Accusant, quos hic noster auctores habet : ACTUS PRIMI SCENA PRIMA. SIMO. SOSIA. Sosia, Si. Vos istaec intro auferte: abite. the language of the jurists 'auctor' is one "qui ita nos auxit ut inde jus quoddam in nos transeat." (See Long's note on Cic. In Verrem ii. 5. 22, malo auctore,' for a fuller explanation of the word.) 22. Porro] Here used in its original sense (compare the Greek πóóów) of 'benceforth.' Compare Heaut. i. 1. 107: “Menedeme, at porro recte spero.' The general idea is that of distance, here and in Hecyra v. 1. 37, applied to time; in other places of distance in space, as in Hecyra iii. 1. 18: "Nova res orta est porro ab hac quae me abstrahat." 24. Favete, adeste, &c.] Keep silence, and weigh the matter fairly as umpires, that you may decide on the fate of my future plays.' Favete' is a term commonly used in sacrificial rites (see Macleane's note on Horace, Carm. iii. 1. 2, 'favete linguis'). The 'arbitri,' or 'umpires,' were said 'adesse,' as the word implies, being derived from the old words ar' (ad) and beto;' so that an ' arbiter' is 'one who goes to another,' and in legal language a witness or umpire. Their duty was 'cognoscere,' to investigate (see Cicero, In Verrem ii. 2. 10, and cogni. tio,' ii. 25) before sentence (judicium). The sentence is here represented as a tacit one by pernoscatis.' 25. Ecquid spei sit reliquum] 'If any hope remains.' Compare "Ut spes nulla reliqua in te esset tibi " (Eun. ii. 2.9). Difficulties have been unnecessarily raised about The metre of this prologue, and of the first scene, is iambic trimeter. In all Terence's plays the prologue and the opening scene are in the same metre. ACT I. SCENE I. This scene introduces us to the chief character of the play, the young Pamphilus, and his connexion with the Andrian stranger. Simo relates the circumstances which led to his suspicions and his discovery of their love. He then engages the assistance of Sosia in the scheme by which he proposes to ascertain the real feelings of his son. The art of this scene has been justly praised. Some parts of it are particularly elegant and vivid. Cicero (De Oratore ii. 80) has quoted it with marked praise. 1. After the word 'abite' we must suppose the servants to withdraw into the Nempe ut curentur recte haec. Si. Imo aliud. So. Quid est Si. Nihil istac opus est arte ad hanc rem quam paro: Fide et taciturnitate. So. Exspecto quid velis. Si. Ego postquam te emi, a parvulo ut semper tibi Scis feci e servo ut esses libertus mihi, Quod habui summum pretium, persolvi tibi. 5 10 So. In memoria habeo. Si. Haud muto factum. So. Gaudeo Si tibi quid feci aut facio quod placet, Simo, Et gratum id fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam. 15 house, which stands on one wing of the stage, carrying with them their kitchen stuff. Sosia remains armed with his cooking utensils. The absence of stage directions has in some instances given rise to difficulties in the intrepretation of Terence. We cannot doubt that the poet had an eye throughout to stage effect; but the management of the dialogue would rest mainly with his chief actors Ambivius and Attilius. The success of a play would depend much on the spirit which they exhibited in their rendering of it; for every clever actor has it in his power to give a new dress to the works of his author. Thus we find the actor who speaks the second prologue to the Hecyra claiming the merit of having established the reputation of Caecilius by his performances, "Novas qui exactas feci ut inveterascerent.' He was manager and actor at once, and proprietor of the play too, and would naturally do his best to make it attractive. 5. Istac arte] 'I want none of your skill in the matter which I have in hand.' This marked sense of' iste' as the demonstrative of the second person meets us throughout Terence. Compare Heaut. i. 1. 58, Istuc aetatis,'' when I was at your age.' Hence is derived the judicial use of the word signifying the defendant. See Long's note on Cicero In Verrem ii. 3. 87. The words used by Terence are ambiguous, and may be applied either to domestic skill or in a more general sense. 9. Justa et clemens servitus] 'Clementia' belongs more properly to the imposer of service than to the service itself. We may, however, compare other phrases in which there is a similar transfer of ideas. Thus in Tacitus, Ann. i. 81: "Quantoque majore libertatis imagine tegebantur, tanto eruptura ad infensius servitium," a more galling slavery.' Ann. xi. 10: "Ingens gloria, atque eo ferocior et subjectis intoleratior." So here, 'you know how reasonable and indulgent my rule over you has been.' But Terence may mean simply 'easy,' as in Adelphi i. 1. 17: "Ego hanc clementem vitam urbanam atque otium Secutus sum." 10.] The original of this line is preserved from Menander: ἐγώ σε δοῦλον ὄντ ̓ ἔθηκ ̓ ev¤εpov. E servo] Compare Horat. Serm. ii. 5. 55: "Plerumque recoctus Scriba ex quinqueviro corvum deludet hiantem," where see Macleane's note. Virgil, Aen. x. 221: "Numen habere maris, nymphasque e navibus esse." 11. Liberaliter] Compare "Servum haud illiberalem praebes te," Adelphi v. 5. 5, ‘I made you free because you showed that you merited freedom.' 13. Haud muto factum] I do not repent the deed.' Compare Adelphi iv. 7. 19: "Placet tibi factum, Micio? Non si queam Mutare." So mutare fidem,' Phormio iii. 2. 27; Sallust, Jug. 52; Livy xxxi. 28, 'to break a promise.' Bentley reads Haud muto. S. Factum gaudeo.' 'Muto' is found absolutely, as in Plautus, Rud. iii. 6, 27, but the change creates an unnecessary abruptness. Donatus mentions an old reading multo,' which is adopted by Reinhardt; but this is harsh, and has not been followed by others. At Athens slaves who were manumitted were liable to be prosecuted for a neglect of their duties to their former masters, who stood in the relation of роoráraι to them. Such a prosecution was called aroσraσiov dikŋ. (See Dict. of Ant. p. 705, a.) 15.] In the text I have adopted the change advocated by Ritschl (Prolegomena Sed mihi hoc molestum est: nam istaec commemoratio Quin tu uno verbo dic quid est quod me velis. Si. Ita faciam: hoc primum in hac re praedico tibi; 20 So. Cur simulas igitur? Si. Rem omnem a principio audies; to Plautus, p. 118, &c.). The old reading is 'et id gratum.' Bentley gives this among many other instances of violation of position by Terence, justifying them by the consideration that they occur at the beginning of lines (see Schediasma, p. 12). Ritschl on the contrary argues that all these apparent exceptions may be got rid of by simple transposition, or by the expulsion of glosses. Some such change is needed and justifiable in the text of Terence, which has certainly been sufficiently tampered with. I have discussed this question generally in the Introduction. 16. Istaec commemoratio] Your detail is like upbraiding me with forgetfulness of your kindness.' Colman has quoted from Massinger's "Duke of Milan," Act i. sc. 3, similar lines: So. Ita est. 25 25 24. Postquam excessit ex ephebis] 'When he came to man's estate.' So Exotiv iš lonßwv, Xen. Cyr. i. 2. 12. The onẞoi at Athens were the young men from eighteen years old to twenty. They were employed in military service in home quarters as πEρiToλot, and afterwards were sent on foreign service. Hence the word passed into general use. The 'magister' was removed upon their leaving the onßol. The words 'Sosia ...potestas' have occasioned much dispute. Bentley adds 'ac' after 'Sosia;' but this position of a monosyllabic conjunction, commencing a new clause at the end of a line, is very rare, if admissible at all. Nor is any change necessary. Simo commences his story, and then breaks off with a reflection on the condition of untried boyhood. He then resumes afresh at v. 28, as if no interruption had occurred. In line 25 we must pronounce 'vivendi' as a dissyllable. To avoid this Bentley reads 'libera vivendi potestas:' but this means 'a free freely,' which is the meaning of our text. option of living,' not 'an option of living 28. Plerique omnes] The collocation of these words is frequent. See Heaut. iv. 7. 2; Phorm. i. 3. 20. So the Greek #λɛíoveç návres, and our common phrase 'almost all. 29. Aut equos alere] These words are epexegetical of ' studium aliquod.' So Virg. Aen. vi. 654: "Quae cura nitentes Pascere Alere aut canes ad venandum, aut ad philosophos : Si. Interea mulier quaedam abhinc triennium Coacta, egregia forma atque aetate integra. equos." For an amusing sketch of the gentleman jockey see the opening scene of Aristophanes' Clouds. 32.] Studere' is always found with an accusative in Terence. Comp. Heaut. ii. 4. 2: "Id cum studuisti isti formae ut mores consimiles forent ;" and Hec. ii. 1. 2: "Utin' omnes mulieres eadem aeque studeant nolintque omnia?" 34. Ut ne quid nimis] He quotes the proverb. It is a translation of the undev ayav ascribed to Pittacus by some; by Aristotle to Chilon (Rhet. ii. 12. 14). Sosia is a dealer in proverbs. He soon gives us another, which has been laboriously traced to Bias. 42.] 'Abhinc' is used of past time only. See Hecyra v. 3. 24, and Phormio v. 8. 28. So too Cicero, Pro Q. Rosc. 13: "Repromittis tu abhinc triennium." 43. Huc viciniae] Similar phrases occur in Phorm. i. 2. 45; Plaut. Mil. ii. 3. 2: "Hic proximae viciniae." See 44. Cognatorum negligentia] The Athenian laws provided that the nearest wealthy relative (dyxortúc) of a woman should either marry her or portion her out. Phormio i. 2. 75. Adelphi iv. 5. 16. the whole subject of marriage see Dictionary of Antiquities (Matrimonium). On 46. Vereor ne] Verbs of fearing followed by ne' imply that the object of fear will be realized; by 'ut' that it will not. The conjunctive clause is in reality the object of the verb. Thus 'vereor ne quid apportet,' 'I fear about its not bringing something,' namely, that it will bring; vereor ut apportet,' I fear about its bringing,' that it will not bring. The idea of doubt in the words denoting an apprehension neutralizes the subsequent clause. Both phrases occur together in Andria ii. 2. 12: "Id paves, ne tu ducas illam; tu autem, ut ducas." The same rule applies to the phrase periculum est' (see Cic. Div. in Caec. 14). In these constructions 'ne non' is equivalent to 'ut,' and ut non' to 'ne.' 4 47. Duriter] Compare Adelphi i. 1. 20: "Semper parce ac duriter se habere." Donatus draws a twofold distinction between 'dure' and 'duriter,' which may be best given in his own words: "Est enim duriter, sine sensu laboris: dure autem, crudeliter; illud ad laborem, hoc ad saevitiam relatum est. Sed dure in alterum, duriter in nos aliquid facimus." But this distinction is not always observed. For example, in Adelphi iv. 5. 28, we have "Factum a vobis duriter immisericorditerque." All that we can assert is that 'dure' does not seem to be used in the sense which duriter' has in this passage till we come to later writers. Forcellini gives an instance from Seneca, Ep. 8, " Corpus durius tractandum est, ne animo male pareat," where, however, the body may be viewed as separate from the man. Agebat, lana ac tela victum quaeritans. Sed postquam amans accessit, pretium pollicens, Dic sodes, quis heri Chrysidem habuit?' Nam Andriae 50 55 60 So. Teneo. Si. Phaedrum, aut Cliniam 50. Unus et alter] Donatus has imagined that alter' means 'a third,' referring to v. 60, but the phrase signifies a small but indefinite number, as the Greek T aλλoç. Compare "Versus paullo concinnior unus et alter," Hor. Epist. ii. 1. 74. 6 52. Conditionem] She accepted their terms.' From the sense of a compact' ("conditio' est pactio, certam legem in se continens." Donatus) is derived that of a 'marriage agreement,' 'a match.' So Cic. Cael. 15: "Hinc licet conditionem quotidie legas," you may select a suitable match every day:' where it has almost a personal sense. Compare also Hecyra ii. 1. 44: "Quae vobis placita est conditio datur;" and Phormio iv. 1. 13. Quaestum' also in a bad sense. See Plaut. Poen. v. 3. 21: "Facerentque indignum genere quaestum corpore.' Compare also Tac. Ann. ii. 85. 61. Symbolam dedit, coenavit] The symbola' or 'collecta' (Cic. De Or. ii. 57) was the contribution paid by each guest to the common expenses of a feast. Compare Eun. iii. 4. 1: "Coiimus in Piraeeo, In hunc diem ut de symbolis essemus." Hence 'asymbolus' of a parasite, Phormio ii. 2. 25. It is almost unnecessary to remark that these terms are of Greek origin, and derived from the pavoç or dεiñνov áπÒ ovμßoλāv. 63. Nihil quidquam] Thus again, Hec. iii. 3. 40. So too nemo-quisquam,' Eun. ii. 1. 21. 64. Spectatum] 'I considered that he had safely passed the ordeal.' This word is generally explained from Ovid, Tristia i. 5. 25, "Ut fulvum spectatur in ignibus aurum," and Cicero, "Qui pecunia non movetur, hunc igni spectatum arbitrantur," De Off. ii. 11. It also means approved,' of well known prowess, as a combatant. So of gladiators, "Tyndaridae gemini spectatus caestibus alter, Alter equo," Ovid, Metam. viii. 301. Compare Horace, Epist. i. 1. 2: "Spectatum satis et donatum jam rude;" |