124. Read, and speak, it. such a just and impressive manner, as will instruct, interest and affect your hearers, and reproduce in them all those ideas and emotions, which you wish to convey. Remember, that theory-one in fifty of those taught in the usual is one thing, and practice-another; and that there is a great difference, between knowing how a sentence should be read or spoken, and the ability to read or speak it: theory is the result of thought; practice-of actual experience.

Honor was the virtue of the pagan; but christianity—teaches a more enlarged and nobler code; calling into activity-all the best feelings of our nature,-illuminat and make a sound through the nose, resembling the plaintive low-ing our path, through this world, with deeds Eg of an ox, with its mouth closed; or, a wailing sound through Far nose. 2. This is called a nasal sound, because it is inade through the nose; and not because it does not pass through it, as masy imagine: which may become evident, by producing the sound when the nose is held between the thumb and forefinger. 3.

5. Alms

129. Distinctness of articulation demands Proverbs. 1. It is not the burthen, but the special attention, and requires that you should over-burthen, that kills the beast. 2. The death pronounce the vocal letters, as well as every of youth is a shipwreck. 3. There is no dis utword, audibly an correctly, giving to each ing of tastes, appetites, and fancies. 4. When the its appropriate force and quantity. Unless fox preaches, let the geese beware. these principles are perfectly understood, giving-never made a man poor; nor robberyyour future acquirements will be more or rich; nor prosperity-wise. 6. A lie, begets a lie, till they come to generations. 7. Anger-is often less faulty: for, in proportion as one is ignorant of what ought to be felt, thought, and more hurtful than the injury that caused it. 8. Better late ripe, and bear, than blossom, and blast. done, will he be liable to err. 9. Experience-is the mother of science. 10. He

130. N has two sounds; first its name that will not be counselled, can not be helped.

sound: NINE; the land-man's nin-ny, neg-li-gent of the huntsman's en-chant-ments, con-tami-nates the no-ble-man's nine

11. Expose one's evils, and he will either forsake them, or hate you for the exposure. 12. Do not hurry a free horse. 13. Every thing would live.

Gradations. The dawn, the deep light, the sun-rise, and the blaze of day! what softness and gentleness! all is graduated, and yet, all is decisive. Again, observe how winter-passes into spring,-each

pins with his an-ti-no-mi-an non- [N in NINE.] sense: Na-hant, and Flan-ni-gan, joint-tenants of nine-ty-nine Man-i-kins, u-nan-imous-ly en-chain with win-ning tones, the be-nig-nant du-en-na, while they are con-ver-weakened by the struggle; then, steals on ed to nom-i-nate con-di-ments for the so-cin1-an con-ven-tion of the non-res-i-dents; he

the summer, which is followed by the maturity of autumn. Look also at the gradations and commingling of infancy, childhood, series! and all this may be seen-in the youth, manhood and age: how beautiful the successive developments of the human mind:

knows his nose; I know he knows his nose : he said I knew he knows his nose: and if he says he knows I know he knows his nose, of course, he knows I know he knows his-there is first sense, then fancy, imagina

nose.

tion and reason,-each of which-is the 131. Some public speakers, in other re- ground, or continent, of all that succeed: spects inferior, from the ease, grace, dignity sense-is the rude germ, or crust of the and power of their delivery, are followed and fancy, which is the full-fledged bird, freed applauded; while others, however sound in and soaring aloft, unrestrained, in the luxu from its confinement and limited notices, matter, and finished in language, on account ries of its new being; then, succeeds imagi of their deficiency of manner, are passed by nation, a well regulated fancy, that emulates almost unnoticed. All experience teaches us the work of reason, while it borrows the the great importance of manner, as a means hues of its immediate parent: and reason of inculcating truth, and persuading others—is the full and perfect development of all to embrace it. Lord Bacon says, it is as necessary for a public speaker, as decorum for a gentleman.

Notes. 1. This vocal nasal sound is made, by pressing the Longue against the roof of the mouth, and thus preventing the sound from passing through the mouth, and emitting all of it through the nose: see engraving. 2. In comparing sounds, be guided solely by the ear; beware of going by sight in the science of accoustics. 3. Remember, when there is a change in the position of the organs,

there is a corresponding change in the sounds. 4. In words where I and n precede ch, the sound of t intervenes in the pronunciation:

filch, blanch, wench, inch, bench, &c. 5. Beware of omissions and additions; Boston notion, not Boston ocean. Regain either,

that sense originally contain'd, fancy-decorated, and imagination-designed-in a thousand forms: thus reason-combines the whole, and from the whole, thro' the light of the Supreme Mind, deduces her conclusions: thus, shall the gradations, or series of developments, continue in the good, and the true to all eternity!

Varieties. 1. How many years intervened-between the discovery of the mariner's compass, in 1302, and the discovery of America? 2. The covetous man-is as much deprived of what he has, as of what he has not; for he enjoys neither. 3. Ah! who can tell, how hard it is to climb the steep, where Fame's proud temple shines afar, checked by the scoff of Pride, by Envy's frown, and Poverty's unconquerable bar! 4. A man of cultivated mind, can converse with a picture, and find an agree able companion in a statue. 5. Little mentriumph over the errors of great ones, as an owl-rejoices at an eclipse of the sun. 5. The eternal and natural worlds are so united, as to make but one; like the soul and the body. 7. What is the difference between good sense, and wit?

A villain, when he most seems kind,
Is most to be suspected.

3. He that

132. Be perfectly distinct in your articu- Proverbs. 1. A miss, is as good as a mile. fation, or you cannot become an easy, grace-2. A man is a lion in his own cause ful, effective and natural elocutionist; there has too many irons in the fire, will find that some fore, practice on the vowels and consonants, of them will be apt to burn. 4. It is not an art to as here recommended, separately and com- play; but it is a very good art to leave off play bined. If your utterance is rapid, and indis-5. Beyond the truth, there is nothing but error; tinct, your reading and speaking, will not be listened to with much pleasure, or profit. A hint-to those who would be wise, is sufficient.

133. The second sound of N, is that of Ng, before hard g, and often before hard c, k and q under the accent. BANK; con-gress conquers the strang-ling don-key,

and beyond error, there is madness. 6. He, who deals with a blockhead, has need of much brains. 7. The burnt child dreads the fire. 8. When one will not, two cannot quarrel. 9. Words from the mouth, die in the ears; but words from the heart -stay there. 11. Young folks-think old folks fools; but old folks know that young ones are. 11. First know what is to be done, then do it. 12. The tongue, without the heart, speaks an unknown tongue. 13. Remember the reckoning. and sanc-tions the lank con-clave IN in BANK.) The three essentials-of every exist in punc-til-ious con-course: the san-guine ence are an inmost, a middle and an outmost: un-cle, anxious to ling-er much long-eri. e. an end, a cause, and an effect: the end among the tink-ling in-gots, jin-gles his rin-is the inmost, the cause is the middle, and kled fin-ger over the lin-guist's an-gu-lar

shrunk shanks.

134. The common mode of teaching elocution is considered the true one, because it has been so long admitted and practiced the old have become familiar with it, and follow it from habit, as their predecessors did; and the rising generation receive it on trust: thus, they pass on, striving to keep each other in countenance: hence it is, that most of our bad habits, in this important art, are born in the primary school, brought up in the academy, and graduated in the college; if we proceed so far in our education. Is not an entire revolution necessary.

the effect the outmost, or ultimate. Ex. Man is one existence, and yet consists of a soul, or inmost principle, a body, or middle principle, and an activity, or ultimate principle. In his soul are ends, or motives to action; in his body are causes, or ways and means of action; and in his life are effects, or actions themselves: if either were wanting, he could not be a man: for, take away his soul, and his body would die for want of a first principle to live from; take away his body, and his soul could not act in the natural world, for want of a suitably organized instrument; take away his life, or the activity of his body from his soul, and both soul and body would cease to exist for lack of exercise. In other words, MAN consists 135. Irregulars. Ng have generally this of will, or inmost; understanding, or intersound. In cultivating and strength-en-ing mediate; and activity, or ultimate. It is the un-der-stand-ing, by stud-y-ing, read-ing, evident, that without willing, his underwri-ting, cy-pher-ing, and speak-ing, I am standing would never think, and devise think-ing of con-tend-ing for go-ing to sing-means of acting; and without understanding meet-ing; in re-lin-quish-ing your stand-ing, his will could not effect its purpose; ing in the crisp-ing fry-ing pan, by jump-ing and without action-that willing and undero-ver the wind-ing rail-ing, you may be sail- standing would be of no use. ing on the boil-ing o-cean, where the limp-ing Varieties. 1. The thief-is sorry he is her-rings are skip-ping, and danc-ing, around to be punished, but not that he is a thief. some-thing that is laugh-ing and cry-ing, 2. Some-are atheists-only in fair weather. steep-ing and wa-king, lov-ing and smi-ling. 3. Is the casket-more valuable than the jewel it contains? 4. Indolence is a stream that flows slowly on; yet it undermines every virtue.

Notes. 1. This masal diphthongal vocal consonant sound, may be made by drawing the tongue back, closing the passage from the throat into the mouth, and directing the sound through the nose; as in giving the name sound of N; it can be distinctly perceived by prolonging, or singing the ng sound in the word sing. 2 If the accent be on the syllable beginning with g and chard, and a, and 9, the n may take its name sound; as, con-grat-u-late, ervour, con-clude, &c. 3. The three sounds of m and n, are the conânuous: the 1st, 3d, and 4th of e; the 2nd of f, the third of 8, l, m, n, r, &c. are examples; others are abrupt or discrete; as, b, d, p, k, l, &c.: so we have continuous sounds, (the long ones,)

niy nasal ones in our language. 4. Some consonant sounds are

and abrupt or discrete ones, (the short.)

Anecdote. Equality. When Lycurgus, king of Sparta, was to reform and change the government, one advised him, that it ould be reduced to an absolute popular equality: "Sir," said the lawgiver," begin it in your own house first.

Love-reckons hours--for months,-and days-for years;
And every little absence-is an age.

5. All outward existence-is

only the shadow of that, which is truly real;
because its very correspondence. 6. Should
we act from policy, or from principle? 7.
The prayer of the memory is a reflected light,
like that of the moon; that of the under-
standing alone, is as the light of the sun in
winter; but that of the heart, like the light
and heat united, as in spring or summer;
and so also, is all discourse from them, and
all worship.

THE FLIGHT OF YEARS.
Gone! gone forever!-Like a rushing wave
Another year-has burst upon the shore
Of earthly being-and its last low tones,
Wandering in broken accents on the air,
Are dying to an echo.

PRINCIPLES OF ELOCUTION.

136. In ancient Rome, an orator's education began in infancy; so should it be now; the seeds of eloquence may be sown, when the child is on the maternal bosom; the voice should be developed with the mind. If the child has good examples set him, in reading and speaking, and the youth is attentive to his every day language, and is careful to improve his mind and voice together, he will become a good elocutionist, without scarcely knowing it. Connection and associationhave as much to do with our manner of speaking, as with our cast of thinking.

137. P has but one sound: PAP; pale, par, pall, pap; peep, pet; pipe, pip; pope, pool, pop;

pule, pup, puss; point, pound;

Proverbs. 1. He, who thinks he knows the comes, and make the best of it. 3. Three removes most, knows the least. 2. Take every thing as it are as bad as a fire. 4. Tread on a worm, and he will turn. 5. Two things we should never be angry at,-what we can, and what we cannot hap. 6. When the bow is too much bent, it breaks. 7. A wise man-is a great wonder, 8 A wicked man-is his own hell; and his evil lusts Blushing-is virtue's color. 10. Evil communi and passion the fiends that torment him. certain, but the pain is sure. 12. Never court, cations corrupt good manners. 11. Gain-is ununless you intend to marry.

Amusements. Ever since the fall, mankind have been prone to extremes; not only the religious, but the irreligious porpeo-ple put pep-per in pep-pertion of the world. It is greatly to be regretted, that we are all so much at the mercy box-es, ap-ple-pies in cupboards, and whap-bing pap-poo-ses in [P in PAP.] of passion and prejudice, and so little-under the guiding influence of reason and inpers; the hap-py pi-per placed his peer-less Being-has manifested infinite love and inwraptelligence. pup-py in Pom-pey's slop-shop, to be pur-finite wisdom: for we are made in "HIS In our creation, the Divine chased for a peck of pap-py pip-pins, or a pound of pul-ver-iz-ed pop-pies; a paddy still retain, but the latter, sad to relate, we IMAGE and LIKENESS; 97 picked a peck of pick-led pep-pers, and put have lost. The will, or voluntary principle the former, we them on a broad brimed pew-ter plat-ter. and the understanding, or reasoning facul of the mind, constitutes our impelling power, ties, under the light of truth, is our governing power: if, therefore, we find ourselves loving what is not good and true, our rationality, enlightened by wisdom, must be ever amusements-tend to fit us for our va our guide. Hence, our rule is this; whatrious duties, and give us zest in faithfully performing them, are perfectly proper; but, amusements, whose tendency is the reverse of this, are entirely improper; and we should them, however they may be approved by not hesitate a moment in abstaining from others, or sanctioned by long usage: we must never compromise the interests of eternity for those transitory enjoyments of time and sense, which are at variance with the principles of truth and goodness. Both worlds are best taken care of, when they are cared for together, and each has its attention, according to its importance.

138. MUSCLE BRFAKERS. Peter Prickle Prandle picked three pecks of prickly pears, from three prickly prangly pear trees: if then, Peter Prickle Prandle, picked three pecks of prickly pears from three prickly prangly pear trees; where are the three pecks of prickly pears, that Peter Prickle Prandle picked, from the three prickly prangly pear trees? Success to the successful prickly prangly pear picker.

Notes. 1. To give this aspirate labial, whisper the word pugh, (u short,) or pop out the candle; see the engraving: it is all of the word up, except the u: but the sound is not finished till the lips are separated, or the remaining breath exhaled: remember the remarks in reference to other abrupt elements. 2. The principal difference between b and p is, that b is a vocal, and p, only

a

breath sound. P, H, T, are called, by some, sharp mutes; and B, G, D, flat mutes 3. Germans find it difficult to pronounce cer tain vocal consonants at the ends of words, tho' correctly at the beginning: hence, instead of saying dog, mad, pod, &c. they say, at first, dok, mat, pot, &c. 4. In pronouncing m, and t together, p is very apt to intervene; as in Pam-ton &c. 5. P is silent in psal-ter, pshaw, pneu-mat-ics, Ptol-e-my, Psy-che, rasp-ber-ry, (3d a,) corps

ism, etc.

to long,) re-ceipt, etc. 6. Not delths, but depths; not clab-board, who eat and drink, to live. 2. The perfec Varieties. 1. There are some, who live but clap-board; not Ja-cop, but Ja-cob; not bal-tism, but baption of art is-to conceal the art: i. e. to be -to eat and drink; and there are others. Anecdote. A Check. Soon after the attle of Leipsic, a wit observed," Bona[art must now be in funds; for he has received a check on the bank of the Elbe."

Hidden, and deep, and never dry,
Or flowing, or at rest,

A living spring of love-doth lie

In every human breast.

All else-may fail, th't soothes the heart,

All. save that fount alone;

With that, and life, we never part;

For life, and love—are one.

the thing, instead of its representative. 3. Let every one sweep the snow from his own door, and not trouble himself about the frost on his neighbor's tiles. 4. Golilco, the great astronomer, was imprisoned for life, because he declared that Venus-shone with a borrowed light, and from the sun, as the centre of our system. 5. There are abuses-in all human governments. 6. He, whose virtues, exceed his talents, is the good man; but he, whose talents exceed his virtues, is the bod man. 7. All we perceive, understand, will, love, and practice, is our own; but nothing else.

Suspicion-always haunts the graïty mind;
The thief-still fears each bish-an officer.

139. Written language consists of letters, and, consequently, is more durable than spoken language, which is composed of articulate sounds. Our written alphabet contains twenty-six letters, which make syllables and words; words make sentences; sentences paragraphs, which make sections and chapters; these constitute an essay, discourse, address, oration, poem, dissertation, tract or book: but our vocal alphabet has forty-four letters, or sounds, which make up the whole of spoken language.

Proverbs. 1. He that is ill to himself, will be good to nobody. 2. The remedy—is worse than the disease. 3. Who is so deaf, as he that will not hear? 4. All vice infatuates and corrupts the judgment. 5. A fool, may, by chance, put something into a wise man's head. 6. After praying to God, not to lead you into temptation, do not throw yourself into it. 7. Evil gotten, evil spent. knows many things, is the wise man. 9. He— 8. He, that knows useful things, and not he that preaches well, that lives well. 10. It is always term time in the court of conscience. 11. We may be ashamed of our pride, but not proud of our

140. R has two sounds; first, its name shame. 12. Historical faith-precedes saving

faith. 13. Stolen waters are sweet.

sound; ARM; the bar-bers were, in former years, the ar-bi-ters of The True Christian Character. The the mur-der-ers of their fore-fathree essentials of a christian-are-a good thers. the Tar-tars are gar-blers will-flowing through a true understanding, of hard-ware and per-ver-ters of into a uniform life of justice and judgment. the errors of North-ern-ers and [R in ARM.] It is not enough, that we mean well, or South-ern-ers; the far-mers are dire search-intention is powerless, without truth to know our duty, or try to do right; for good

guide it aright; and truth-in the intellect alone, is mere winter-light, without the summer-heat of love to God-and love to man; and blundering efforts to do our duty are poor apologies for virtuous ener

ers after burnt ar-bors, and store the corners of their lar-ders with di-vers sorts of quar-ter dol-lars; Charles Bur-ser goes to the far-ther barn, and gets lar-ger ears of hard corn, for the car-ter's hor-ses. 141. Dr. Franklin says, (of the justly cel-gies, well directed and efficiently applied: ebrated Whitfield,) that it would have been fortunate for his reputation, if he had left no written works behind him; his talents would hen have been estimated by their effects: indeed, his elocution was almost faultless. But whence did he derive his effective manner? We are informed, that he took lessons of Garrick, an eminent tragedian of England, who was a great master in Nature's school of teaching and practicing this useful

art.

Notes. 1. To make this smooth vocal sound, pronounce the word arm, and dwell on the r sound; and you will perceive that the tongue is turned gently to the roof of the mouth, and at the same time drawn back a little. 2. Avoid omitting this letter, as at never is silent, except it is doubled in the same syllable; not staw-my, but stor-my; not lib-ah-ty, but lib-er-ty; not bust. but

the three alone-cah constitute us true christians; i. e. our will, understanding and life, cient unity, in order that we may be entitled must be brought into harmonious and effito this high and holy appellation. Things must not only be thought of, and desired, purposed, and intended; but they must be done, from love to the Lord; that He, as a principle of goodness, and a principle of truth-may be flowing, constantly, from the centre-to the circumference of actions. we must practice what we know of the truth; we must live the life of our heavenly Fa ther's commandments; so as to have his goodness and truth implanted in us, nat we may strive to walk before Him, and become perfect.

more influence than knowledge? 3. A pretty shepherd, indeed, a wolf would make! 4. At some taverns-madness-is sold by the glass; at others, by the bottle. 5. Sobriety, without sullenness, and mirth wita modesty, are commendable. 6. Even an or dinary composition, well delivered, is better received, and of course does more god, than a superior one, badly delivered. 7 Where order-cannot enter, it cannot exist.

Varieties. 1. A certain apothecary-has burst; not waw-um, but warm; not ah-gu-ment, but ar-gu-nent; over his door, this sign-" All kinds of dynot hosses, but hor-ses; not hand stawm, but hard storm; etc. 3. Re-ing stuff sold here." 2. Does wealth-exert member that short e and i before r, in the same syllable, when ac cented, sound like short u, unless followed by another r, as mercy, (mmer-it,) ser-geant, (ser-rate,) ter-ma-gant, (ter-ror,) mirth-ful, (mir-ror,) ver-ses, (ver-y) (here the r is re-echoed ;) and spirits, &c.: the exceptions are in parentheses: see p. 22d. 4. Some words, (where e, i, and r, are peculiarly situated, as above,) have, in their pronunciation, a reverberation, or repetition of the r, although there may be but one in the word; as-ver-y; being followed by Anecdote. Who Rules? A schoolmaster, in ancient Rome, declared, that he ruled the world. He was asked to explain: which he did in the following manner. "Rome rules the world; the women rule those who govern Rome; the children control their mohers, and I rule the children."

So we grew together,
Like to a double cherry, seeming-parted;
But yet a union-in partition,
Troo lowly berries,-moulded on one stern:
80, with two seeming bodies, but one heart:
Too-of the first, like coats, in heraldry,
Due but to one, and crowned-with one crest.

a

What is beauty? Not the show
Of shapely limbs, and features. No:
These are but flowers,

That have their dated hours,

To breathe their momentary sweets, then go;
'Tis the stainless soul-within-
That outshines—the fairest skin.

Appearances-deceive ;

And this one maxim-is a standing rule,

Men are not-what they scem.