and the gallows frames, as well as a 17-foot motor launch, complete with a stern roller, for work in shallow water, and an 18-foot conventional lifeboat.

FIGURE 8 - PILOTHOUSE LOOKING AFT.

NOTE THE TWO SONIC DEPTH INDICATORS, THE INTER-COMMUNICATING EQUIPMENT, SURFACE SEA TEMPERATURE RECORDER, AND THE RADAR INSTALLATION.

The vessel is also outfitted with instruments and equipment for oceanographic purposes, which include bathythermographs, bottom-sampling devices, reversing-type

FIGURE 9 VIEW OF CHART ROOM, SHOWING LORAN RECEIVER, 150 W. RADIO TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER, RADAR TRANSCEIVER, AND PORTION OF LARGE CHART TABLE. THE SPACE OPENING AT THE REAR SHOWS PART OF THE ADJOINING STATEROOM.

deep-sea thermometers, and plankton nets. A small laboratory space, with a sink, is provided in the hold for work in connection with freezing and freezing and processing.

Sonic depth recorder, audible signal
Radio telephone, 150 watt

Radio direction finder
Radar

Sonic depth recorder, recording type
Radio telephone, standby, 65 watt
Loran receiver

Steering is by means of an electric-mechanical system complete with automatic steering. Trials have clearly shown the remarkable maneuverability of the vessel. An unusually large combination chart and instrument room has been provided because of the special need for these facilities aboard.

Facilities for scientific personnel have been furnished.

Two staterooms

for scientific personnel--each has two bunks, and is equipped with desk, shelf, and locker space for scientific instruments. The captain and mate share a stateroom on the topside, while the chief and assistant engineers share one below. The forecastle space is roomy and comfortable, accommodating six men.

The John N. Cobb completed its first fishing trip to southeastern Alaska on April 14 this year; and left on June 12 on a search for albacore tuna in Pacific Coast and Alaskan waters, a continuation of a project started last year. (See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1950, pp. 33-34; June 1950, p. 21; July, 1950, pp. 25-26; August 1950, p. 18.)

"S.S. PACIFIC EXPLORER"

PART V 1948 OPERATIONS IN THE NORTH PACIFIC AND BERING SEA

Early in 1940, the President requested the Secretary of the Interior to investigate the possibility of establishing an American king crab industry in Alaskan waters. In June 1940, a special appropriation was approved by Congress authorizing the Fish and Wildlife Service to conduct a technical, economic and biological investigation of the king crab fishery off the coast of Alaska. A year later funds were provided to continue crab fishing experiments during the summer and fall months of 1941.

The investigation established that there was a large king crab population in the Bering Sea and that lesser but commercially exploitable quantities of crab were to be found on the south side of the Alaska peninsula in Pavlof and Canoe Bays, around Kodiak Island and in certain locations in Cook Inlet. This investigation disclosed that commercial catches could be made and an outstanding opportunity existed for the development of a king crab industry in the Bering Sea. Large quantities of bottom fish were found which indicated that a floating factory ship or shore-based operation should be so designed as to provide for the utilization of the se, as well as crabs, and of scrap resulting from processing operations.

The Pacific Explorer, an American factory ship, was a development resulting
from the need for additional sources of protein foods during wartime. The 1940
and 1941 Bering Sea and North Pacific explorations of the Fish and Wildlife Service
showed that possibilities of commercial exploitation of these fisheries could pro-
vide large supplies of fishery products to help meet these needs. In 1945, there-
fore, the War Food Administration recommended that the Defense Plants Corporation,
a subsidiary of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, obtain and convert a sea-
going vessel to a factory ship in order to increase available food supplies for
the war effort. When hostilities ceased, the conversion of the vessel had not
yet been completed, due primarily to material and equipment shortages.
decided, however, that it would be to the advantage of the country and its fishing
industry to complete the vessel and proceed with its use as a factory ship to
extend the scope of American fishing activities.

Facilities of the Pacific Explorer were primarily designed to prepare products from king crabs and bottom fish in the Bering Sea. It was also conceived that a secondary activity would be the freezing and transporting of tuna from southern waters during the winter months when the Bering Sea can not be fished.

--Fishery Leaflet 361

SALMON CANNERY TRIMMINGS

PART 1 - RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF SEPARATED PARTS

By H. W. Magnusson and W. H. Hagevig **

ABSTRACT

DATA ARE PRESENTED ON THE RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF SEPARATED
PARTS (HEADS AND COLLARS, HEARTS, MISCELLANEOUS FINS, TAILS,
LIVERS, EGGS, MILT, AND DIGESTIVE TRACTS) WHICH CAN BE RECOV-
ERED FROM THE STANDARD CANNERY BUTCHERING AND TRIMMING EQUIP-
MENT FOR EACH OF THE FIVE SPECIES OF SALMON, NAMELY, PINK,
RED, CHUM, SILVER, AND KING.

INTRODUCTION

Every year nearly 100 million pounds of salmon trimmings, a potential source of animal food, vitamins, amino acids, sterols, and other valuable biochemicals, are discarded by the Alaskan salmon canneries. This wastage can be expected to continue until procedures for profitably utilizing the trimmings are developed. Already the waste (about 20 percent of the total) from a few canneries is being used by shore and floating reduction plants to produce fish meal and oil. sibly the waste from a few additional canneries could be handled profitably by similar plants. The bulk of the waste, however, will not be used until new processes and products are developed. In fact, several processes are required, for each cannery has its own individual problems.

Pos

Methods for preparing two nutritious food products from the edible parts of salmon cannery waste have been reported (Anderson and Piskur 1944). For esthetic reasons, these products were never commercialized. Methods have been investigated for the alkali extraction of oil from various parts of the waste, as well as from the whole waste (Anderson 1945; Butler and Miyauchi 1947; Carlson and Magnusson 1948). An excellent literature survey of the salmon waste utilization possibilities has been prepared by Jones and Carrigan (1947). They suggested that the most promising are processes which use only certain parts of the trimmings, for instance, livers for the production of vitamin concentrates, eggs as a source of cholesterol (Jones, Carrigan, and Dassow 1948), milt for production of amino acids, and the digestive tract as a source of enzymes. As yet, no one process appears sufficiently profitable to warrant the high cost of hand, or even mechanical, separation. However, the simultaneous separation and processing of several parts might be economically feasible.

Published information on the amounts of each part which could be recovered from the standard cannery butchering and trimming equipment was quite incomplete. Therefore, on several occasions during the 1946 and 1947 canning seasons, special efforts were made to secure and separate representative samples of the trimmings from each of the five species of salmon: *CHEMIST IN CHARGE

** LABORATORY ASSISTANT

FISHERY PRODUCTS LABORATORY, BRANCH OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES,
U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, KETCHIKAN, ALASKA.

NOTE: RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHED AT KETCHIKAN FISHERY PRODUCTS LABORATORY WHICH IS JOINTLY
OPERATED BY THE ALASKA FISHERIES EXPERIMENTAL COMMISSION AND THE U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE
SERVICE.

Pink, or humpback (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)
Red, sockeye, or blueback (0. nerka

Chum, fall, or dog (0. keta

Silver, or coho (0. kisutch

King, chinook, or spring (O. tshawytscha)

COLLECTION AND SORTING OF SALMON CANNERY WASTE

In 1946, the trimmings were collected in a 12-inch diameter wire-mesh basket by placing it directly in the chutes coming from the header and the "iron chink" (trimming and cleaning machine). Collections that year were made from four of the canneries accessible to Ketchikan by road: Ketchikan Packing Co., P. E. Harris & Co., New England Fish Co., and Wards Cove Packing Co. In 1947, all samples were secured from the Ketchikan Packing Company cannery. In the latter year, larger baskets, 16 by 16 by 10 inches, were held under the end of the chute. both years, each sample studied weighed at least 100 pounds. Because a larger basket was used, the 1947 samplings were probably the better. Actual counts of heads, tails, egg sacs, and milts indicated that fairly uniform and representative samples were secured.

In