Scipio himself."-(Risposta del P. F. Filippo Anfossi Domenicano alle lettere del signor dela Plat, &c. tom. i. p. 185. Rome, 1805.

He found, however, few partisans of his courtly doctrines among the Bishops of Tuscany, and several erroneous propositions extracted from the acts of the Synod were condemned by Pius VI. in the Bull Auctorem fidei. †

In the second volume, Mr. Whiteside leads us to Rome; of the routes to that capital he gives a good description. In Rome, of course, Mr. Whiteside's mistakes accumulate and multiply; indeed, time would fail us to enumerate or correct them all; we can only hurriedly run over a few of the remarkable ones.

A great portion of the volume is taken up with descriptions of the antiquities of Rome; a task which Mr. Whiteside seems to have learned out of Canina, and translated for the benefit of his readers. We say from Canina, because he seems hardly acquainted with other authorities on the subject. Thus, speaking of the Forum, he lays down its exact position and extent with as much ease as though he were speaking of Trafalgar Square; with hardly a word of reference to the different theories of Bunsen, Nibby, Niebuhr, Nardonius, Donati, &c. He does not seem to be aware of the identity of the pillar which he calls "that known as the column of Phocas, 245, with Byron's "nameless pillar with a buried base.' Neither does he mention the opinion that the remains commonly called the Baths of Livia, (vol. ii. p. 242,)

* Padre Sopranzi, the great defender of the bishops and synod of Pistoja, allows, "If we observe the body of pastors, it was never of his party of the bishops of the grand duke, subject to the same prince, there were only four or five, when the court protected and favoured him, and these, too, when circumstances deserted him, at least in part."

See his life by his great advocate, De Potter, (Paris, 1826,) and an excellent article in the Biographie Universelle, (Paris, 1824.) He adopted the errors of the Jansenists, and advocated the attacks made on religion by the Constitutional Assembly in France, in 1795. By his misconduct he caused two insurrections at Prato ; and thrown into prison by the Florentines, for having abetted the French in the invasion of their country in 1799, he was delivered by his zealous opponent, the Archbishop of Florence. He finally surrendered his diocese; and, after many tergiversations, signed an ample retraction of his errors, and died in 1810.

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formed part of the golden house of Nero. See Donovan. He speaks of seeing from the villa of Monte Dragone, (not Mondragone), the heights of Monte Algido, covered with woods, and Monte Porcia, (Monte Porzio), with the lake Regillus in the distance." Lake Regillus he did not see, for the reason alleged by the governor of Tilbury fort in the critic; "because it is not in sight." The lake is all but dry, and its supposed site, (although much disputed,) is a hollow lying beneath the terrace of Monte Dragone, between it and Monte Porzio.*

Mr. Whiteside professes to have no great taste for the fine arts; we may therefore spare ourselves the labour of wading through his criticisms, of which the reader may form an adequate idea from his proposing to judge of the three great styles of architecture, by comparing St. Peter's, the Pantheon, and Sa. Maria sopra Minerva-the most glorious church in the world of one style, with a fragment of a Roman building, and one of the most imperfect specimens of gothic architecture in Italy.

In Sa. Maria degli Angeli, too, he overlooks the exquisite statue of St. Bruno, of which it was said that it would speak were it not against the rule of his order. That in visiting the Coliseum he should think of the Roman shows there exhibited, and never of the humble Christians who there died-of Titus, or of Domitian, but not of St. Ignatius, or of St. Clement-is no more to be wondered at than that in the Mamertine he should see only the shade of Cataline or Jugurtha, not the mild forms of SS. Peter and Paul. His book contains hardly one word on the catacombs, those memorials so dear to the Christian, who feels himself linked in the bond of faith to those who there lived, and whose ashes there await a blessed resurrection.

We cannot say that his estimate of modern Rome and its inhabitants shows more enlarged views; it is too much marked by the cockneyism which measures everything by

*Arnold places it somewhat nearer Colonna than Donovan. He says: "The lake of Regillus is now a small and weedy pool, surrounded by crater-like banks, and with much lava or basalt about it, situated at some height above the plain, on the right hand of the road as you descend from the high ground under Colonna Labicum, to the ordinary level of the campagna in going to Rome." -Arnold, vol. i. p. 119.

its own foot-rule. The following is a description of a night walk in Rome :

"No pathway, no lights,-no police,-inconsiderable drawbacks from comfort, some may say, especially those who have enjoyed the luxury of sauntering after dark through the streets of Lisbon. In Rome, if you keep to the Corso, and one or two other places of resort, you have the light from shops, cafés, and a few glimmering lamps to cheer your way. Turn aside, and in a few seconds you are plunged in Cimmerian darkness. Proceed in your walk towards the Lateran, you may quickly exclaim; Oh, solitude, where are thy charms!' An occasional passenger to be avoided, may cross your path and excite your courage. The stout young Englishmen wisely walk in the centre of the street buttoned up lightly, and provided with a stick to be depended upon."-Vol. ii. p. 61.

Now, during the winter of 1847, the only case of stabbing, we believe, which occurred in Rome, was that of a thief, who was stabbed by the man he had attempted to rob, in the Via Frattina in the centre of the English quarter, as it is called, and within one hundred yards of the Corso. Since, however, Mr. Whiteside's friends, the ultras, have obtained sway in Rome, and the Pope has been driven out, things are changed; murders are common; and our friends inform us, that going to a dinner party on foot is a service of danger.

We have repeatedly walked through every part of the city at night, from the Lungara in Trastevere and the remote Via Givlia, and never met a robber. The streets of Rome may not boast the bright gas lights of those of London, but neither are they disgraced by the flaming display of vice which pollutes the public ways of this great capital.

From the night we pass to the day, and the first discovery which Mr. Whiteside makes is, that Italian schoolboys never laugh, (vol. 2. p. 84.) We can answer for many a hearty laugh with Italian scholars, especially the merry little Clementini. It is true they do not play at cricket or leap-frog, as English lads do: the climate affords little temptation for such exercises, capopoi de puseis βροτων, διαφοροι δε τροποι. A walk to the Gesà, and a sudden leap from that to the Noviciate at St. Andrews, leads Mr. Whiteside into mistakes "as thick as leaves in Vallombrosa's shade :" amongst which is that of attri

We recommend Mr. W. to turn to Johnson's dictionary,

buting the Censorship in Rome to the Jesuits. Some of the fathers, as Mr. Glover, were Censors for particular branches, but the licenser of books is the master of the Sacred Palace, who is always a Dominican. There are also, we are glad to say, some English students in the Propaganda, and several Irishmen. Mr. Whiteside mentions, with some circumstances added for poetic effect, the interesting history of Father Rillo: we may briefly add its termination. Father Rillo, together with the ecclesiastic (a Maltese) who had been ordained Bishop, and some others, penetrated into the interior of Africa: there Rillo died of fever caught in attending the sick, but not before he had succeeded in founding the mission, and at present the missionaries have obtained permission to erect a church in the supposed ruins of the capital of the Queen of Sheba. He mentions, in page 195, the curious story of the student in the Propaganda, who succeeded, by forgery, in having himself ordained Bishop. This anecdote is founded on fact, although some of the circumstances mentioned are incorrect, as that the impostor had reached Egypt ere the deceit was discovered. It is a curious fact for the psychologist, that this man, whose ingenuity in executing his plan of imposture was most extraordinary, was one of the dullest students in the College.*

It was of course to be expected that Mr. Whiteside's book would contain many attacks on the Catholic Church; nor should we have thought of noticing them, were they given merely as his individual inferences: but he seems to think that in these days, when the pillars of the Protestant church in England are shaken by Puseyism and Dissent, he is destined to be the mighty champion to overthrow the church of Rome even in its stronghold, and crush those who in the church of England have ventured to exercise their right of private judgment by leaving her.

It were long to go through each detail of his many accusations against the church of his forefathers, and we can only glance hastily at a few of the most prominent.

and he will find that novice, not noviciate, is one preparing to enter a religious order. This is no false print, for the word is repeated again and again.

Our authority for this story was the Rector of the Irish college, now Pro Rector of the Propaganda, where he was a student at the time of the occurrence.

As, however, we may be at issue with Mr. Whiteside on more than one matter of fact, it may be as well to enumerate the authorities on which he relies; we have been at considerable pains to collect them, and we find them to be chiefly, an Italian whom he met at an Inn at Trent, and who told him that the Tyrolese constitution was a farce, &c., (vol. 1, p. 33): a priest whom he met at Florence, who certainly gave him some valuable information, as that the custom of perpetually ringing the church bells ought to be abolished, and that the forms in the church are too numerous; he also kindly informed him that the monks are all very ignorant and useless, except the order of Franciscans, (p. 98): a Swiss engineer, (p. 141): a clever physician, who told him that the German Roman Catholics differed more widely from each other than from the Protestants: tradesmen in Rome, (vol. 3, p. 271,) who gave it as their opinion that the priests ought to be allowed to marry. When, however, the authority might appear suspicious, or the "fact" is particularly strong, Mr. Whiteside always volunteers the additional information, that the informant was as "devout a Catholic as any within the walls of Rome." These, with a copious allowance of "on dits" and "it is believed," and "many think," form the great mass of his facts, and will enable the reader to judge of the value of his assertion, that "The disclosures which I have made relative to the administration of justice, the church, religion, and morals, are given on authorities not capable of exaggeration or falsehood."-pref.

Two ideas seem to be uppermost in Mr. Whiteside's mind with regard to the Catholic church. First, that it cannot lay claim to the attribute of Unity, as it differs not only in practices, but in doctrine in different places. Secondly, that it is an enemy to education and the development of intellect. His argument to prove the first is as follows:

"All the Roman Catholic states, which reject some and maintain some of the doctrines, ceremonies, and institutions, taught, practised, and upheld at Rome, are verging to Protestantism, because they reason on these matters, and decide according to their own judgment, regardless of the wish and the authority of the Pope."

Now, if this is intended to mean that the United Greek