Nordic Mountain Birch EcosystemsF. E. Wielgolaski UNESCO, 2001 - 390 sider The Nordic subarctic-subalpine birch forest belt is unique to Fennoscandia, the Kola Peninsula, Iceland and southern Greenland. The area is characterized by extensive multiple use, including reindeer husbandry, forest and tourist industries and hunting and fishing. Scientifically, the mountain birch has been of special interest from a genetic and ecological angle, including the use of experimental approaches to assess the effects of phylogenesis and environment on biological performance. Such approaches lie at the core of the studies in this volume. |
Indhold
Introduction | 1 |
VEGETATION SECTIONS IN NORTHERN | 23 |
MOUNTAIN BIRCH TAXONOMY AND FLORISTICS OF | 35 |
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Abisko alpine altitude Aradottir arctic Arnalds autumn autumnal moth Betula pubescens Betula pubescens ssp biomass birch Betula pubescens birch seedlings birch trees birch woodlands boreal brumata Budbreak buds Bylund Chapter climate czerepanovii defoliation density Deschampsia dynamics Ecol Ecology ecosystems ecotypes effects Empetrum environmental Epirrita autumnata Fennoscandia fertilization Figure Finland Finnmarksvidda forest limit Geometridae grazing growing season Hämet-Ahti Haukioja Henttonen herbivores Holocene Iceland increased Järvinen Kallio Karlsson Kevo Kilpisjärvi km² Lehtonen lichens Melbu monocormic mountain birch Betula mountain birch forest myrtillus nana Neuvonen nitrogen Nordell Nordic northern Fennoscandia Norway nutrient Oecologia Oikos Oksanen outbreaks photosynthetic pine plants polycormic population predation provenances reindeer rodent root Ruohomäki seed shoots Skre soil Sonesson species Spitsbergen stems subalpine birch subarctic summer farming Sweden Swedish Lapland Table temperature Tenow Torneträsk treeline Tromsø tundra Utsjoki Vaccinium Vardø variation vegetation vole Weih Wielgolaski willow winter woodland units zone