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1 Includes all arrivals as reported by express and rail terminals, and truck receipts as
reported by wholesale dealers including smokers.

2/ Data for individual cities are as of the last Thursday of the month, except those for
Boston which are for the last Wednesday of the month. Data on United States holdings
by various species and by geographical areas are as of the first of the month.
Note:-Data for the latest month are subject to revision.

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NI

1.6

FISHERY MARKET NEWS

JULY 1944

CONTENTS

SOCIAL SECURITY PROTECTION FOR FISHERMEN, by Arthur J. Altmeyer

THE FISHERIES OF THE WORLD, by Arthur M. Sandberg

Division of Fishery Industries renamed Div ion of Commercial Fisheries ....
Division of Fish Culture changed to Division of Game Fish and Hatcheries
End of 1944 halibut season in Areas 1 and 2 announced

New fishery leaflets

FEDERAL ORDERS, PURCHASES, AND REGULATIONS:

Food and Drug Administration--Charges for canned oyster inspection raised
Canned shrimp inspection charges raised ......

Definitions and standards promulgated cover canned shrimp.

OCF--Prospects for Alaska herring season favorable

Pacific halibut allocation begun June 23

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Predicts large tuna pack

Acts to increase vitamins A and D production

OPA--Rubber boot certificates good indefinitely

Establishes rules for cooperatives

Revises halibut price differentials in Amdt. 31 to MPR-418
Amdt. 32 to MPR-418 effective June 17

And t. 33 to MPR-418 effective June 26

MPR-418 prices adjusted in Pacific Coast region

Retail fresh fish and crab prices established for western area
Distribution of canned fish placed under new regulation

Increases in canned shrimp prices announced

Increases canned razor clam prices

Virgin Islands processed fish prices revised

Regional order sets prices on fish livers and viscera

Vitamin advisory committee formed

WFA--Government reserves more canned fish in Amdt. 3 to WFO-44
1944 pack of salted fish allocated

Domestic salted, smoked, and pickled herring offers requested
Applications to accept delivery of fish oil approved
Canned sardines lead items purchased in May

WMC--Outlines manpower recruitment plan

WPB--Lumber control established

Rope situation still critical

No increase in supply of metal containers

SECTIONAL MARKETING REVIEWS

Fisheries of New Jersey

Fisheries of Washington and Oregon

Contents continued on page 52

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ISSUED BY THE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

WASHINGTON

Natural Bory

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Applications for FISHERY MARKET NEWS, which is mailed free to members of the fishery industry and allied interests, should be addressed to the Director, Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D. C.

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The public, in general, gives little thought to the fisherman's hard life save, perhaps, when the picture of an ice-covered schooner, limping to port after a tussle with a winter storm gets into press. Then it thinks of tragedy brought to the fisherman's door. But as a matter of fact, with fishermen it is as with other workers; most frequently disaster comes not in the wake of accidental but of natural death; or else it comes when the breadwinner, arriving at old age, is no longer able to earn a livelihood for his family.

Time was when the fisherman's family had to meet such a situation as best they could with their own small, and in most cases wholly inadequate resources. Today it is no longer Today many fishermen are protected under the old-age and survivors insurance provision of the Social Security Act, and in the event of old age or death their families receive social insurance benefits.

so.

Not all fishermen are included under the program. The 1939 amendments to the Act brought under the program only certain classifications--those fishermen engaged in the salmon and halibut fisheries and those on vessels of 10 net tons or more. The fellows in the little boats were left out.

Just how does the program work out for the covered group?

It operates in the same way as for all the rest of wage and salary earners in covered employment--private industry and commerce, that is; it operates to protect against destitution in old age and in the event of death. Every pay day one percent of the fisherman's wages is deducted as his premium on old-age and survivors insurance. His employer contributes a like amount. These contributions go into a trust fund, and from this trust fund benefits are paid to the insured worker and his family when he retires, at 65 or later, or to his family when he dies.

An example will illustrate the protection which fishermen covered under the act receive. Let us say that fisherman John Smith has worked on a large vessel for the last five years and has built up full rights to benefits. Now he is 65 and retires. Since monthly insurance payments are based on a worker's average monthly rate, it is important to know that in John Smith's case this was $100. On this base John Smith's benefit is $26.25 a month, and he will receive it for the rest of his life. If he has a wife, she at 65 will also get payments every month, equal to half her husband's benefit amount, or $13.13, making for the couple a total of $39.38 a month. If John Smith has a minor child, he, too, will get monthly payments, equal to half the father's benefit amount, until the age of 16--or 18 if still at school. Should John Smith die, his widow's benefit will be increased to 3/4 her husband's benefit, or $19.69.

*Chairman, Social Security Board.

Now what would be the case of John Smith's family if he unhappily died before his time? In such case, his widow and young children would get monthly payments. The widow's insurance payments would be 3/4 her husband's benefit--$19.69--each child's would be 1/2--$13.13--but the total for the family could not be more than twice the deceased worker's benefit, or $52.50. Monthly payments to the family would continue until the youngest child was grown. Then the payments stop, but would begin again for the widow when she was 65, provided she had not remarried, and would continue till death. If John Smith left no children, then his widow would receive a lump-sum payment and monthly payments when she reached the age of 65. If he left neither wife nor children, his dependent parents would get monthly payments at 65.

The fisherman's part in building up rights to these benefits is the payment of a contribution of one percent of his wages. The employer pays an equal amount. The employer, however, has an additional responsibility. Over and above making his contributions, he must send into the Collector of Internal Revenue a quarterly report of the wages he paid each employee. This is something that cannot be done in a careless or haphazard fashion, for the future welfare of his employees depends upon his doing the job right. Benefits, as

I have already pointed out, are tied to earnings; thus, it is of the utmost importance to a worker to have all the wages he earned credited to his account.

In the case of a fisherman's wages, it is not quite so easy to make a correct report of wages as in the case of most other workers. This is because many fishermen are compensated only in part by regular wages. As part of their wages, many receive a share of the value of the catch. Many, again, receive part of their wages in the form of board and sleeping quarters. This additional wage must be translated into money terms and, together with the share in the value of the catch, added on to the regular wages when making social security deductions and reports.

There is yet another responsibility which the Social Security Board would urge all employers to undertake. Survivors' rights under the Social Security Act were not incorporated in the law until 1939, when the old-age insurance system had already been in operation for three years. For this reason, many workers and their families still think of social security as an old folk's program, and although the Social Security Board has widely publicized survivors' rights, some survivors still lose a part of their benefits by failing to file their claims promptly. It would, therefore, be a great service if employers would suggest to the families of workers who die in their service that contact be made with the nearest Social Security Board local field office.

It is hardly necessary to say that the services--and they are many--which the field offices of the Board perform are without charge. The offices are there to serve the public. Their objective is to administer the program in such a way that every person covered by old-age and survivors insurance will get all the protection he is entitled to. There have been instances where worker's families have paid fees to unscrupulous persons who promised to "get" benefits for them. Employers of fishermen should make it clear to their employees that they will be wasting their money if they do that. All they need to do is walk into the nearest Social Security Board field office and they will get all the help they need. If they are entitled to benefits, there is no question that they will receive them.

Under the Social Security Act a large group of fishermen today have a greater sense of security than they ever had before. But the Social Security Board is not satisfied with this achievement. It sees no reason why all fishermen should not be protected, no matter what kind of fish they catch or what size boat they go out in. It would have fishermen protected, moreover, as it would have all workers protected, against two more of the major risks, Permanent disability is one of them. The other is the costs of medical and hospital care. When all families are protected against these hazards as well as against old-age and death, America will have gone very far towards achieving its goal of a minimum basic security for all.

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THE FISHERIES OF THE WORLD

By Arthur M. Sandberg*

The fishery resources of the world, throughout the history of man, have contributed to his food, employment, and well-being. Early civilizations were established close to the waters where they could utilize the abundant and reliable resources of the sea. In each country, part of the population has come to devote its life and energies to the catching and handling of fish and shellfish. As a result, fishery products have become established in the customary diets of all peoples. The vital part fishery resources play in the lives of men and nations is emphasized by the statistics of employment and production of the various countries.

Prior to World War II, the fisheries of the world annually produced about 37 billion pounds of fishery products, valued at almost a billion dollars. Since the outbreak of the war, fishing operations have been curtailed in many areas due to the loss of men and vessels to the Armed Forces, shortages of gear, and restrictions on fishing due to military operations. As a result, the total catch of the world fisheries is currently considerably below pre-war production. This curtailment is reflected in actual and estimated figures and reports from the major producing countries.

An important problem facing the United Nations is that of producing an adequate supply of food for the countries liberated or occupied as the war progresses. Food responsibilities are likely to increase as additional territories are freed or conquered. An important source of food, which is readily available, is the fisheries in the vicinity of these areas. The high nutritive quality and digestibility of fish proteins class fish among the more desirable food products. These proteins balance the deficiencies of the cereal proteins which are included in the average diet. Much of the yield of the fisheries may be consumed directly as human food, while the remainder may be converted into such essential byproducts as vitamin oils, livestock, and poultry feeds, fertilizers, and industrial oils.

Of the total world fishery production of about 37 billion pounds, Asia accounts for about 49 percent, followed by Europe with 32 percent, and North America with 16 percent. Together, these areas produce 97 percent of the world total.

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At the height of Axis power, it is estimated that the countries in that alliance controlled about 54 percent of the world's fisheries by volume. About 41 percent was available Fishery Marketing Specialist, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Washington 25, D. C.

1/This value and those in the tables following, in practically all instances, are based on the value of the fish and shellfish to the fishermen.

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