Runes: A HandbookRunes, often considered magical symbols of mystery and power, are in fact an alphabetic form of writing. Derived from one or more Mediterranean prototypes, they were used by Germanic peoples to write different kinds of Germanic language, principally Anglo-Saxon and the various Scandinavian idioms, and were carved into stone, wood, bone, metal, and other hard surfaces; types of inscription range from memorials to the dead, through Christian prayers and everyday messages to crude graffiti. First reliably attested in the second century AD, runes were in due course supplanted by the roman alphabet, though in Anglo-Saxon England they continued in use until the early eleventh century, in Scandinavia until the fifteenth (and later still in one or two outlying areas). This book provides an accessible, general account of runes and runic writing from their inception to their final demise. It also covers modern uses of runes, and deals with such topics as encoded texts, rune names, how runic inscriptions were made, runological method, and the history of runic research. A final chapter explains where those keen to see runic inscriptions can most easily find them. Professor Michael P. Barnes is Emeritus Professor of Scandinavian Studies, University College London. |
Hvad folk siger - Skriv en anmeldelse
Vi har ikke fundet nogen anmeldelser de normale steder.
Indhold
1 Introduction | 1 |
2 The origin of the runes | 9 |
3 The older fuþark | 17 |
4 Inscriptions in the older fuþark | 27 |
5 The development of runes in AngloSaxon England and Frisia | 37 |
6 The English and Frisian inscriptions | 42 |
7 The development of runes in Scandinavia | 54 |
8 Scandinavian inscriptions of the Viking Age | 66 |
13 Runica manuscripta and rune names | 153 |
14 The making of runic inscriptions | 165 |
15 The reading and interpretation of runic inscriptions | 177 |
literature and politics | 190 |
17 A brief history of runology | 197 |
18 Where to find runic inscriptions | 213 |
Glossary | 218 |
Phonetic and phonemic symbols | 221 |
9 The late VikingAge and medieval runes | 92 |
10 Scandinavian inscriptions of the Middle Ages | 99 |
11 Runic writing in the postReformation era | 129 |
12 Cryptic inscriptions and cryptic runes | 144 |
226 | |
Backcover | 241 |
Almindelige termer og sætninger
Anglo-Saxon runes appear Bergen bracteates carved runes carver Christian church coins commemorative stone consonants context Dalarna Danish Denmark denote dotted early eleventh century England epigraphic evidence example Frisian Germanic Gotland Hälsingland Icelandic interpretation Jutland language late Latin Maeshowe magic manuscript medieval runic Middle Ages modern Museum Norse Norway Norwegian objects ofthe Old English older older-fuþark inscriptions origin Orkney Östergötland particular perhaps period personal names phonetic Plate Poem probably reading Rök Rök stone roman alphabet roman letters rune forms rune names Rune Poem rune-carvers rune-row rune-writers runes and runic runic alphabet runic characters runic inscriptions runic monuments runic stick runic texts runic writing runologists runology Scandinavian runic scholars script seems Sigrdrífumál sixteen runes Skåne speech sounds suggested Sweden Swedish symbols tradition transliteration uncertain unclear Uppland Uppsala variant vertical Viking Age vowel word writing system written younger fuþark