THE PACKING OF FRUIT. What is first-class fruit?-Im- portance of uniformity in size.-How to pack-The tiers or layers of fruit-Facing fruit in barrels - Packing for export -Packing in California-German agitation-Wrapping the PACKING HOUSES AND APPLIANCES. Two types of houses -Packing tables-Sorting tables - Apple presses STORING FRUITS. General advice-Storage is a business by itself-Temporary storage-Risks in storing-Coöpera- tive storage. - Requisites for domestic storage-Ventilation -Moisture-Fruit trays. - Storage Buildings-Various types -Vermont apple house-Alwood's house-Alcoholic vapor SHIPPING AND REACHING THE CONSUMER. The grower and the consumer-How to reach the market. - Refrigerator THE PRINCIPLES OF FRUIT GROWING. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY DISCUSSION. FRUIT-GROWING and pomology are synonymous terms. They comprise the whole art of raising fruits and fruit-trees, and the applications of the various sciences thereto. It is impossible to define what a fruit is, in the sense in which the term is universally understood in pomological writings. It is best delimited by giving a list of those products which are commonly known as fruits. If a definition were attempted of the use of the word in its pomological application, it would be approximately correct to say that a fruit is the edible product of a woody or a tree-like plant, -as of a tree, bush, or vine,- and which is intimately associated in its development with the flower. This conception of a fruit is wholly unlike the botanical idea, for the botanist defines the fruit to be the ripened pericarp and attachments. It should be said, however, that this confusion in terminology is not the fault of the horticulturist, for the botanists have taken this common-language word and have given it a technical meaning. The word belongs primarily to general literature and horticulture, and if the botanist desires to impress it into other service, he must be prepared to accept the confusion which arises. INVENTORY OF FRUITS. Pomological fruits may be roughly classified under four heads, tree fruits, vine fruits, small fruits, and herb-like fruits. The following is an inventory of the staple fruits of the United States and Canada, and of those lesser known species which, having been tried in this territory, either give promise of successful cultivation here or have been more or less prominent subjects of discussion: CLASS I. ORCHARD* CULTURE, OR TREE-FRUIT CULTURE. Apple, Pyrus Malus. Crab apple, Pyrus baccata. Prairie crab, Pyrus Ioensis. Atlantic crab, Pyrus coronaria. Pear, Pyrus communis. Sand pear, Pyrus Sinensis. Quince, Pyrus Cydonia. Chinese quince, Pyrus Cathayensis. Japan quince, Pyrus Japonica. * Orchard (originally herb-yard, and now rarely written hortyard). An as semblage or plantation of fruit trees. SUB-CLASS 2. The Orchard Fruits. Drupaceous or stone fruits. Plum, Prunus domestica. Myrobalan plum, Prunus cerasifera. American plum, Prunus Americana. Sand cherry, Prunus Besseyi. Peach and nectarine, Prunus Persica. Japan apricot, Prunus Mume. Purple apricot, Prunus dasycarpa. SUB-CLASS 3. Citrous fruits. Orange, Citrus Aurantium. Tangierine orange, Citrus nobilis. Citron, Citrus Medica. Lemon, Citrus Medica var. Limon. Lime, Citrus Medica var. Limetta. Sour lime (lime of the U. S.), Citrus Medica var. acris. Kumquat, Citrus Japonica. Trifoliate orange, Egle (or Citrus) trifoliata. Glycosmis, Glycosmis aurantiaca. Lime berry, Triphrasia trifoliata. White sapota, Casimiroa edulis. SUB-CLASS 4. Moraceous fruits. Fig, Ficus Carica. White (and Russian) mulberry, Morus alba. Black mulberry, Morus nigra. Red mulberry, Morus rubra. Downing mulberry, Morus multicaulis. Japan mulberry, Morus Japonica. Bread-fruit, Artocarpus incisa. 3 |