay down as long as he pleases, and seldom shows himself, except in a calm."

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ordered in May last to resume their labours on the military road; but, to comply with a requisition of col. Totten, an order was afterwards issued for sending to Rouse's point such a number of men as the superintendent of the military works should require-and for the residue to be employed on the road. After sending the requisite number to Rouse's point, only one company remained, which is required as a guard for the protection of the public property at this place.

NEW-YORK.

We are informed that contracts for the whole of the northern canal have been entered into, and that on most all of the sections the work is progressing. It is added, that should the season prove favourable, one half of the whole labour will be performed ere winter sets in.

We understand that a quarry of elegant Marble, beautifully variegated, of an excellent quality, and proof against fire, has lately been discovered on the banks of the Seneca Lake. It is owned by Samuel S. Seely, Esq. of Hector.

A valuable Mineral Spring has been discovered at Maxwell, on the shore of Lake Ontario, in the town of Sodus, about 2 miles west of Sodus Point or Troupville. It was found under some logs in clearing up the east bank of Doctor Lummis' mill creek, and near the doctor's dwelling. A basin was formed for it, and a few days after the ground over which the water passed to the creek was observ ed to be of a reddish cast. On throwing into the basin of water a small quantity of powdered galls, the whole instantly exhibited a fine purple colour. The powder added to water in a glass, produced a fine inky purple, with beads around the sides of the glass, which remained a long time. The water being left standing in the glass for some time, a purple oily flake covered the surface.

These experiments indicate the water to be a Chalybeate; the medicinal qualities of which are well established. About three gallons of water are discharged from the spring in a minute: it is cold and not unpleasant to the taste.

Mr. Buffington of Portland, of whom mention was made the last season as having penetrated to the uncommon depth of 530 feet into the solid rock on the shore of lake Erie in pursuit of salt water, has this summer resumed his laborious undertaking, and perforated 100 feet further into the rock-the whole amounting to the astonishing depth of six hundred and thirty feet, or something more than thirty-eight rods. This, it is believed, is nearly 100 feet lower

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