Prosocial Behavior: Theory and Research

altruistic act altruistic behavior Aronfreed arousal asked Bandura Bar-Tal Berkowitz Berscheid Bickman boys Bryan bystander bystander intervention Carlsmith characteristics child cognitive compensatory behavior condition confederate cost-reward costs cultural decide decision dependent determinants diffusion of responsibility distress distributive justice donate donor emergency situation empathic empathy example experiment Experimental Social Psychology explanation external favor feelings females Freedman Greenberg guilt harm harm-doer harm-doing helping behavior important indebtedness indicated individuals interaction intervene investigated involved Journal of Personality judgmental process Kitty Genovese Latané and Darley learning male manipulated Midlarsky norm of reciprocity number of studies observer perceived percent person in need personal variables Personality and Social Phase Piliavin potential helper prosocial acts prosocial behavior reaction received help recipient recipient's reciprocity behavior reinforcement relationship request rewards role Rosenhan Schopler self-reward situational variables Social learning theory social responsibility Staub studies e.g. subjects suggested tend theory variables related vicarious reinforcement volunteer Walster