Solicitor General with Jane Shore; a letter to negotiate a marriage between the daughter of Lord Chancellor Audley and the son of Sir Anthony Denny; the courtship of young Edward Trafford and Margaret Boothe under the decree of Lord Keeper Sir Nicholas Bacon; Lord Chancellor Hatton's address to the Bar on a call of Serjeants; Lord Ellesmere's decree to punish the prolixity of an equity draughtsman ; two letters of Lord Keeper Williams, and a very curious letter to Jeffreys when Recorder of London, showing the detestation in which he was held even in that period of his career. I earnestly implore that errors and omissions may still be pointed out to me.
I have made. considerable progress with my SECOND SERIES; and I trust that Volumes IV. and V. will be published before the end of the present year. These will bring
down the Chancellors to the death of Lord Thurlow. A supplemental Volume, including Lord Loughborough, Lord Erskine, and Lord Eldon, will complete the work. I then propose (life and health being preserved to me) to proceed with the "LIVES OF THE LORD CHANCELLORS OF IRELAND," among whom are to be found characters as interesting as any I have yet described, and whose history, I think, may be made to shed a new light upon the connection between the two countries.
Stratheden House,
April 22. 1846.
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Etymology of Word “Chancellor," Page 1. Antiquity of the Office in England, 3.
Original Duty of Chancellor to frame Writs, 3. And Royal Grants, 4. Custody
of Great Seal, 4. Chancellor Keeper of King's Conscience, 4. Chancellor for-
merly subordinate Officer, without judicial Power, 4. Common-law Jurisdiction
of Chancellor, 5. Equitable Jurisdiction, 7. Objections to Antiquity of
Equitable Jurisdiction, 7. Definition of Equitable Jurisdiction, 8. Extension
of Equitable Jurisdiction of Chancellor, 9. From Inrolments in Chancery under
Recognisance, 9. Fees, &c., 10. Harmony between Common Law and Equity,
11. Discretion of Chancellor, 11. Appeal from Chancellor as Equity Judge,
13. Habeas Corpus and Prohibitions, 13. Ne exeat Regno, 13. Jurisdiction
over Coroners, 13. Criminal Jurisdiction, 14. Bankruptcy, 14. Lunacy, 14.
Chancellor not ex officio Privy Councillor, 16. Speaker of Lords, 16. Protec-
tion and Precedence, 17. Chancellor no Vote or Voice in Lords unless a Peer
17. Anciently addressed two Houses at Meeting of Parliament, 17. Trial of
Peers, and Impeachments, 18. Star Chamber, 18. Trial of the Pyx, 19.
Chancellor appoints Justices of Peace, 19. Patronage, 19. Visitor, 20. Other
Functions, 20. Office of Keeper of the Great Seal," 20. Lords Commis-
sioners of Great Seal, 22. Present Title of Lord Chancellor, 22. Mode of
Appointment, 22. Tenure of Office, 23. Mode of using Great Seal, 23. Ne-
gotiation of Marriage of Henry VI. under Great Seal, 24. Use of Great Seal
by Edward IV., 25. Times of Tudors and Stuarts, 26. Use of Great Seal
since the Revolution of 1688, 26. Origin of Expression of " The Seals," 26.
Adoption of new Great Seal, 27. Care in keeping the Great Seal, 27.
Emoluments of Office, 28. Etiquette, 28. In Parliament, 29. When ad-
ministering Oaths to Prince of Wales, 29. To King's younger Son, 29. Το
Peers in Chancery, 29. Lord Mayor's Day, 30. Statute respecting Apparel of
Chancellor, 30.
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OF THE CHANCELLORS UNDER THE ANGLO-SAXON KINGS.
Merits of the Anglo-Saxons, 31. AUGMENDUS, Chancellor to Ethelbert, 31. ST.
SWITHIN, Chancellor to Egbert and Ethelwulf, 32. TURKETEL, Chancellor under
Edward the Elder, 34. Athelstan, 35. Battle of Brunenburgh, 35. Edmund
and Edred, 35. Lord Chancellor Turketel becomes a Monk, 35. ADULPHUS, 36
VOL. I.
OF THE CHANCELLORS FROM THE CONQUEST TO THE REIGN OE HENRY IL
Chancellors under early Norman Reigns, 40. Chancellors of the Conqueror, 42.
MAURICE, 42. Made Bishop of London, and resigns Great Seal, 42. Conduct
of Ex-chancellor Maurice on the Death of William Rufus, 43. OSMOND, 44.
His Character, 44. His literary Works, 44. ARFASTUS, 45. BALDRICK, 45.
HERMAN, 45. WELSON, 46. W. GIFFARD, Chancellor under three Reigns, 46.
His Character, 46. Conduct of Giffard on Death of Conqueror, 47. Chancellor
to William Rufus, 47. Dismissed, 47. BLOET, Chancellor to William Rufus, 47.
Death and Character of Bloet, 48. FLAMBARD, 49. Oppressions of Flambard,
49. Plot against Flambard, 50. His Preferments, 50. Committed to the
Tower, 51. Exile and Death of Flambard, 51. GIFFARD, Chancellor the third
time, 52. Dismissal and Banishment of Giffard, 52. ROGER, Bishop of Salis-
bury, Chancellor, 53. His Origin and History, 53. Roger's Rise, 53. His
Conduct as Chancellor, 54. Made Chief Justiciar, 54. Roger's Conduct on
Settlement of the Crown, 54. Dismissal of Roger, 55. Roger supports Usurpa-
tion of Stephen, 55. Roger besieged in his Castle, 55. Surrenders, 56. His
Death, 56. His Career described by William of Malmesbury, 56. Other Chan-
cellors of Henry I., 57. GEOFFREY Rurus, 57. Bought Office of Chancellor,
57. RANULPHUS, 58. Roger, Chancellor to King Stephen, succeeded by his
Nephew ALEXANDER, 59. His Conduct as Chancellor, 59. Character of Alex-
ander, 60. ROGER PAUPER, Chancellor, 60. Queen Matilda, 60.
her Chancellor, 61. Other Chancellors of Stephen, 61.
Parentage, 62. Story of his Mother being the Daughter of an Emir, 62. Birth
and Education, 63. Holds Office under Sheriff of London, 64. Patronised by
Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, 64. Made Archdeacon of Canterbury, 64.
Missions to Rome, 65. Appointed Chancellor, 65. Intimacy with Henry II.,
65. His Duties as Chancellor, 67. Fitzstephen's Account of his Habits, 67.
Story of the King, the Chancellor, and the Beggarman, 68. His Conduct as
Chancellor, 70. Becket Tutor to the Prince, 70. Becket's Embassy to France,
70. Origin of Scutage, 73. Becket's Military Prowess, 73. Siege of Toulouse,
74. Single Combat with Engleran de Trie, 74. His judicial Merits, 75. His
Views and Intentions, 75. Conversation with Prior of Leicester, 76. Death of
Archbishop Theobald, 77. Objection to Becket's Appointment as Archbishop,
on the ground of his being hostile to the Church, 77. Foliot, Bishop of Hereford,
Rival of Becket, 77. Becket elected Archbishop of Canterbury, 78. Becket
consecrated Archbishop, 79. Sudden Alteration in Becket's Character and
Conduct, 79. He resigns the Great Seal, 80. The King and Becket meet and
quarrel, 80. Struggle between Civil and Ecclesiastical Authority, 81. Con-
ference between the King and the Prelates, 82. Constitutions of Clarendon, 82.
Becket swears to Constitutions of Clarendon, 84. Great Council at Northamp-
ton, 85.
Trial of Becket, 85. Found Guilty, Further Proceedings against
him, 85. He escapes to the Continent, 87. Becket takes refuge in the Abbey
of Pontigny, 87. Measures of the King, 88. Becket goes to Rome, 88. Coro-
nation of King's son by Archbishop of York against Papal Bull, 89. Interview
between Becket and Henry at Fereitville, 89. Peace of Fereitville, 91. Henry
refuses Becket the Kiss of Peace, 91. Henry breaks his Engagement, 91.
Becket resolves on Vengeance, 91. Becket returns to England, 92. Reception
at Canterbury, 92. Visit to London, 93. Is ordered back to Canterbury, 93.
Excommunicates the three Prelates, 93. Arrival at Canterbury of four Knights
sworn to assassinate Becket, 94. They enter his Presence, 94. Calm and
courageous Conduct of Becket, 95. Assassination of Becket, 96. Horror of
the People, 97. Becket canonised, 97. Quo Warranto by Henry VIII. to un-
saint Becket, 97. Character of Becket, 98. By his Vituperators, 98.
Obscure Chancellors after Becket, 103. Chancellor JOHN, 103.
TAGENET, Chancellor, 104. His Birth and Education, 104.
His Military Exploits, 104. Receives Great Seal, 105.
Chancellor, 105. His filial Piety, 106. State of Law during Reign of
Henry II., 107.
CHANCELLORS DURING THE REIGN OF RICHARD 1.
Geoffrey made Archbishop of York, 108. LONGCHAMP, Chancellor, 108. Richard I.
sails for the Holy Land, 109. Longchamp imprisons the Bishop of Durham,
His Tyranny, 109. His Rapacity, 110. Prince John takes arms against
him, 111. Geoffrey, the Ex-chancellor, invades England, 111. Geoffrey de-
feated and imprisoned, 111. Combination of the Nobles against Longchamp,
Saxon Inhabitants of London called in to assist, 112. Longchamp sur-
renders, 113. Longchamp flies in the Disguise of a female Pedlar, 113. Is
seized by the Mob, 114. Arrives in France, 115. Visits Cœur de Lion in
Captivity, 115. Geoffrey Plantagenet again Chancellor, 115. Subsequent Fate
of Geoffrey Plantagenet, 115. His Exile and Death, 116. Longchamp again
Chancellor, 116. Parliament at Nottingham, 116. Longchamp forges Letter
from " The Old Man of the Mountain" to clear Richard of Murder of Marquis
of Montferrat, 116. Resigns Great Seal, 117. His Death, 117. EUSTACE,
Bishop of Ely, Chancellor, 118. Origin of Vice-chancellors, 118. Vice-chan-
cellors John de Alençon and Malchien, 118. Vice chancellor Bennet, 119.
Death of Richard I., 119. Laws of Oleron, 119.
Accession of John, 121. HUBERT, Archbishop of Canterbury, Chancellor, 121.
Death of Lord Chancellor, 123. Great Seal sold to WALTER DE GRAY, 123. His
Conduct, 124. Vice-chancellor Wallys, 124. Surrender of England to the
Pope, 125. De Gray, Bishop of Worcester and Archbishop of York. 126. His
Ignorance, 126. His Death and Character, 126. RICHARD DE MARISCO, Chan-
cellor, 126. Magna Charta, 127. Death of King John, 127. Beginning of
Statute Law, 128.
CHANCELLORS DURING THE REIGN OF HENRY III. TILL THE APPOINTMENT OF QUEEN
ELEANOR AS LADY KEEPER OF THE GREAT SEAL.
MARISCO, 129. Confirmation of the Great Charter, 129. Ralph de Neville,
Vice-chancellor, 129. Misconduct of Vice-chancellor De Neville, 130. Letter
of Remonstrance from the Chancellor to the Vice-chancellor, 130. DE NEVILLE,
Chancellor, 132. Grant to him of Office of Chancellor for Life, 132. He
is likewise made Chancellor of Ireland, 133. And Guardian of Realm, 133. Dis-
appointed of the Primacy, 133. Triumph of Peter de Rupibus, 133. De Neville
deprived of Great Seal, 134. "SIMON THE NORMAN," Chancellor, 134. Dis-
missed for Honesty, 135. De Neville restored to the Office of Chancellor, 135.
His Death, 135. His Character, 135. Statute of Merton, 136. Attempt by
Parliament to acquire Right of appointing Chancellor, 136. RANULPH BRITON,
Chancellor, 137. JOHN MAUNSEL, Chancellor, 138. Origin of the Dispensing
Power in England, 138. This Chancellor the greatest Pluralist on Record, 138.
JOHN DE LEXINGTON, Chancellor, 139. Complaint in Parliament that Chancel-
lor not more consulted, 139. Petition to remove him, 139. King's Answer, 139.
QUEEN ELEANOR, Lady Keeper, 140. Her Parentage, 140. Wit and Beauty, 140.
Marriage with Henry, 141. Her Unpopularity, 142. Quarrels with the Citizens
of London, 142. Birth of Edward I., 143. She receives the Great Seal,
6th August, 1253, 143. Her Conduct as Lady Keeper, 143. Her Accouchement,
143. Her Exaction of "Queen Gold," 144. A Parliament, 144. She resigns
the Great Seal, 144. Ballads upon her, 145. Pelted by the London Mob, 145.
She flies abroad, 146. Returns to England, 146. Takes the Veil, 146. Her
Death, 146. Her Character, 146.
WILLIAM DE KILKENNY, Chancellor, 148. Reprimand to the Clergy, 148. Kil-
kenny's Resignation, 148. Embassy to Spain, 149. Death, 149. HENRY DE
WENGHAM, 149. Mad Parliament, 149. "Provisions of Oxford," 149. Ni-
CHOLAS DE ELY made Chancellor by the Barons, 150. King recovers his Autho-
rity, 150. A Parliament, 150. WALTER DE MERTON, Chancellor, 151. History
of De Merton, 152. Keepers of Scal, 152. Public Confusion, 152. Writs for
Simon de Montfort's Parliament, 49 Henry III, 153. Reference to King of
France, 153. His Award, 154. Battle of Lewes, 154. Meeting of Simon de
Montfort's Parliament, 154. Origin of House of Commons, 155. THOMAS DE
CANTILUPE, Chancellor, 156. His Salary, 156. Battle of Evesham, 157. Death
of Cantilupe, 157. WALTER GIFFARD, Chancellor, 157. Resigns, being made
Archbishop of York, 158. GODFREY GIFFARD, Chancellor, 158. Removed for
Incompetency, 158. JOHN DE CHISHULL, Chancellor, 159. RICHARD DE MID-
DLETON, Chancellor, 159. Prince Edward in the Holy Land, 160. John de
Kirby, Keeper of Great Seal, 160. Character of Chancellors during Reign of
Henry III., 161. Bracton, Merits of, 162. Abolition of Office of Chief Jus-
ticiar, 162. Disruption of Aula Regia, 163. Chancellor now Head of Law,
CHANCELLORS AND KEEPERS OF THE GREAT SEAL DURING THE REIGN OF EDWARD I.
TILL THE DEATH OF LORD CHANCELLOR BURNEL.
WALTER DE MERTON, Chancellor, 164. His Conduct and Character, 165. ROBERT
BURNEL, Chancellor, 165. Birth and Education, 166. Accompanies Prince
Edward to the Holy Land, 166. Law Reform, 167. STATUTE OF WESTMINSTER
THE FIRST, 167. Provisions of the Code, 167. Its Omissions, 168. Conquest of
Wales, 168. Judgment against Llewellyn, 169. Lord Chancellor employed in
Government of Principality, 169. Parliament held in Chancellor's Castle at
Acton Burnel, 170. His Plan for Government of Ireland, 172. Vice-chancellor
Kirby, 172. Prosecution by Chancellor of the Judges for Bribery and Cor-
ruption, 173. Dispute about Succession to Crown of Scotland, 173. Chancellor
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