ster Abbey. The view of the Town Hall at Ulm, forms an interesting subject, although the building itself is not a very excellent specimen of architecture. The Castle at Kipfenberg, and that at Prunn, both situated in Altmuhlthal, are two exceed ingly romantic and picturesque views; and equally so is a little chapel in the Tyrol, where a procession of Pilgrims is seen crossing a bridge thrown across a waterfall. The remaining plates give views of a Churchyard and Cloister, St. Martin's Church in Landshut, the Church-yard of St. John's at Nuremburg, with a distant prospect of the castle; the Town of Esslingen on the Necker, where the beautiful tower of the church of our lady forms a very conspicuous feature; in this plate is introduced a procession which was made in 1817, during the festivals held on account of the happy release from the famine which had prevailed in Suabia during that year. The tower and spire of this church, if not so elaborate and rich, is perhaps even still more beautiful and graceful than the celebrated one at Ulm; this plate too is one of the best executed in the work. The architect of the church was Hans Boblinger, who died in 1505. The Cathedral at Frankfort; this church which is remarkable as being the coronation place of the Emperors of Germany, was begun in 1415, and finished (the spire however has never been completed,) in 1511. The admirers of gothic architecture, of picturesque effect, and of romantic scenery, cannot fail to receive great gratification from the productions of an artist who seems gifted with

"A poet's fancy and a painter's eye." He has acquired considerable reputation by his architectural pictures in oil; and we may confidently assert, that whenever he obtains that beautiful transparency and gradation of colour which charm us in the paintings of Neefs, Van Saerdam, &c. he will leave them far behind, as he is so greatly their superior, in poetical feeling, perspective accuracy, and architectural knowledge.

Javanese Antiquities. Since the English have restored the Island of Java to the Dutch Government, the latter has been employed in collecting all the various antiquities which the English had discovered in the island, and in making preparatious to transport them to Europe. Among these valuable remains are four statues of stone, the size of life; they were found among the ruins at Malang, and doubtless served to ornament some considerable edifice. Three of them are already on their way to Amsterdam; the first, which is supposed to represent the deity Durza, has eight hands, and is seated upon a buffalo that is treading on the figure of Vice; the second,

the Genesa of the Indian mythology, and called by the Javenese Gana Singa Jaga, has an elephant's head; the third deity Nandi is represented under the form of a bull. The workmanship of this last statue is said to be remarkable fine.

Portrait of Catherine the Great.-M. M. Utkin and Tschessky, two of the most celebrated engravers in Russia, are employed upon a large plate that Count Romanzon has commissioned them to execute. It is intended to represent Catherine the Great, standing in the park at Zarsko Selo, before the monument of the Field-Marshal Count Rumianzow-Sadunayskow. The landscape, which is the work of M. Tschessky, is already completed; when terminated, this engraving will, we doubt not, add still further to the reputation of the artists, and show the progress Russia is daily making in these arts, which tend to the embellishment of life, and which mark the progress of refinement.

Sicilian Antiquities. Extensive researches and excavations have been for some time carrying on under the direction, and at the expense of Baron Judica, in Pallazzuolo, a small place about eighteen miles from Noto in Sicily. This antiquary imagines that he has discovered the remains of the ancient city of Acre, respecting whose situations geographers have so much disputed. These consist principally of tombs and catacombs containing a great number of Christian inscriptions, likewise sacred and profane antiquities of various kinds. The latter have contributed greatly towards enriching the Baron's museum, which is one of the most considerable in the whole island, and is remarkable too for possessing such a number of antiquities that have been dug up at the same place: if we except Herculaneum and Pompeia, there is perhaps, no other individual spot which has afforded the like multitude and variety of curiosities. Besides bas-reliefs, a great quantity of inscriptions, chiefly Greek, here are vessels of copper and bronze coloured glasses of every description, vases, lamps, cups, medals, works in clay, and lastly, the moulds used to form the reliefs on the surface of enriched vases. These are of the same description as those which have been discovered in Tuscany, and are to be seen in the Venuti Museum at Cortona. The glass vases are exceedingly numerous, and we cannot but admire the skill shown by the ancients in bestowing upon this material every variety of colour; many are of a beautiful azure-blue, with streaks of green and yellow. But no portion of the collection is, perhaps, more worthy of attention and admiration than the Etrurian or GræcoSicilian vases, which are particularly numerous. There is also a fragment of a vase ornamented with vine-leaves and bunches of grapes in alto-relievo, and coated exter

nally with a yellow, internally with a green varnish, of which the basis is evidently formed by an oxyd of lead; although it is very much to be doubted, whether the ancients were acquainted with the use of this material, which was most probably discovered by the Arabians, from whom it has been transmitted to us: yet should Acre, as has been conjectured, have continued to exist so late as the eleventh century, we need not be surprized at meeting with glazed earth vessels of this kind among the remains of that place. Few of the vases in the Baron's collection are to be commended for the elegance and beauty of the figures, which consist chiefly of grotesque masks, and distorted caricatures.

The curiosity of the learned and antiquarian world will shortly be gratified by a work which the noble collector himself is preparing to publish at Messina, and which is intended to contain ample descriptions and elucidations of all these antiques. It is not known whether the Baron will prosecute his researches after the appearance of his projected publication: most probably not, unless the government will offer its assitance towards defraying the expenses attending such an undertaking, which are hardly to be supported by an individual, whatever may be his munificence or his zeal.

Schools of Mutual Instruction are now making considerable progress throughout all Italy. A very extensive one upon this system has been recently opened at Malta by Joseph Standi, who had been over to England for the purpose of acquiring a complete knowledge of the Lancasterian method. A similar, had some time previously been formed near La Valetta by an ecclesiastic named Don Luigi, who is exceedingly zealous in bringing forward this plan of education. In Naples also the new system has received great encouragement, both from the nobility and men of letters, as well as from many private individuals. There is in that city a school of this description where 300 children are instructed at the expense, and under the patronage of the government. It is reported that similiar ones are about to be opened at Rome and Genoa; while at Milan, Brescia, and Florence they are already established. At the latter place the institution is encouraged by the most distinguished persons, by the Prince and Princess Corsini, the Countess of Albany, Count Bordi, Fabroni, &c. At Boghera in Piedmont, one of these schools has been established by M. Gallini, who visited both England and France for the express purpose of making himself acquainted with the system on which they are conducted. There were lately no fewer than five schools of this kind in Piedmont, under the patronage of the Prince of Carignano; where they are

said to succeed exceedingly, and to meet with support from the clergy. Others have been formed at Nice and in its environs by the exertions of the Abbés Cessola and Caupin.

French Names.-The following whimsical period commences an article in one of the Paris journals:

"Il existe à Londres, aux frais du gouvernement, une école d'arts et métiers, que l'on nomme Blue Coot d'où sont sortis des hommes du premier merite."

Who could suppose that this oddly spelt government institution, which sends out men of the highest abilities in the arts, is Christ's Hospital, or the Blue Coat School? Lit. Gazette.

Mr. Ackerman's Monthly Repository speaks in the following terms of an ingenious fire-alarm, invented by a Mr. J. G. Colbert:

"This instrument is portable, of the size and general appearance of a timepiece, except that the dial-plate exhibits a semicircle marked with the degrees from 1 to 180. When the index is placed at half or a whole degree, or more, above the heat of the atmosphere at the time, any increase of temperature beyond the degree indicated, sets the alarum in motion, and thus gives notice of the approaching danger. Hence it is obvious, that the principle of the thermometer has been applied to this instrument, which may be placed in any situation, and is sold at prices varying from five to thirty guineas, according to the plainness or elegance of the execution. All those who wish to obtain an additional security against the dangers of fire by night, may have an opportunity of inspecting this contrivance at Mr. Ackerman's."

The Little Theatre, Haymarket, closed on Saturday, the 14th. Oct. The farewell address alluded to the formation of an Independent House and Company; the secret of which allusion we believe is, that a number of the most eminent performers of the time project the establishment, at the new theatre, when built, of a dramatic concern something on the footing of such matters in Paris, in which they shall themselves be the proprietors, managers, and principal supports in the way of acting. In short, that the company shall be a joint stock company, and have and perform stock pieces; and controul by an elective executive, and share profits (if any,) and provide for the sick and superannuated, out of whatever overflowing fund overflowing houses enable them to realize. So whispers rumour; and it is easy to foresee, that such an event (the patentees will call it a conspiracy) will have a prodigious influence on our national stage.-Lit. Gazette.

ver.

But as no one can pretend that the testimony produced by her Majesty's accusers, would, if left totally unshaken and unimpeached, supply that certainty against her,—so no one has a right to expect that the negative shall admit of a demonstration more perfect than that of which the affirmative was susceptible. The utmost to which the proof against the Queen could have amounted supposing even the strongest statements of the Attorney and Solicitor Generals' opening speeches substantiated in evidence is heavy and unavoidable presumption against her honour ;—a presumption quite sufficient to form the ground of judgment against her, a presumption which, according to the constitution of human faculties, and with reference to the necessities of human society, would be fairly considered and acted upon as proof. Still, however, it must be recollected, nothing has been attempted against the Queen beyond strong circumstantial evidence,-which, in the wide range of possibility, though sufficient to found practical proceedings upon as against guilt, would be liable beyond a doubt to an after-explanation of which innocence, comparative or absolute, might be the result. Admitting this, it follows, that the case which might be considered established if strong presumption of crime were furnished, must be considered destroyed if the evidence afford presumption reconcileable with innocence. No man, we repeat, in bringing his opinion to bear upon the great question that has been submitted to the highest public tribunal of the country, has any right to take into

account his impressions, his surmises, his doubts, his difficulties-that is to say, if any such exist in his mind. Her Majesty's conduct for a series of years has been submitted to a sort of scrutiny, which, against whoever directed, would, and must, infallibly give rise to many questions of comparative propriety, of good taste, of sound judgment, &c. &c. But in such a case as this distinguished by such extraordinary we had almost said monstrous peculiarities,-founded by those who brought it forward on such high and specious professions,—entailing so enormous a responsibility on its promoters, in consequence of its intimate connection with the public tranquillity, with public decency, with the subordination of the people, and the respectability of the crown,-the public generally had a right to expect, that the conclusion of guilt should be irresistible, since a verdict of guilty was demanded. And not only this, but that the motives of the prosecution, and the conduct of its agents, should stand-not merely out of the reach of positive imputation,—but aloof from the common anxieties, partialities, manoeuvres-justifiable, or at least natural in personal litigations, but disavowed, and most unjustifiable, in respect of an inquest to which the name and character of the nation was pompously attached ;—an inquest which, if there be a particle of substantial honour left, where the externals and titles of honour most abound, had not its origin in personal feeling, but in the purest regard to the public welfare, and the reputation of the country in the esteem of the world!

Was the nation concerned, or inclined, to offer an unusually high price for evidence against the Queen,

-to take unusual pains in disciplining witnesses,-to inquire only amongst the discarded, the faithless, and the profligate for testimony to her discredit-passing carefully by individuals of another description who could not but possess information, and to whom no prima facie stigma at least at

taches-nothing to warrant their being neglected by those caterers of facts, the object of whose mission is stated to have been simply and solely to gain a knowledge of the truth? If the proceedings against the Queen had no motive but that of a disinterested regard to the honour of the country, need they have been taken up in the spirit of a private suit?-and with still more reason may we ask, if, in that case, they ought to have been pursued with the inveteracy and the cunning of personal malignity?

With reference to the general presumption which the evidence warrants to the judges in this public inquiry, these matters are of high consequence. If the motive of the prosecution be notoriously less magnanimous than is stoutly pretended; if the evidence be palpably picked, tutored, arranged, and manœuvred,-brought forward or kept back, sheltered, concealed, prompted, and paid, in a spirit of hostile zeal against her Majesty, which can only be accounted for by supposing the existence of that which is so strongly denied-namely, a bitter personal desire in some quarter for her degradation ;-if her professional accusers discover as much tenderness and timidity in regard to certain points involved in the inquiry, as they do pertinacity and severity in regard to others;-if such be the state of the case, we say (and that it is so no one who has read the long reports in the newspapers will deny) this of itself constitutes one-and not immaterial-ground for presuming in her favour,—and, at the same time, it relieves her from the effect of one very considerable and very natural prejudice under which she at first laboured.

That it does both these things is clear:-for, in the first place, the facts which we have introduced with an "if," but which are notorious to every one, prove that a false, insincere, discreditable, consciously-guilty spirit actuates the Queen's accusersand this, of course, constitutes a presumption against their accusation: and, in the second place, the bringing forward of such charges, with all their accompanying train of difficulty, disturbance, filth, recrimination, fatigue, and disgust, by sincere, impartial, high-minded men, under the in

fluence of pure, dispassionate, disinterested motives-to gratify no weak, malignant, cowardly dispositionbut openly and fairly to discharge a painful, yet necessary duty,—this of itself would have weighed - must have weighed-prodigiously with the reflecting and quiet part of the community,-and led them to form, at the very outset, a strong presumption against her Majesty's innocence. From this unfavourable presumption, at all events, the Queen's case is now most completely relieved.

But these grounds of presumption, in this most recent, and we trust final attempt, to destroy a solitary, and certainly harshly-treated female, cannot be permitted to operate only as if the present attack against her stood single, without pre decessors connected with it by a chain of indignity and persecution. No,-oh no! We are aware that grave charges have before this been brought against her Majesty; that they have been investigated by a high state inquest, and that it has been solemnly decided, they were the offspring of conspiracy, treachery, malice, and revenge!-Well: how do these bear upon the present case? Why, if, as we have said before, the motives of the present prosecution stand clearly above imputation; if it has been conducted in the frankest, most generous, manly, upright, manner; if the truth has been sought for with determined impartiality, if such is a right description of the style in which the present prosecu-. tion against the Queen has been conducted, then, indeed, it can scarcely be said to be prejudiced by what has gone before; but it is possible rather that people may be inclined to suppose, that there was something amiss previously as well as now, though the existence of misconduct could not be shown. But if, on the other hand, the present accusation is said to be impelled by a public motive, when it clearly proceeds from private dislike or hatred; if there is insincerity in the professions of the accusers,―art, cunning, selection, and shuffling in their measures,-infamy on the characters of the witnesses, bribes in their pockets, convicted lies in their mouths,-does not this prosecution become immediately connected in close family union with its unsucces

ful and branded forerunners? Must not the exclamation rise from every fair mind--" its hateful features prove it to be of the same breed-a rightful heir of all the infamy of its ancestors —a scion of the abominable stock-a lineal descendant from the parent union of dark treachery and impotent spite!"

We use strong language because we feel acutely and indignantly for the disgraced and discomfited situation in which the Constitutional Authorities of the country are placed by this most unwise, most unmanly, most unfair prosecution. Any one who has done us the honour to attend to the manifestations of political opinion, which have been made in this Magazine, must know that between us and the regular calumniators of public men, the decriers of all public measures, the reformers in ignorance, and counsellors in malice, there is "a great gulph fixed." We have never yet contemplated the salvation of the state as reduced to the forlorn hope of the radicals, as they are called. Neither our taste, nor our judgment, such as it is, has ever permitted us to regard with satisfaction the plans now carried about the streets for pulling down the proud towers and strong bastions of our ancient national edifice, in order to erect on their site, a range of comfortable houses of the third class, with areas in front, and paved yards behind-all running in right lines, and confined to regular dimensions, like the New Town of Edinburgh.Whatever, therefore, is calculated to give a triumph to this set of vulgar architects, we naturally abhor; but we are quite sure that they must be very weak-headed-and we have some suspicion that they cannot be very sound hearted individuals, who would tell us,-(and we have been so told) that, in order to impede the party in question, it is our duty to call black white, and white black; to deny the errors of the ministry when we can; to equivocate when we cannot deny; to be silent when we can do neither. Addle-pated beings these must be; that is to say, if they are not trimming, sordid, calculating spirits. The basis of England's strength; that which has borne her up so much higher than other countries; that which has her self-preserving principle, f her duration, the liv

ing soul of her envied and triumphant greatness, is the independence, providing naturally for the integrity,-of her public opinion. He, therefore, who contributes his mite even to this, helps, by so much, to strengthen the foundations of his native land; while the miserable creature who permits himself, under notions of expediency, and in compliment to his own subtlety, to equivocate with the truth, discards, with his sincerity, his only guide to right or safe conclusions, and sets an example which, if followed to any extent by his fellow-subjects, would strew the surface of the British land with those hideous spectacles of moral and national abjection that excite the disgust of our travellers in some parts of the continent.

From the first word, therefore, spoken of the prosecution against the Queen, we raised our voices against it; because we at once attributed it to private spite, and foresaw that it would excite public discord, promote disaffection, and insult decency. There did not appear to be any personal injury sustained, (supposing the Queen guilty) which the nation was called upon to redress; for the nation had never received the advantage of a good example from the quarter in question-and owed nothing to feelings that had shewn themselves to be vindictive and impure. On the other hand, the public interests, considered by themselves, could not be benefited by the prosecution (still supposing the Queen guilty);-for her bad conduct abroad could only be regarded as connected with her ill-treatment at home; and the triumph of justice over her crimes could not fail to be considered, by many, as providing for a greater triumph of injustice, in the gratification of a spirit of hostility, degraded by rancour, as well as contaminated by licentiousness.

We are, however, most ready now to acknowledge,-what indeed must have been sufficiently apparent to our readers,-that, in forming this strong opinion against the propriety of the prosecution, we were by no means animated by a conviction of her Majesty's innocence. On the contrary, we thought the presumption at the outset was strongly against her: we could not, and did not credit, that the case which was rumoured against her, on the authority of men who stood