shops, and their places of social entertainment are all within the proper sphere of her activities and influence.

(4) No teacher has a right to lower the dignity of the profession by poor scholarship or unbecoming habits, or to bring reproach upon herself or any other individual by improper word or act. It is the duty of the teacher to honor her profession with noble service, and to raise its power by doing her full share in the promotion of trustworthiness and efficiency.

(5) The teacher, like the worthy member of every profession, must constantly act upon the principle, "Love thyself last." But this does not mean that she dare not enjoy her work or find great pleasure in life. Her chief aim is to give rather than to get; but he who gives, like him who forgives, is twice blest; and the true teacher receives her greatest rewards in the honor and love of those whom she faithfully . In using her powers best for the welfare of others she finds most happiness for herself. Her great lesson for the world is that the best things come to us while we seek other things.3

serves.

Once it was suggested in a company of young men and women, who were preparing to enter the teaching profession, that they follow the example of the knights of chivalry by assuming a solemn vow of obligation, dedicating themselves, as it were, to high service in this noble calling. Accordingly they drew up for themselves the following declaration:

3. "Ethics for Teachers," The Journal of the National Education Association, November, 1922, page 364.

I hereby willingly assume the bonds and obligations that properly rest upon the teacher-the leader and the guardian of youth.

I acknowledge the gifts of mind, of hand, of heart that I have received from a benevolent Creator, and my obligation to use these endowments well.

I acknowledge my debt to the good men and women who have taught me, and my obligation to transmit their devotion to others.

I acknowledge the benefits which I enjoy because of the co-operative generosity of my fellow-teachers, and my duty to regard their rights and their welfare.

I promise to seek knowledge-knowledge of the truth-not for the vainglory of mere knowing, but for the power of freedom in benevolent service.

I acknowledge the obligation that rests upon the teacher to make his life a light, especially to those in darkness, and to cherish the example of the Great Teacher, who came that men might have life, and have it more abundantly.

I promise sympathy and sincerity to childhood; courtesy and respect to womanhood; frankness and justice to manhood; my best for the present age, and an effort toward something better for the ages to come.

As a member of this association, I promise to speak truthfully, to deal fairly, to judge charitably, and to discharge all proper trusts with honor.

As a member of the great profession, of which. this body is a part, I promise to use my powers not for antagonism, where opinions may differ, but rather for co-operation toward the great common goals of human effort and human welfare.

The spirit and the principles of these optimistic young teachers are commended to the earnest thought of all good citizens. A sense of responsibility, generosity towards colaborers, the exaltation of fact above opinion, and a courageous hope in the future are keynotes in success and happiness, personal and social.

CHAPTER VII

THE CARDINAL VICES

"When you break a law you only destroy your own protection."-The Beacon.

"Vicious actions are not hurtful because they are forbidden, but forbidden because they are hurtful.” -Benjamin Franklin.

To build houses and bridges, rubbish and obstructions must be cleared away. Sometimes old structures must be torn down. So it is in the building of character.

The things that are most in the way of good character are passions and vices. A passion, literally, is a suffering; a vice is a defect or a blemish; but this distinction is not always maintained. As a rule, however, vice is the more active and positive. It is actual misconduct or immoral habit. Passions are not necessarily bad, but they are always dangerous. Passion is often the foundation or the beginning of vice.

For example, if one often falls victim to the passion of anger, it is very easy for him to form the habit of profane swearing. If one suffers from the passions of lust he is in danger of being led into the attendant vices of sexual immorality. Tarpeia was a traitor inside who opened the gates to Rome's enemies. Passion is often a treacherous weakness that opens the gates of life to destroying vices. To indulge passion is not safe.

Vice, in the narrower sense, means immoral habits of self-indulgence; for example, intemperance in the use of liquor and improper conduct in sex relations. In the broader sense it means wrong conduct in general; for example, dishonesty, envy, cruelty, or untruthfulness.

Although a monster of "frightful mien," disreputable and loathsome, vice in the narrower sense of the term must be faced. Because of its very hideousness it must be reckoned with-not to be endured or pitied, but to be cleansed and cured.

For the eradication of vice, nothing is so effective as the cultivation of certain virtues-purity and temperance. When virtue becomes habit vice disappears.

Temperance is necessary to health, wealth, and happiness; and nothing is more fundamental in personal success and social well-being than a careful observance of the proprieties by both sexes. Flirting with folly is courting death. Men and women should treat one another with straightforward cor- · diality, yet always with courtesy and respect. Each should recognize the other as a guardian of life and happiness, bound by duties and crowned with rights. Each should continually seek the approval and sympathetic interest of the other, but all association should be of a sane, considerate, and wholesome sort. No sensible woman will be a prude, yet she will always insist upon the respect and protection that are properly her due. No honorable man will be ashamed of his red blood, yet he must always be